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Spiders Of New Zealand
New Zealand has an estimated 2,000 species of spiders, with over 1,100 species described scientifically. Over 90 per cent are endemism, endemic, with the approximately 70 non-endemic species being introduced through association with humans or by natural processes such as Ballooning (spider), ballooning. The New Zealand spider with the largest leg span is the Nelson cave spider (''Spelungula cavernicola''), with a leg span of up to and a body length. The flat huntsman spider (''Delena cancerides''), called the Avondale spider in New Zealand, was accidentally introduced from Australia in the early 1920s, possibly in shipments of hardwood logs used for railway sleepers. It is considered harmless to humans, and individuals have been collected for use in at least two films. Very few New Zealand spiders have bites that can cause significant injury to humans, and of these, only one – the katipō – is endemic. Katipō bites have been known to cause systemic effects, such as hype ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beach Katipo
A beach is a landform alongside a body of water which consists of loose particles. The particles composing a beach are typically made from Rock (geology), rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle beach, shingle, pebbles, etc., or biological sources, such as mollusc shells or coralline algae. Sediments settle in different densities and structures, depending on the local wave action and weather, creating different textures, colors and gradients or layers of material. Though some beaches form on inland freshwater locations such as lakes and rivers, most beaches are in coastal areas where wind wave, wave or Ocean current, current action deposition (geology), deposits and reworks sediments. Coastal erosion, Erosion and changing of beach geologies happens through natural processes, like wave action and Extreme weather, extreme weather events. Where wind conditions are correct, beaches can be backed by coastal dunes which offer protection and regeneration for the beach. However, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dolomedes Aquaticus
''Dolomedes aquaticus'' is a species of fishing spider that lives and hunts along the gravel banks of unforested New Zealand rivers. It prefer open riverbanks where it typically lives under rocks, usually less than 5 metres away from the river. Its colouring allows it to camouflage against river stones. Normally nocturnal, it will sit and wait for prey after dark, and can survive for short periods under the water. Taxonomy ''Dolomedes aquaticus'' was described in 1887 by Peter Goyen. Description Females have a total body length of 13–26 mm, whilst males are typically smaller at 11–18 mm. The fourth leg is the longest, about 36 mm in females and 33 mm in males. The cephalothorax is chocolate brown, with a supra-marginal band of yellow extending from the posterior slope to the anterior angle of the pars cephalica: falces, maxillæ, labium, and sternum chocolate-brown; legs and palpi, brown; abdomen above greenish-brown with two longitudinal rows of brown ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lamponidae
Lamponidae is a family of spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1893. It contains about 200 described species in 23 genera, most of which are endemic to Australia, with the genus ''Centrocalia'' endemic to New Caledonia, and two ''Lampona'' species (''L. cylindrata'', ''L. murina'') also occurring in New Zealand where they are commonly known as ' white-tailed spiders'. ''Lampona papua'' is endemic to New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; , fossilized , also known as Papua or historically ) is the List of islands by area, world's second-largest island, with an area of . Located in Melanesia in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is ..., where two otherwise Australian species (''Centrothele mutica'', ''Lamponova wau'') also occur. Genera The categorization into subfamilies follows Joel Hallan'Biology Catalog * Centrothelinae Platnick, 2000 :* '' Asadipus'' Simon, 1897 (Australia) :* '' Bigenditia'' Platnick, 2000 (Australia) :* '' Centrocalia'' Plat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hexathele Hochstetteri
