|
Stenochirid
Stenochiridae is a family of fossil decapod crustaceans which lived from the early Jurassic to late Cretaceous periods. It is the only family in the superfamily Stenochiroidea. Fossils of stenochirids are known from Europe, Japan, Chile and Australia. Classification Georg zu Münster was the first to publish on fossils of stenochirids, describing several fossil specimens collected from the Solnhofen Limestone in 1839, though the family would not be named until much later. He erected the genus ''Bolina'' to which he assigned two species, ''Bolina pustulosa'' and ''Bolina angusta''. However, Albert Oppel noted in 1861 that this genus name was preoccupied by a cnidarian, and split the two species into separate genera, renaming them as '' Pseudastacus pustulosus'' and '' Stenochirus angustus''. The family Stenochiridae was first established decades later in 1928 by Karl Beurlen, named after the type genus ''Stenochirus''. Beurlen placed only the genus ''Stenochirus'' into the Stenoch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudastacus
''Pseudastacus'' (meaning 'false ''Astacus'', in comparison to the extant crayfish genus) is an extinct genus of decapod crustaceans that lived during the Jurassic period in Europe, and possibly the Cretaceous period in Lebanon. Many species have been assigned to it, though the placement of some species remains uncertain and others have been reassigned to different genera. Fossils attributable to this genus were first described by Georg zu Münster in 1839 under the name ''Bolina pustulosa'', but the generic name was changed in 1861 after Albert Oppel noted that it was preoccupied. The genus has been placed into different families by numerous authors, historically being assigned to Nephropidae or Protastacidae. Currently, it is believed to be a member of Stenochiridae. Reaching up to in total length, ''Pseudastacus'' individuals were small animals. Members of this genus have a crayfish-like build, possessing long antennae, a triangular rostrum and a frontmost pair of appen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palaeophoberus
''Palaeophoberus'' is an extinct genus of decapod crustaceans that lived from the Aalenian to Tithonian stages of the Jurassic period. Its fossils have been found in Germany and France. Taxonomic history The first known fossils of ''Palaeophoberus'' were initially assigned to another genus; Friedrich August von Quenstedt named the species '' Stenochirus suevicus'' in 1867 based on remains collected from Aalenian-aged deposits in Reutlingen, Germany. 65 years later in 1932, Martin Glaessner determines that these remains differ significantly from the type specimen of ''Stenochirus'' and thus belong in a separate genus, which he named ''Palaeophoberus'', with ''P. suevicus'' as its type and only species. The generic name means "ancient ''Phoberus''", as Glaessner believed it was related to '' Acanthacaris'' (formerly known as ''Phoberus''). A second species was assigned to ''Palaeophoberus'' in 1944. Named ''P. portlandicus'', its remains were collected from Tithonian In the ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tillocheles
''Tillocheles'' is an extinct genus of decapod crustaceans that lived during the Cretaceous period. Two species are currently placed in the genus. Fossils of the earlier type species, ''T. shannonae'', have been found in Queensland, while remains of the later species, ''T. kaoriae'', are known from Hokkaido. Discovery and naming Fossils of ''Tillocheles'' were first described in 1957, when eight specimens were collected from the late Albian-aged Tambo Formation in Currane, central Queensland, Australia. Based on these specimens, Jack T. Woods erected the genus ''Tillocheles'', with ''T. shannonae'' as its type and only species. A specimen preserving part of the carapace, abdomen and appendages (F. 3252) was designated as the holotype of this species. The specific name honors Sanna Shannon, who discovered and collected fossils of decapod crustaceans at Currane. In addition to the type species, a second species was assigned to ''Tillocheles'' in 2000. Named ''T. kaoriae'' (after Ka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karl Beurlen
Karl Beurlen (17 April 1901 – 27 December 1985) was a German paleontologist. Beurlen was born in Aalen. He attended University of Tübingen. He completed a PhD in 1923. p. 115-119/ref> Beurlen was a proponent of orthogenesis and saltational evolution. He used the term ''metakinesis'' (coined by Otto Jaekel) to describe sudden changes of development in organisms. He also invented the term ''palingenesis'' as a mechanism for his orthogenetic theory of evolution. He was an assistant of Edwin Hennig. He was a proponent of National Socialist ideology and wrote about the Aryan race The Aryan race is a pseudoscientific historical race concepts, historical race concept that emerged in the late-19th century to describe people who descend from the Proto-Indo-Europeans as a Race (human categorization), racial grouping. The ter .... He was director of the Zoologische Staatssammlung München. See also * Otto Schindewolf References 1901 births 1985 deaths German paleonto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parastacidae
The Parastacidae are the family of freshwater crayfish found in the Southern Hemisphere. The family is a classic Gondwana-distributed taxon, with extant members in South America, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, and New Guinea, and extinct taxa also in Antarctica. Classification and phylogeny Parastacidae belongs to the superfamily Parastacoidea, the monotypic taxon which contains all crayfish in the Southern Hemisphere. Parastacoidea is the sister taxon to Astacoidea, which contains all crayfish of the Northern Hemisphere. Crayfish and lobsters together comprise the infraorder Astacidea, as shown in the simplified cladogram below: Distribution Three genera are found in Chile, '' Virilastacus'', '' Samastacus'' and '' Parastacus'', the last of which also occurs disjunctly in southern Brazil and Uruguay. There are no crayfish native to continental Africa, but seven species on Madagascar, all of the genus '' Astacoides''. Australasia is particularly rich in crayfish. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protastacidae
