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St. Gjon Vladimir's Church
Saint Jovan Vladimir's Church () is a church in Shijon, Elbasan County, Albania. It is dedicated to the Dukljan prince and saint Jovan Vladimir, the son-in-law of the Bulgarian Tsar Samuel of Bulgaria, Samuil. It became a Cultural Monument of Albania in 1948. The first temple is the oldest large Orthodox basilica from the times of Tsar Samuil, rebuilt as present church by the Thopia family in 1381. Karl Thopia, the Principality of Albania (medieval), Prince of Albania, died in 1388 and was buried in Saint John Vladimir's Church. During the 18th century Kostandin Shpataraku painted the walls of the church. An Orthodox monastery grew around the church, and became the seat of the newly founded Archdiocese of Dyrrhachium in the 18th century. Gregory of Durrës, the archbishop of Dyrrhachium from 1768 to 1772, wrote there the Elbasan Gospel Manuscript, the oldest work of Albanian Orthodox literature; the manuscript is also notable for being the only document in the Albanian Elbasan sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shijon
Bradashesh is a village and a former municipality in the Elbasan County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Elbasan. The population at the 2011 census was 10,700. The municipal unit consists of the villages Bradashesh, Balez Lart, Balez Poshte, Kusarth, Kozan, Karakullak, Letan, Rrile, Shtemaj, Ulem, Katund i Ri, Fikas, Petresh, Shemhill, Shingjon, Recan and Gurabardhë. In the Antiquity, the Via Egnatia was crossing the area and a Roman settlement named Ad Quintum was located at the place of present Bradashesh. The city was probably founded in the period from the late second to early third century AD, and was populated until the 4th century. Today it is a well-preserved archaeological site with remarkable ruins of a Roman villa and a very fine example of a Roman bathhouse. References [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kostandin Shpataraku
Kostandin Shpataraku (; 17361767), also commonly known as Shpataraku, was an Albanian Orthodox icon and fresco painter of the Post-Byzantine period in the eighteenth century. He continued to combine Byzantine tradition with influences from the Renaissance. He is regarded as one of the most prominent figures of medieval Albanian art besides Onufri and David Selenica. Kostandin Shpataraku was born in the Shpat region within the surrounding region of Elbasan, which was at that time part of the Ottoman Empire. He was beheaded by the Ottomans in Elbasan whereby his family took his body and buried him in his village, head apart from the rest of the body, so the Ottomans could not find his exact grave. A small chapel was built subsequently to commemorate him. He is also commemorated as a saint by the locals on September 21. His art and legacy was distinguished by his miniatures by introducing elements from everyday life in visual art. His artistic work is represented by a collect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cultural Monuments Of Albania
Culture () is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups.Tylor, Edward. (1871). Primitive Culture. Vol 1. New York: J.P. Putnam's Son Culture is often originated from or attributed to a specific region or location. Humans acquire culture through the learning processes of enculturation and socialization, which is shown by the diversity of cultures across societies. A cultural norm codifies acceptable conduct in society; it serves as a guideline for behavior, dress, language, and demeanor in a situation, which serves as a template for expectations in a social group. Accepting only a monoculture in a social group can bear risks, just as a single species can wither in the face of environmental change, for lack of functional responses to the change. Thus in military culture, valor is counted a typic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Onufri
Onufri Argitis or Onoufrios of Neokastro or Onoufrios Argytes ( el, Ονούφριος) was a 16th century painter of Orthodox icons and Archpriest of Elbasan, active in the 16th century in modern-day southern Albania and in the south-western region of Macedonia (modern-day Kastoria, Macedonia, Greece). His works are characterized by post-Byzantine and Venetian influences. He also painted portraits, landscapes, and churches. Life Little is known with certainty about Onufri's life and his existence only emerged in the early 20th century. Regarding his birthplace only an inscription in the Holy Apostles church, near Kastoria has survived. Onufri is believed to have been born in the early 16th century either in the region of Berat (in today's Albania) or near Kastoria or Grevena (in today's northern Greece). The epithet ''Argitis'', which appears in a fresco near Kastoria may point to Argos as his place of birth, although as he used it only once it is regarded probable that it re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ardenica Monastery
The Monastery of the Nativity of the Theotokos in Ardenica ( sq, Manastiri Lindja e Hyjlindëses Mari,; or simply Ardenica Monastery ( sq, Manastiri i Ardenices) is an Eastern Orthodox monastery, located 18 kilometers south of Lushnjë, Albania, along the national road that links Lushnjë to Fier. Built by Byzantine Emperor, Andronikos II Palaiologos in 1282 after the victory against the Angevins in the siege of Berat, the monastery is famous as the place where, in 1451, was celebrated the marriage of Skanderbeg, the national hero of Albania, with Andronika Arianiti. In 1780 the Monastery started a theological school to prepare clerics in Greek Orthodoxy. It had an important library with 32,000 volumes that got completely burned by a fire in 1932. The Church of Saint Mary within the monastery contains frescos from brothers Kostandin and Athanas Zografi, notably one of saint John Kukuzelis, born in Durrës, Albania. History Scholars claim that the Byzantine Emperor, Andronikos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National History Museum (Albania)
The National History Museum ( sq, Muzeu Historik Kombëtar) is a historical museum in Tirana, Albania. It was opened on 28 October 1981 and is 27,000 square metres in size, while 18,000 square metres are available for expositions. Above the entrance of the museum is a large mural mosaic titled ''The Albanians'' that depicts purported ancient to modern figures from Albania's history. "In Tirana, Albania’s National History Museum, itself a product of Hoxha’s regime, reaches back to antiquity in a notable mural above the entrance, yet the central figure (a woman) is flanked by a worker and a partisan, making this ultimately a modern moment." The museum includes the following pavilions: the Pavilion of Antiquity, Middle Ages, Renaissance, Independence, Iconography, National Liberation Antifascist War, Communist Terror, and Mother Teresa. Pavilions Antiquity The Pavilion of Antiquity is the most important and one of the richest with objects in the National Historical Mus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Todhri Alphabet