''Hexathele hochstetteri'', commonly known as the banded tunnelweb spider, is a spider in the family Hexathelidae, found only in New Zealand. It is common on the North Island, and uncommon on the South Island. Description The banded tunnelweb spider (''Hexathele hochstetteri'') is among New Zealand's largest spiders, growing up to 20 mm in body length, and is endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ... to New Zealand. The easiest way to distinguish a banded tunnelweb spider is to look for the chevron design on its abdomen. The chevron pattern is described as being yellowish, whilst the rest of the abdomen is a darker brown colour. They also have an orange-brown carapace, and six spinnerets. It is these six spinnerets that ultimately distinguish ''Hexathele hoc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haurokoa
''Wiltonia'' is a genus of Polynesian araneomorph spiders in the family Orsolobidae, and was first described by Raymond Robert Forster & Norman I. Platnick in 1985. Species it contains nine species, found only in New Zealand New Zealand () is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and List of islands of New Zealand, over 600 smaller islands. It is the List of isla ...: *'' Wiltonia elongata'' Forster & Platnick, 1985 – New Zealand *'' Wiltonia eylesi'' Forster & Platnick, 1985 – New Zealand *'' Wiltonia fiordensis'' Forster & Platnick, 1985 – New Zealand *'' Wiltonia graminicola'' Forster & Platnick, 1985 ( type) – New Zealand *'' Wiltonia lima'' Forster & Platnick, 1985 – New Zealand *'' Wiltonia nelsonensis'' Forster & Platnick, 1985 – New Zealand *'' Wiltonia pecki'' Forster & Platnick, 1985 – New Zealand *'' Wiltonia porina'' Forster & Platnick, 1985 � ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gradungulidae
Gradungulidae, also known as large-clawed spiders, is a spider family endemic to Australia and New Zealand. They are medium to large-sized haplogyne spiders with three claws and two pairs of book-lungs similar to Mygalomorphae. Some species build extensive webs with an upper retreat tangle and connecting threads to scaffolding. This supports the ladder-like catching platform that is glued to the ground. '' Hickmania'', ''Progradungula'' (a large spider with long legs like ''Hickmania'',), and ''Macrogradungula'' are the only cribellate genera of the family. Species '' Gradungula'' Gertsch, 1958 * '' Gradungula sorenseni'' Forster, 1955 — New Zealand '' Hickmania'' Forster, 1955 * '' Hickmania troglodytes'' (Higgins & Petterd, 1883) — Tasmania '' Kaiya'' Gray, 1987 * '' Kaiya bemboka'' Gray, 1987 — New South Wales * '' Kaiya brindabella'' (Moran, 1985) — Australian Capital Territory * '' Kaiya parnabyi'' Gray, 1987 — Victoria * '' Kaiya terama'' Gray, 1987 (type spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gradungula
''Gradungula'' is a monotypic genus of South Pacific large-clawed spiders containing the single species, ''Gradungula sorenseni''. It is only found in New Zealand. __TOC__ Etymology The genus name is derived from Latin ' "step" and ' "claw", referring to the enlarged front leg claws of this species. These claws also occur in other species of the family Gradungulidae. The species name "''sorenseni''" is named after Jack Sorensen, the discoverer of the species. Taxonomy ''Gradungula sorenseni'' was first described by Raymond Robert Forster in 1955. Distribution ''Gradungula sorenseni'' is distributed in forests throughout the western South Island The South Island ( , 'the waters of Pounamu, Greenstone') is the largest of the three major islands of New Zealand by surface area, the others being the smaller but more populous North Island and Stewart Island. It is bordered to the north by ... and throughout Stewart Island. Forster, R. R., Platnick, N. I. & Gray, M. R. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cryptachaea Veruculata
''Cryptachaea veruculata'' is a spider native to Australia and New Zealand. It has been introduced into England and Belgium Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. Situated in a coastal lowland region known as the Low Countries, it is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeas ....Platnick 2009Yeates & Williams 2006 The species has potential to control spider mites and leafroller caterpillars in New Zealand. Description Females reach a body size of about 4 mm, males only about 1.5 mm. They sometimes build small webs in flowers and green vegetation, but will also build webs in corners of the outer walls of buildings. Taxonomy This species was moved from genus '' Achaearanea'' in 2008. Name Common names include Diamond Comb-footed Spider. In New Zealand, it is also known as just "cobweb spider". Gallery File:Cryptachaea veruculata (10388937144).jpg Notes References * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Celaenia
