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Striped Nerite
The striped nerite, scientific name ''Theodoxus transversalis'', is a species of small freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Neritidae, the nerites. Distribution The distribution of this species is Danubian. Fehér et al. (2012)Fehér Z., Albrecht C., Major Á., Sereda S. & Kríszik V. (2012). "Extremely low genetic diversity in the endangered striped nerite, ''Theodoxus transversalis'' (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Neritidae) – a result of ancestral or recent effects?". '' North-Western Journal of Zoology'' 8(2): 300-307PDF revealed in their conservation genetics study, that intraspecific variability of two researched DNA markers (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and ATP synthase subunit α) is very low. They hypothesized that the bottlenecked population colonized the whole range of ''Theodoxus transversalis'' in the Holocene. Fehér et al. (2012) also hypothesized that such low genetic diversity caused the high sensitivity of ''Theodoxus t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastropod Shell
The gastropod shell is part of the body of many gastropods, including snails, a kind of mollusc. The shell is an exoskeleton, which protects from predators, mechanical damage, and dehydration, but also serves for muscle attachment and calcium storage. Some gastropods appear shell-less (slugs) but may have a remnant within the mantle, or in some cases the shell is reduced such that the body cannot be retracted within it (semi-slug). Some snails also possess an operculum that seals the opening of the shell, known as the Aperture (mollusc), aperture, which provides further protection. The study of mollusc shells is known as conchology. The biological study of gastropods, and other molluscs in general, is malacology. Shell morphology terms vary by species group. Shell layers The gastropod shell has three major layers secreted by the Mantle (mollusc), mantle. The calcareous central layer, ostracum, is typically made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitated into an organic matrix ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I
Cytochrome c oxidase I (COX1) also known as mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I (MT-CO1) is a protein that is encoded by the ''MT-CO1'' gene in eukaryotes. The gene is also called ''COX1'', ''CO1'', or ''COI''. Cytochrome c oxidase I is the main subunit of the cytochrome c oxidase complex. In humans, mutations in MT-CO1 have been associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), acquired Idiopathic disease, idiopathic sideroblastic anemia, Cytochrome c oxidase, Complex IV deficiency, colorectal cancer, sensorineural deafness, and recurrent myoglobinuria. Structure In humans, the MT-CO1 gene is located from nucleotide pairs 5904 to 7444 on the guanine-rich heavy (H) section of Mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA. The gene product is a 57 kDa protein composed of 513 amino acids. Function Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO1 or MT-CO1) is one of three mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encoded subunits (MT-CO1, MT-CO2, MT-CO3) of cytochrome c oxidase, also known as Electron t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malacologica Bohemoslovaca
''Malacologica Bohemoslovaca'' is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering all aspects of malacology. It was published by the Slovak Academy of Sciences since 2005. It is published by the Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University since 2021. The editor-in-chief is Lucie Juřičková (Charles University in Prague). Articles are published in Czech, Slovak or English, with an abstract in English. The journal is abstracted and indexed in The Zoological Record ''The Zoological Record'' (''ZR'') is an electronic index of zoological literature that also serves as the unofficial register of scientific names in zoology. It was started as a print publication in 1864 by the Zoological Society of London, .... References External links * Malacology journals Multilingual journals Academic journals established in 2002 Creative Commons Attribution-licensed journals Academic journals published by learned and professional societies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Non-marine Molluscs Of Slovakia
Slovakia is a land-locked country, and therefore the molluscs of Slovakia are all land and freshwater species. There are 247 Horsák M., Juřičková L., Beran L., Čejka T. & Dvořák L. (2010). "Komentovaný seznam měkkýšů zjištěných ve volné přírodě České a Slovenské republiky. [Annotated list of mollusc species recorded outdoors in the Czech and Slovak Republics]". ''Malacologica Bohemoslovaca'', Suppl. 1: 1-37PDF species of Mollusca, molluscs living in the wild in Slovakia. In addition there are 9 gastropod species living only in greenhouses. There are a total of 219 species of Gastropoda, gastropods, which breaks down to 51 species of freshwater gastropods, and 168 species of land gastropods, plus 28 species of Bivalvia, bivalves living in the wild. There are 8 non-indigenous gastropod species (3 freshwater and 5 land species) and 3 species of bivalves in the wild in Slovakia. This is a total of 6 freshwater non-indigenous species of wild molluscs. ;Summary ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bavaria
Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria, is a States of Germany, state in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the list of German states by area, largest German state by land area, comprising approximately 1/5 of the total land area of Germany, and with over 13.08 million inhabitants, it is the list of German states by population, second most populous German state, behind only North Rhine-Westphalia; however, due to its large land area, its population density is list of German states by population density, below the German average. Major cities include Munich (its capital and List of cities in Bavaria by population, largest city, which is also the list of cities in Germany by population, third largest city in Germany), Nuremberg, and Augsburg. The history of Bavaria includes its earliest settlement by Iron Age Celts, Celtic tribes, followed by the conquests of the Roman Empire in the 1st century BC, when the territory was incorporated into the provinces of Ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Non-marine Molluscs Of Germany