''Protastacus'' is an extinct genus of Decapoda, decapod crustaceans that lived in what is now Germany during the early Cretaceous period. The type species is ''P. politus'', and a second species, ''P. antiquus'', is also assigned to the genus. ''Protastacus'' grew to around long and had a mostly crayfish-like appearance, with enlarged Pincer (biology), pincer-bearing appendages and a segmented abdomen. Though formerly assigned to the Astacidae or Nephropoidea, it is currently placed as the only genus in the Family (biology), family Protastacidae, which in turn is the only family in the Superfamily (taxonomy), superfamily Protastacoidea. Both known species are believed to be brackish water animals, inhabiting a large upland-surrounded lake where the Bückeberg Formation was deposited during the earliest Cretaceous. This lake was originally freshwater and connected to the Boreal Sea, but became brackish due to marine transgression. ''Protastacus'' would have lived alongside variou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladogram
A cladogram (from Greek language, Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an Phylogenetic tree, evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to descendants, nor does it show how much they have changed, so many differing evolutionary trees can be consistent with the same cladogram. A cladogram uses lines that branch off in different directions ending at a clade, a group of organisms with a last common ancestor. There are many shapes of cladograms but they all have lines that branch off from other lines. The lines can be traced back to where they branch off. These branching off points represent a hypothetical ancestor (not an actual entity) which can be inferred to exhibit the traits shared among the terminal taxa above it. This hypothetical ancestor might then provide clues about the order of evolution of various features, adaptation, and other e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astacidea
Astacidea is an infraorder of decapod crustaceans including lobsters (but not "lobsters" such as the spiny lobster etc.), crayfish, and their close relatives. Description The Astacidea are distinguished from most other decapods by the presence of chelae (claws) on each of the first three pairs of pereiopods (walking legs), the first of which is much larger than the remaining two pairs. The last two pairs of pereiopods are simple (without claws), except in ''Thaumastocheles'', where the fifth pereiopod may have "a minute pincer". Distribution Members of the infraorder Astacidea are found throughout the world – both in the oceans and in fresh water – except for mainland Africa and parts of Asia. Classification Astacidea belongs to the group Reptantia, which consists of the walking/crawling decapods (lobsters and crabs). Astacidea is the sister clade to the infraorder Polychelida, a small group of crustaceans restricted to deep waters. The cladogram below shows Astacidea's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Infraorder
Order () is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between Family_(biology), family and Class_(biology), class. In biological classification, the order is a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms and recognized by the nomenclature codes. An immediately higher rank, superorder, is sometimes added directly above order, with suborder directly beneath order. An order can also be defined as a group of related families. What does and does not belong to each order is determined by a taxonomist, as is whether a particular order should be recognized at all. Often there is no exact agreement, with different taxonomists each taking a different position. There are no hard rules that a taxonomist needs to follow in describing or recognizing an order. Some taxa are accepted almost universally, while others are recognized only rarely. The name of an order is usually written with a capital letter. For some groups of organisms, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nephropidae
Lobsters are malacostracans decapod crustaceans of the family Nephropidae or its synonym Homaridae. They have long bodies with muscular tails and live in crevices or burrows on the sea floor. Three of their five pairs of legs have claws, including the first pair, which are usually much larger than the others. Highly prized as seafood, lobsters are economically important and are often one of the most profitable commodities in the coastal areas they populate. Commercially important species include two species of ''Homarus'' from the northern Atlantic Ocean and scampi (which look more like a shrimp, or a "mini lobster")—the Northern Hemisphere genus '' Nephrops'' and the Southern Hemisphere genus ''Metanephrops''. Distinction Although several other groups of crustaceans have the word "lobster" in their names, the unqualified term "lobster" generally refers to the clawed lobsters of the family Nephropidae. Clawed lobsters are not closely related to spiny lobsters or slippe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister Clade
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and taxon B are sister groups to each other. Taxa A and B, together with any other extant or extinct descendants of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), form a monophyletic group, the clade AB. Clade AB and taxon C are also sister groups. Taxa A, B, and C, together with all other descendants of their MRCA form the clade ABC. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree which offers yet more sister group relationships, both among the leaves and among larger, more deeply rooted clades. The tree structure shown connects through its root to the rest of the universal tree of life. In cladistic standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens, species, genera, or any other taxonomic units. If A and B are at the same taxonomic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Junior Synonym
In taxonomy, the scientific classification of living organisms, a synonym is an alternative scientific name for the accepted scientific name of a taxon. The botanical and zoological codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that now goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linnaeus was the first to give a scientific name (under the currently used system of scientific nomenclature) to the Norway spruce, which he called '' Pinus abies''. This name is no longer in use, so it is now a synonym of the current scientific name, '' Picea abies''. * In zoology, moving a species from one genus to another results in a different binomen, but the name is considered an alternative combination rather than a synonym. The concept of synonymy in zoology is reserved for two names at the same rank that refers to a taxon at that rank – for example, the name ''Papilio prorsa'' Linnaeus, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