''Celaenia'' is a genus of South Pacific orb-weaver spiders first described by Tamerlan Thorell Tord Tamerlan Teodor Thorell (3 May 1830 – 22 December 1901) was a Sweden, Swedish arachnologist. Thorell studied spiders with Giacomo Doria at the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale de Genoa. He corresponded with other arachnologists, such as Oc ... in 1868. Species it contains eleven species: *'' Celaenia atkinsoni'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880) – Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand *'' Celaenia calotoides'' Rainbow, 1908 – Australia (New South Wales) *'' Celaenia distincta'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869) – Australia (New South Wales, Tasmania) *'' Celaenia dubia'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869) – Australia (New South Wales, Victoria) *'' Celaenia excavata'' (L. Koch, 1867) – Australia, New Zealand *'' Celaenia hectori'' (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1880) – New Zealand *'' Celaenia olivacea'' (Urquhart, 1885) – New Zealand *'' Celaenia penna'' (Urquhart, 1887) – New Zealand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sheetweb Spider
Stiphidiidae, also called sheetweb spiders, is a family of araneomorph spiders first described in 1917. Most species are medium size ('' Stiphidion facetum'' is about long) and speckled brown with long legs. All members of this family occur in New Zealand and Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ... except for '' Asmea''. They build a horizontal sheet-like web under rocks, hence the name "sheetweb spiders". Genera , the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera: *'' Aorangia'' Forster & Wilton, 1973 — New Zealand *'' Asmea'' Gray & Smith, 2008 — Papua New Guinea *'' Borrala'' Gray & Smith, 2004 — Australia *'' Carbinea'' Davies, 1999 — Australia *'' Couranga'' Gray & Smith, 2008 — Australia *'' Elleguna'' Gray & Smith, 2008 — Australia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cambridgea
''Cambridgea'' (common name New Zealand sheetweb spider, bush spider) is a spider genus in the family Desidae and some of the first endemic spiders described from New Zealand. They are known for constructing large horizontal sheet webs measuring up to a square metre in larger species. ''Cambridgea'' were originally assigned to the Agelenidae by Dalmas in 1917 but were reassigned to the Stiphidiidae in 1973. Most recently, both ''Cambridgea'' and sister genus ''Nanocambridgea'' were reassigned to the Desidae, subfamily Porteriinae on the basis of molecular evidence. Description ''Cambridgea'' are medium to large arboreal spiders, with body lengths ranging from approximately 6-10mm in the case of '' Cambridgea reinga'' to about 20mm in the case of '' Cambridgea foliata''. They have long legs and porrect chelicerae which are significantly longer in adult males compared to adult females. Male pedipalp Pedipalps (commonly shortened to palps or palpi) are the secondary pair o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anoteropsis
''Anoteropsis'' is a genus of wolf spiders. All the species except one are found in New Zealand and its islands. Their body size ranges from 4.2 to 17.4 mm. Species , the World Spider Catalog accepted the following extant species: *'' Anoteropsis adumbrata'' (Urquhart, 1887) – New Zealand (mainland, Stewart Is.) *'' Anoteropsis aerescens'' (Goyen, 1887) – New Zealand *'' Anoteropsis alpina'' Vink, 2002 – New Zealand *'' Anoteropsis arenivaga'' (Dalmas, 1917) – New Zealand *'' Anoteropsis blesti'' Vink, 2002 – New Zealand *'' Anoteropsis canescens'' (Goyen, 1887) – New Zealand *'' Anoteropsis cantuaria'' Vink, 2002 – New Zealand *'' Anoteropsis flavescens'' L. Koch, 1878 (type species) – New Zealand *'' Anoteropsis forsteri'' Vink, 2002 – New Zealand (mainland, Stewart Is.) *'' Anoteropsis hallae'' Vink, 2002 – New Zealand *'' Anoteropsis hilaris'' (L. Koch, 1877) – New Zealand (mainland, Stewart Is., Auckland Is.) *'' Anoteropsis insularis'' Vink, 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