This list of non-marine molluscs of Germany is a list of the molluscs that live in Germany, excluding the marine (Seawater, saltwater) species. In other words, it includes the land snails and slugs, the freshwater snails and the freshwater clams and mussels. There are about 349 species of non-marine Mollusca, mollusc living in the wild in Germany. Of these, 70 species are freshwater gastropods and 39 species are Bivalvia, bivalves. There are 45 introduced species, introduced gastropod species (6 freshwater and 36 land species) and 3 introduced bivalve species living in the wild in Germany. ;Summary table of number of species Some non-indigenous species only occurring greenhouses in Germany are noted separately, below the list. The main source for the list of freshwater species is the book Süsswassermollusken by Glöer & Meier-Brook. Freshwater gastropods Neritidae * ''Theodoxus danubialis'' (C. Pfeiffer, 1828) * ''Theodoxus fluviatilis'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – and ''Theodox ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Non-marine Molluscs Of Croatia
A list is a set of discrete items of information collected and set forth in some format for utility, entertainment, or other purposes. A list may be memorialized in any number of ways, including existing only in the mind of the list-maker, but lists are frequently written down on paper, or maintained electronically. Lists are "most frequently a tool", and "one does not ''read'' but only ''uses'' a list: one looks up the relevant information in it, but usually does not need to deal with it as a whole".Lucie Doležalová,The Potential and Limitations of Studying Lists, in Lucie Doležalová, ed., ''The Charm of a List: From the Sumerians to Computerised Data Processing'' (2009). Purpose It has been observed that, with a few exceptions, "the scholarship on lists remains fragmented". David Wallechinsky, a co-author of ''The Book of Lists'', described the attraction of lists as being "because we live in an era of overstimulation, especially in terms of information, and lists help us ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Non-marine Molluscs Of Bulgaria
There are numerous species of molluscs living in the wild in Bulgaria. This list covers only the non-marine species. Freshwater gastropods Neritidae * '' Theodoxus danubialis'' (C. Pfeiffer, 1828)Dilian Georgiev & Zdravko Hubenov (2013). "Freshwater snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Bulgaria: an updated annotated checklist". Folia Malacologica 21(4): 237-263. DOI:10.12657/folmal.021.026 * '' Theodoxus fluviatilis'' (Linnaeus, 1758) * '' Theodoxus pallasi'' Linholm, 1924 * '' Theodoxus transversalis'' (C. Pfeiffer, 1828) Viviparidae * ''Viviparus acerosus'' (Bourguignat, 1862) * '' Viviparus contectus'' (Millet, 1813) * '' Viviparus viviparus'' (Linnaeus, 1758) Melanopsidae * '' Melanopsis parreyssi'' Philippi, 1847 * '' Esperiana (Esperiana) esperi'' (A. Férussac, 1823) * '' Esperiana (Microcolpia) daudebartii'' (Prevost, 1821) * '' Holandriana holandrii'' (C. Pfeiffer, 1828) Pyrgulidae * '' Turricaspia (Laevicaspia) lincta'' (Milaschewitch, 1908) * '' Turricaspia (Clessinio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Non-marine Molluscs Of Austria
The non-marine molluscs of Austria are a part of the fauna of Austria. Austria is land-locked and therefore it has no marine molluscs, only land and freshwater species. This list is based on the current IUCN Red List, Red List of Austrian molluscs.Reischütz, A. & P. L. Reischütz (2007): Rote Liste der Weichtiere (Mollusca) Österreichs. In: Zulka, P. (Ed.): Rote Listen gefährdeter Tiere Österreichs. Checklisten, Gefährdungsanalysen, Handlungsbedarf. Teil 2. Grüne Reihe des BLFUW, Wien, Böhlauverlag, pp 363 – 433 There are 443 species of non-marine Mollusca, molluscs living in Austria. Of these, 426 species live in the wild, 60 of which are Endemism, endemic to Austria. At least 17 gastropod species live only as hothouse aliens in greenhouses, aquaria and terraria. Another 4 non-indigenous species occur only in hot springs. Freshwater gastropods Neritidae * ''Theodoxus danubialis'': ''Theodoxus danubialis danubialis'' (C. Pfeiffer, 1828); ''Theodoxus danubialis stra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Habitats Directive
The Habitats Directive (more formally known as Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora) is a directive adopted by the European Community in 1992 as a response to the Berne Convention. The European Community was reformed as the European Union the following year, but the directive is still recognised. The Habitats Directive required national governments to specify areas that are expected to be ensuring the conservation of flora and fauna species. This led to the setting up of a network of protected areas across the EU, along with 'Special Areas of Conservation', which together with the existing Special Protection Areas, became the so-called Natura 2000 network established to protect species and habitats. This directive is one of the main pillars of the European Union's system of wildlife and nature conservation, another being the Birds Directive. The Habitats Directive, together with the Birds Directive, are also called the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Pollution
Water pollution (or aquatic pollution) is the contamination of Body of water, water bodies, with a negative impact on their uses. It is usually a result of human activities. Water bodies include lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers, reservoirs and groundwater. Water pollution results when contaminants mix with these water bodies. Contaminants can come from one of four main sources. These are sewage discharges, industrial activities, agricultural activities, and urban runoff including stormwater. Water pollution may affect either surface water or groundwater pollution, groundwater. This form of pollution can lead to many problems. One is the environmental degradation, degradation of aquatic ecosystems. Another is spreading Waterborne diseases, water-borne diseases when people use polluted water for drinking or irrigation. Water pollution also reduces the ecosystem services such as drinking water provided by the Water resources, water resource. Sources of water pollution are either p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Quality
Water quality refers to the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water based on the standards of its usage. It is most frequently used by reference to a set of standards against which compliance, generally achieved through treatment of the water, can be assessed. The most common standards used to monitor and assess water quality convey the health of ecosystems, safety of human contact, extent of water pollution and condition of drinking water. Water quality has a significant impact on water supply and often determines supply options. Impacts on public health Over time, there has been increasing recognition of the importance of drinking water quality and its impact on public health. This has led to increasing protection and management of water quality. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a creativecommons:by/4.0/, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License The understanding of the links between water quality and healt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
