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Stichodactyla Gigantea
''Stichodactyla gigantea'', commonly known as the giant carpet anemone, is a species of sea anemone that lives in the Hawaii, USA, North America, and Indo-Pacific area. It can be kept in an aquarium but is a very challenging species to keep alive and healthy for more than 3–5 years. Description ''Stichodactyla gigantea'' has a diameter that is usually no larger than and a maximum of . It can appear in a number of colors, commonly brown or greenish and rarely a striking purple or pink, deep blue, or bright green. A healthy ''S. gigantea'' will possess tentacles that are extremely sticky to the touch, with firm adherence to surfaces. File:Stichodactyla gigantea, Amphiprion percula.jpeg, Blue File:Stichodactyla gigantea, tentáculos.jpg, Beige File:A ocellaris 2 Sesoko Point 140904 LOWRES.jpg, Green File:Stichodactyla gigantea, Koh Phangan.jpg, Orange File:Stichodactyla gigantea, Reunión.jpg, Tan Ecology ''S. gigantea'' resides on shallow seagrass beds or sand flats around ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Forsskål
Peter Forsskål, sometimes spelled Pehr Forsskål, Peter Forskaol, Petrus Forskål or Pehr Forsskåhl (11 January 1732 – 11 July 1763) was a Sweden, Swedish exploration, explorer, oriental studies, orientalist, natural history, naturalist, and an Apostles of Linnaeus, apostle of Carl Linnaeus. Early life Forsskål was born in Helsinki, now in Finland but then a part of Sweden, where his father, the priest , was serving as a Lutheran clergyman, but the family moved to Sweden in 1741 when the father was appointed to the parish of :sv:Tegelsmora församling, Tegelsmora in Uppland and the Archbishop of Uppsala, archdiocese of Uppsala. As was common at the time, he enrolled at Uppsala University at a young age in 1742, but returned home for some time and, after studies on his own, rematriculated in Uppsala in 1751, where he completed a Theology, theological degree the same year. Linnaeus's disciple In Uppsala Forsskål was one of the students of Carl Linnaeus, Linnaeus, but appare ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphiprion Clarkii
Clark's anemonefish (''Amphiprion clarkii''), also known as the yellowtail clownfish, is a marine fish belonging to the family Pomacentridae, the clownfishes and damselfishes. 28 species of anemonefish live within the Pomacentridae family (Steer P. 2012). Characteristics of anemonefish Clownfish or anemonefish are fishes that, in the wild, form symbiotic mutualisms with sea anemones and are unaffected by the stinging tentacles of the host anemone, see . The sea anemone protects the clownfish from predators, as well as providing food through the scraps left from the anemone's meals and occasional dead anemone tentacles. In return, the clownfish defends the anemone from its predators, and parasites. Anemonefish tend to have a life span of about 10-11 years when accounting for a predictable environment that does not experience much change in water temperature, increase in predation or habitat degradation (Lakshmi Sawitri). Clownfish are small-sized, , and depending on species, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stichodactylidae
Stichodactylidae is a family of sea anemones that contains the genera '' Stichodactyla'' (carpet anemones) and '' Radianthus''. These species reside exclusively within the shallow waters of the tropical Indo-Pacific area and are in the main family of sea anemones that hosts several varieties of clownfishes. Most species of sea anemones are harmless to humans, but at least some species of the genus ''Stichodactyla'' are highly venomous and their sting may cause anaphylactic shock and organ failure (notably acute liver failure). In contrast, the venom of ''Radianthus'' spp. has shown potential in the treatment of lung cancer. Discovery C. Collingwood first reported species of the genus ''Stichodactylidae'' in 1868 after taking note of the existence of gigantic sea-anemones in the China Sea, containing quasi-parasitic fish. Genera and species The following species are recognized within the family Stichodactylidae: *Genus '' Radianthus'' Kwietniewski, 1896 **'' Radianthus crispa'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, sold under the trade names Bactrim, Cotrim (a short form of the British Approved Name, Co-trimoxazole) and Septra, among others, is a fixed-dose combination antibiotic medication used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It consists of one part trimethoprim to five parts sulfamethoxazole. It is used to treat urinary tract infections, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin infections, travelers' diarrhea, respiratory tract infections, and cholera, among others. It is used both to treat and prevent pneumocystis pneumonia and toxoplasmosis in people with HIV/AIDS and other causes of immunosuppression. It can be given orally (swallowed by mouth) or intravenous infusion (slowly injected into a vein with an IV). Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is available as a generic medication. In 2022, it was the 143rd most commonly prescribed medication in the Unit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections. This includes bone and joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, certain types of infectious diarrhea, respiratory tract infections, skin infections, typhoid fever, and urinary tract infections, among others. For some infections it is used in addition to other antibiotics. It can be taken by mouth, as eye drops, as ear drops, or intravenously. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Severe side effects include tendon rupture, hallucinations, and nerve damage. In people with myasthenia gravis, there is worsening muscle weakness. Rates of side effects appear to be higher than some groups of antibiotics such as cephalosporins but lower than others such as clindamycin. Studies in other animals raise concerns regarding use in pregnancy. No problems were identified, however, in the children of a small number of women who took the medication. It appear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aquarium Lighting
Aquarium lighting describes any type of artificial lighting that is used to illuminate an aquarium. Some types of aquaria such as reef aquariums and planted aquariums require specialized high intensity lighting to support photosynthetic life within the tank. Freshwater Freshwater aquarium lighting is commonly provided by screw-in incandescent bulbs, fluorescent tubes and LED lamps. Incandescent lighting is becoming less popular because it uses much more energy and produces more heat than the other lighting types. Compact fluorescent lighting with a compatible screw-in base is frequently used as a direct replacement for incandescent bulbs. Freshwater planted aquariums require more specialized light sources. High-intensity compact fluorescent bulbs, high output fluorescent bulbs or metal halide lamps are often used over such aquariums to encourage plant growth. In addition to providing a much stronger light source, these light sources also offer a better spectrum for plant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symbiosis
