|
St Leu-d'Esserent
Saint-Leu-d'Esserent () is a commune in the Oise department in northern France. Saint Leu is notable for of mushroom quarries under the Thiverny plateau. History During World War II, the quarries were one of three major underground V-1 flying bomb storage depots. In addition to the quarries, the facility included blockhouses, bunkers, flak emplacements and railway links. Allied intelligence firmly identified late in June 1944 that Saint-Leu-d'Esserent and Nucourt were V-1 storage depots. On 27 June 1944, Saint-Leu-d'Esserent was initially bombed by the US Army Air Force, then on 4/5 July 1944 by two RAF forces (the first unsuccessfully used Tallboy bombs in an attempt to collapse the limestone roof of the quarries). Finally on 7 July 1944, an evening RAF raid successfully blocked the tunnels. The storage dump at Thiverny was bombed in 1944 on 5 May, 11 July, 12 July and 19 July. Population See also * Communes of the Oise department * V-1 flying bomb (facilities) T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communes Of France
A () is a level of administrative divisions of France, administrative division in the France, French Republic. French are analogous to civil townships and incorporated municipality, municipalities in Canada and the United States; ' in Germany; ' in Italy; ' in Spain; or civil parishes in the United Kingdom. are based on historical geographic communities or villages and are vested with significant powers to manage the populations and land of the geographic area covered. The are the fourth-level administrative divisions of France. vary widely in size and area, from large sprawling cities with millions of inhabitants like Paris, to small hamlet (place), hamlets with only a handful of inhabitants. typically are based on pre-existing villages and facilitate local governance. All have names, but not all named geographic areas or groups of people residing together are ( or ), the difference residing in the lack of administrative powers. Except for the Municipal arrondissem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
V-1 Flying Bomb (facilities)
To carry out the planned V-1 "flying bomb" attacks on the United Kingdom, Germany built a number of military installations including launching sites and depots. Some of the installations were huge concrete fortifications. The Allies became aware of the sites at an early stage and carried out numerous bombing raids to destroy them before they came into use. Production The robot was sub-contracted by centers like Bruns Werke and Neidersachswerfen's Mittelwerk. The unpiloted aircraft was assembled at the KdF-Stadt (now Wolfsburg) ''Volkswagenwerke'' ("Volkswagen works", described as "the largest pressed-steel works in Germany") at Fallersleben, and at the Mittelwerk, underground factory in central Germany. Production plants to modify several hundred standard V-1s to Reichenberg R-III manned aircraft were in the woods of Dannenburg and at Pulverhof, with air-launch trials at Lärz and Rechlin. Flight testing was performed by the Luftwaffe at Peenemünde West and, after the A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II Strategic Bombing
The world is the totality of entities, the whole of reality, or everything that exists. The nature of the world has been conceptualized differently in different fields. Some conceptions see the world as unique, while others talk of a "plurality of worlds". Some treat the world as one simple object, while others analyze the world as a complex made up of parts. In scientific cosmology, the world or universe is commonly defined as "the totality of all space and time; all that is, has been, and will be". Theories of modality talk of possible worlds as complete and consistent ways how things could have been. Phenomenology, starting from the horizon of co-given objects present in the periphery of every experience, defines the world as the biggest horizon, or the "horizon of all horizons". In philosophy of mind, the world is contrasted with the mind as that which is represented by the mind. Theology conceptualizes the world in relation to God, for example, as God's creation, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
V-weapon Subterranea
V-weapons, known in original German as (, German: "retaliatory weapons", "reprisal weapons"), were a particular set of long-range artillery weapons designed for strategic bombing during World War II, particularly strategic bombing and aerial bombing of cities. They were the V-1, a pulsejet-powered cruise missile; the V-2, a liquid-fueled ballistic missile; and the V-3 cannon. Germany intended to use all of these weapons in a military campaign against Britain, though only the V-1 and V-2 were so used in a campaign conducted 1944–45. After the invasion of western Europe by the Allies, these weapons were also employed against targets on the mainland of Europe, mainly in France and Belgium. Strategic bombing with V-weapons killed approximately 18,000 people, mostly civilians. The cities of London, Antwerp and Liège were the main targets. V-weapons formed part of the range of the so-called (superweapons, or "wonderweapons") of Nazi Germany. Development As early as 28 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quarries In France
A quarry is a type of open-pit mine in which dimension stone, rock, construction aggregate, riprap, sand, gravel, or slate is excavated from the ground. The operation of quarries is regulated in some jurisdictions to manage their safety risks and reduce their environmental impact. The word ''quarry'' can also include the underground quarrying for stone, such as Bath stone. History For thousands of years, only hand tools had been used in quarries. In the eighteenth century, the use of drilling and blasting operations was mastered. Types of rock Types of rock extracted from quarries include: *Chalk *China clay *Cinder *Clay *Coal *Construction aggregate (sand and gravel) *Coquina *Diabase *Gabbro *Granite *Gritstone *Gypsum *Limestone *Marble *Ores *Phosphate rock *Quartz *Sandstone *Slate *Travertine Methods of quarrying The method of removal of stones from their natural bed by using different operations is called quarrying. Methods of quarrying include: *a) Dig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communes Of Oise