The Todhri script is an 18th-century Albanian alphabetical writing system invented for writing the Albanian language by Theodhor Haxhifilipi, also known as Dhaskal Todhri. History It is a complex writing system of fifty-two characters which was used sporadically for written communication in and around Elbasan from the late eighteenth century on. The earliest dated text in Todhri's script is ''Radhua Hesapesh'' ( daybook) of a local merchant partnership known as Jakov Popa i Vogël dhe Shokët (Jakov Popa Junior and Friends). The entries in Todhri's script start on 10 August 1795 and continue until 1797. An even older text written in Todhri script was discovered recently in a family notebook in Elbasan, dated 1 January 1780. Other older texts possibly written by Todhri himself cannot be dated or confirmed. The Todhri script was rediscovered in Elbasan by Johann Georg von Hahn (1811–1869) who published it in 1854 his work Albanesische Studien in Jena. He thought it was 'the ori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elbasan Script
The Elbasan script is a mid 18th-century alphabetic script created for the Albanian language ''Elbasan Gospel Manuscript'', also known as the ''Anonimi i Elbasanit'' ("the Anonymous of Elbasan"), which is the only document written in it. The document was created at St. Jovan Vladimir's Church in central Albania, but is preserved today at the National Archives of Albania in Tirana. The script, like the manuscript, is named after the city of Elbasan, where it was invented, and although the manuscript isn't the oldest document written in Albanian, the script is the oldest out of seven known original scripts created for Albanian. Its 59 pages contain Biblical content written in a script of 40 letters, of which 35 frequently recur and 5 are rare. Letters Unicode The Elbasan script (U+10500–U+1052F) was added to the Unicode Standard in June 2014 with the release of version 7.0. Creation The Elbasan Gospel Manuscript The Elbasan Gospel Manuscript comes from the Ortho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elbasan Gospel Manuscript
The Elbasan Gospel Manuscript is an 18th-century collection of translations from the New Testament into Albanian. Although the author is mainly known as the Anonymous of Elbasan ( sq, Anonimi i Elbasanit), according to Mahir Domi and Robert Elsie the linguistic and historical evidences indicate to be the work of Gregory of Durrës. On the cover's verso with the same ink as the text, something has been written in a different script, which has been interpreted by a historian as ‘Theodoros Bogomilos / Papa Totasi’, although this tentative interpretation isn't universally accepted. For this reason the work is sometimes attributed to Totasi as the owner, if not the creator of the manuscript. The work is presumed to be the oldest work of Albanian Orthodox literature and the first Bible translation into Albanian. According to Elsie, the manuscript was created in 1761, soon before Gregory became the Metropolitan (archbishop) of the Archdiocese of Durrës (1762–1772). The archdioce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gregory Of Durrës
Gregory of Durrës ( sq, Gregori i Durrësit; el, Γρηγόριος ο Δυρραχίου, Grêgorios ho Dyrrakhíu; la, Gregorius Dyrrhachii; Gregory of Dyrrachium)Grigori is also recorded as Grigori Voskopojari ( Eng: Gregory of Voskopoja) (); Gregory the Printer; or Gregory Constantinidhi ( Greek: Gregorios Typografos) (). He has been confused with Gregory of Durrës throughout history, and may indeed be the same person. (or Gregory the Printer) (c. 1701–1772) was an Albanian scholar, printer, typographer, and teacher, and an Eastern Orthodox Christian monk and cleric of Ottoman Albania who is thought to have invented a particular Albanian alphabetic script, the Elbasan script, used to write the Elbasan Gospel Manuscript. The manuscript is one of the oldest known pieces of Albanian Orthodox literature, as well as the oldest known Orthodox Bible translation into Albanian. Early life Gregory was born around the end of the 17th century. He is firstly mentioned in 1720 w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archdiocese Of Dyrrhachium
In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop. History In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associated in a larger unit, the diocese (Latin ''dioecesis'', from the Greek term διοίκησις, meaning "administration"). Christianity was given legal status in 313 with the Edict of Milan. Churches began to organize themselves into dioceses based on the civil dioceses, not on the larger regional imperial districts. These dioceses were often smaller than the provinces. Christianity was declared the Empire's official religion by Theodosius I in 380. Constantine I in 318 gave litigants the right to have court cases transferred from the civil courts to the bishops. This situation must have hardly survived Julian, 361–363. Episcopal courts are not heard of again in the East until 398 and in the West in 408. The quality of these courts was lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Principality Of Albania (medieval)
The Principality of Albania ( Albanian: ''Principata e Arbërisë'') was an Albanian principality ruled by the Albanian dynasty of Thopia. One of the first notable rulers was Tanusio Thopia, who was Count of Mat since 1328. The principality changed hands between the Thopia dynasty and the Balsha dynasty, twice before 1392, when Durrës was annexed by the Republic of Venice. History One of the first notable rulers of the Thopia family was Tanusio Thopia; he was mentioned in 1329 as one of the counts of Albania. In an act of Robert, King of Naples, dated 15 April 1338, Tanusio was mentioned as Count of Matia (''conte di Matia''). This reconfirmed Thopia's relations to the Angevins from the time of Philip I. By 1340 the Thopia controlled much of the territory between the rivers Mati and Shkumbin rivers. Together with the Muzaka family, they agreed to recognize Angevin suzerainty after rebelling against the Serbs. However except for Andrea Muzaka who defeated the Serbs in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