Symbiosis (Ancient Greek : living with, companionship < : together; and ''bíōsis'': living) is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction, between two organisms of different species. The two organisms, termed symbionts, can for example be in Mutualism (biology), mutualistic, commensalism, commensalistic, or parasitism, parasitic relationships. In 1879, Heinrich Anton de Bary defined symbiosis as "the living together of unlike organisms". The term is sometimes more exclusively used in a restricted, mutualistic sense, where both symbionts contribute to each other's subsistence. This means that they benefit each other in some way. Symbiosis can be ''obligate'' (or ''obligative''), which means that one, or both of the organisms depend on each other for survival, or ''facultative'' (optional), when they can also subsist independently. Symbiosis is also classified by physical attachment. Symbionts forming a single body live ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reef Aquarium
A reef aquarium or reef tank is a marine aquarium that prominently displays live corals and other marine invertebrates as well as fish that play a role in maintaining the tropical coral reef environment. A reef aquarium requires appropriately intense lighting, turbulent water movement, and more stable water chemistry than fish-only marine aquaria, and careful consideration is given to which reef animals are appropriate and compatible with each other. Components Reef aquariums consist of a number of components, in addition to the livestock, including: *Display tank: The primary tank in which the livestock are kept and shown. *Stand: A stand allows for placement of the display tank at eye level and provides space for storage of the accessory components. *Sump: An accessory tank in which mechanical equipment is kept. A remote sump allows for a clutter-free display tank. *Refugium: An accessory tank dedicated to the cultivation of beneficial macroalgae and microflora/fauna. The ref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dascyllus Trimaculatus
The threespot dascyllus (''Dascyllus trimaculatus''), also known as the domino damsel or simply domino, is a species of damselfish from the family Pomacentridae. It is native to the Indo-Pacific from the Red Sea and East Africa, to the Pitcairn Islands, southern Japan, and Australia, and can also be found in some parts of the Philippines. Taxonomy ''Dascyllus trimaculatus'' is one of four species in its namesake ''D. trimaculatus'' species complex. The other three species in this complex are '' D. albisella'', '' D. strasburgi'', and '' D. auripinnis''. ''D. trimaculatus'' and ''D. auripinnis'' are parapatric (their ranges overlap in the Northern Cook Islands), but the four species are otherwise all allopatric. The ''D. trimaculatus'' complex diverged from the ''D. reticulatus'' complex 3.9 million years ago, in the Pleistocene. Mitochondrial genome analysis found that ''D. trimaculatus'' itself can be split into three populations: Indian Ocean, southern French Polynesia, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphiprion Rubrocinctus
''Amphiprion rubrocinctus'', also known as the Australian clownfish or red anemonefish, is a species of anemonefish that is endemic to north west Australia. Like all anemonefishes it forms a symbiotic mutualism with sea anemones and is unaffected by the stinging tentacles of the host anemone. It is a sequential hermaphrodite with a strict sized based dominance hierarchy: the female is largest, the breeding male is second largest, and the male non-breeders get progressively smaller as the hierarchy descends. They exhibit protandry, meaning the breeding male will change to female if the sole breeding female dies, with the largest non-breeder becomes the breeding male. The fish's natural diet includes zooplankton. Description The side of ''A. rubrocinctus'' has blackish or dark brown sides with red snout, breast, belly and fins. it has a single white head bar that is often poorly developed and lacking a pronounced black margin. Color variations Some anemonefish species have col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphiprion Perideraion
The pink skunk clownfish (''Amphiprion perideraion''), also known as the pink anemonefish, is a species of anemonefish that is widespread from northern Australia through the Malay Archipelago and Melanesia. Like all anemonefishes, it forms a symbiotic mutualism with sea anemones and is unaffected by the stinging tentacles of the host. It is a sequential hermaphrodite with a strict size-based dominance hierarchy; the female is largest, the breeding male is second largest, and the male nonbreeders get progressively smaller as the hierarchy descends. They exhibit protandry, meaning the breeding male changes to female if the sole breeding female dies, with the largest nonbreeder becoming the breeding male. Description The body of ''A. perideraion'' is pink to peach. It has the white stripe along the dorsal ridge that is common to all members of the skunk complex and a white head bar running vertically just behind the eye. While the largest species of anemonefish can reach a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphiprion Percula
The orange clownfish (''Amphiprion percula'') also known as percula clownfish and clown anemonefish, is widely known as a popular aquarium fish. Like other clownfishes (also known as anemonefishes), it often lives in association with sea anemones. ''A. percula'' is associated specifically with '' Heteractis magnifica'' and '' Stichodactyla gigantea'', and as larvae use chemical cues released from the anemones to identify and locate the appropriate host species to use them for shelter and protection. This causes preferential selection when finding their anemone host species.Lee, J. 2003. "''Amphiprion percula''"(Online). Although popular, maintaining this species in captivity is rather complex. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority regulates the number of collection permits issued to aquarium fish dealers who seek this, and other tropical fish within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. The symbiosis between anemonefish and anemones depends on the presence of the fish drawing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