A commune is an alternative term for an intentional community. Commune or comună or comune or other derivations may also refer to: Administrative-territorial entities * Commune (administrative division), a municipality or township ** Communes of Algeria ** Communes of Angola ** Communes of Belgium ** Communes of Benin ** Communes of Burundi ** Communes of Chile ** Communes of the Democratic Republic of the Congo ** Communes of France ** Communes of Italy, called ''comune'' ** Communes of Luxembourg ** Communes of Moldova, called ''comună'' ** Communes of Niger ** Communes of Romania, called ''comună'' ** Communes of Switzerland ** Commune-level subdivisions (Vietnam) *** Commune (Vietnam) *** Commune-level town (Vietnam) ** People's commune, highest of three administrative levels in rural China, 1958 to 1983 Government and military/defense * Agricultural commune, intentional community based on agricultural labor * Commune (rebellion), a synonym for uprising or revolutionary g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communes Of The Oise Department
The following is a list of the 680 Communes of France, communes of the Oise Departments of France, department of France. The communes cooperate in the following Communes of France#Intercommunality, intercommunalities (as of 2025):Périmètre des groupements en 2025 BANATIC. Accessed 28 May 2025. *Communauté d'agglomération du Beauvaisis *Communauté d'agglomération de la Région de Compiègne et de la Basse Automne *Communauté d'agglomération Creil Sud Oise *Communauté de communes de l'Aire Cantilienne *Communauté de communes du Clermontois *Communauté de communes des Deux Vallées *Communauté de communes du Liancourtois *Communauté de communes des Lisières de l'Oise *Communauté de communes de l'Oise Picarde *Communauté de communes du Pays de Bray *Communauté de communes du Pays Noyonnais *Communautà ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tallboy Bomb
Tallboy or Bomb, Medium Capacity, 12,000 lb was an earthquake bomb developed by the British aeronautical engineer Barnes Wallis and used by the Royal Air Force (RAF) during the Second World War."Medium capacity" refers to the ratio of bomb case to explosive filling; in the case of the Tallboy, this was less than 50 per cent explosive by weight, in contrast to "high capacity" bombs like the Blockbuster bombs, in which up to three-quarters of their weight was the explosive. At , it could be carried only by a modified model of the Avro Lancaster heavy bomber. It proved to be effective against large, fortified structures where conventional bombing had proved ineffective. History Wallis presented his ideas for a 10-ton bomb in his 1941 paper "A Note on a Method of Attacking the Axis Powers", which showed that a very large bomb exploding deep underground next to a target would transmit the shock into the foundations of the target, particularly since shock waves are transmitted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Army Air Force
The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF or AAF) was the major land-based aerial warfare service component of the United States Army and ''de facto'' aerial warfare service branch of the United States during and immediately after World War II (1941–1947). It was created on 20 June 1941 as successor to the previous United States Army Air Corps and is the direct predecessor of the United States Air Force, today one of the six armed forces of the United States. The AAF was a component of the United States Army, which on 2 March 1942 was divided functionally by executive order into three autonomous forces: the Army Ground Forces, the United States Army Services of Supply (which in 1943 became the Army Service Forces), and the Army Air Forces. Each of these forces had a commanding general who reported directly to the Army Chief of Staff. The AAF administered all parts of military aviation formerly distributed among the Air Corps, General Headquarters Air Force, and the ground ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nucourt
Nucourt () is one of the communes of the Val-d'Oise department in the ÃŽle-de-France region of northern France. It is the location of limestone caves which were used as a World War II V-1 flying bomb The V-1 flying bomb ( "Vengeance Weapon 1") was an early cruise missile. Its official Reich Aviation Ministry () name was Fieseler Fi 103 and its suggestive name was (hellhound). It was also known to the Allies as the buzz bomb or doodlebug a ... storage depot. References External links *Land use (IAURIF)Association of Mayors of the Val d'Oise Communes of Val-d'Oise V-weapon subterranea {{ValOise-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communauté D'agglomération Creil Sud Oise
The Communauté d'agglomération Creil Sud Oise is a ''communauté d'agglomération'' located in the Oise ''département'' and in the Hauts-de-France ''région'' of France. Its seat is in the town Creil. It was created on 1 January 2017. Its area is 83.5 km2. Its population was 88,665 in 2020, of which 35,970 in Creil proper.Comparateur de territoire INSEE. Accessed 17 November 2023. Composition The communauté d'agglomération consists of the following 11 communes: # # ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
88 Mm Gun
The 8.8 cm Flak 18/36/37/41 is a German 88mm anti-aircraft and anti-tank artillery gun, developed in the 1930s. It was widely used by Germany throughout World War II and is one of the most recognized German weapons of the conflict. The gun was universally known as the ''Acht-acht'' ("eight-eight") by the Germans and the "eighty-eight" by the Allies. Due to its lethality, especially as a tank killer, the eighty-eight was greatly feared by Allied soldiers. Development of the original model led to a wide variety of guns. The name of the gun applies to a series of related guns, the first one officially called the ''8.8 cm Flak 18'', the improved ''8.8 cm Flak 36'', and later the ''8.8cm Flak 37''. Flak is a contraction of German ''Flugabwehrkanone'' (also referred to as ''Fliegerabwehrkanone'') meaning "aircraft-defense cannon", the original purpose of the weapon. In English, "flak" became a generic term for ground anti-aircraft fire. Air defense units were usually d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
