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Southern Romance Languages
The Southern Romance languages are a primary branch of the Romance languages. According to the classification of linguists such as Leonard (1980) and Agard (1984), the Southern Romance family is composed of Sardinian, Corsican, and the southern Lucanian dialects. This theory is far from universally supported. In fact, the majority of linguists classify Corsican, including Gallurese and Sassarese as its dialects, as part of Italo-Dalmatian and closely related to Tuscan or the centro-southern Italian dialects,Harris, Martin; Vincent, Nigel (1997), Romance Languages. London: Routlegde. because of the island's considerable degree of tuscanization during the Middle Ages, leaving Sardinian as the only remaining representative of the branch once the African Romance dialects had gone extinct, unless the southern Lucanian dialects are also classified as part of this branch, as they show some important traits in common with Sardinian. Classification Ethnologue and Glottolog, which sup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corsica
Corsica ( , , ; ; ) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the Regions of France, 18 regions of France. It is the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, fourth-largest island in the Mediterranean and lies southeast of the Metropolitan France#Hexagon, French mainland, west of the Italian Peninsula and immediately north of the Italian island of Sardinia, the nearest land mass. A single chain of mountains makes up two-thirds of the island. , it had a population of 355,528. The island is a Single territorial collectivity, territorial collectivity of France, and is expected to achieve "a form of autonomy" in the near future. The regional capital is Ajaccio. Although the region is divided into two administrative Departments of France, departments, Haute-Corse and Corse-du-Sud, their respective regional and departmental Territorial collectivity, territorial collectivities were merged on 1 January 2018 to form the single territorial collectivity of Corsica. Corsican aut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sassarese Language
Sassarese (natively or ; ) is an Italo-Dalmatian languages, Italo-Dalmatian language spoken in coastal areas of northeastern Sardinia, Italy. Closely related to Gallurese dialect, Gallurese and Corsican language, Corsican, it has its roots in medieval Tuscan dialect, Tuscan because of Sassari's historic ties with Tuscany and geographical proximity to Corsica, despite the robust Sardinian influences (in terms of vocabulary and phonology, as well as syntax). Due to its origins, Sassarese has several similarities to the Italian language. Sassarese is spoken by approximately 100,000 people, out of a total population of 175,000 in its area. Large Sassarese-speaking communities are present in Sassari, Stintino, Sorso, and Porto Torres. The Sassarese varieties transitioning to Gallurese, known as the ''Castellanesi'' dialects, can be heard in Castelsardo, Tergu, and Sedini. Sassarese emerged as an urban ''lingua franca'' in the late part of the Sardinian medieval kingdoms, age of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byzantine North Africa
Byzantine rule in North Africa spanned around 175 years. It began in the years 533/534 with the reconquest of territory formerly belonging to the Western Roman Empire by the Byzantine Empire, Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire under Justinian I and ended during the reign of Justinian II with the Battle of Carthage (698), conquest of Carthage (698) and the last Byzantine outposts, especially Ceuta, Septem (708/711), in the course of Muslim conquest of the Maghreb, Islamic expansion. The region's administrative structure was initially in line with the typical late Roman administrative structures that had been existing for the past 300 years. Civil powers were thus in the hands of a Praetorian prefect, the head of the supreme civil administrative authority in the Late Roman Empire. The military powers, however, were incumbent on a Magister militum per Africam. These powers were merged into single office from 591 at the latest, and East Roman North Africa became the heartland of one of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fall Of The Western Roman Empire
The fall of the Western Roman Empire, also called the fall of the Roman Empire or the fall of Rome, was the loss of central political control in the Western Roman Empire, a process in which the Empire failed to enforce its rule, and its vast territory was divided among several successor polities. The Roman Empire lost the strengths that had allowed it to exercise effective control over its Western provinces; modern historians posit factors including the effectiveness and numbers of the army, the health and numbers of the Roman population, the strength of the economy, the competence of the emperors, the internal struggles for power, the religious changes of the period, and the efficiency of the civil administration. Increasing pressure from invading peoples outside Roman culture also contributed greatly to the collapse. Climatic changes and both endemic and epidemic disease drove many of these immediate factors. The reasons for the collapse are major subjects of the hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Africans
The Roman Africans or African Romans () were the ancient populations of Roman North Africa that had a Romanized culture, some of whom spoke their own variety of Latin as a result. They existed from the Roman conquest until their language gradually faded out after the Arab conquest of North Africa in the Early Middle Ages (approximately the 8th century AD). Roman Africans lived in all the coastal cities of contemporary Tunisia, Western Libya, Eastern Algeria, as well as West Algeria and Northern Morocco, though in a more limited fashion, mainly concentrated in the coastal areas and large towns. The area between East Algeria and Western Libya became known under Arab rule as Ifriqiya, an Arabized version of the name of the Roman province of Africa. Many Roman Africans were generally local Berbers or Punics, but also the descendants of the populations that came directly from Rome and Roman Italy itself or the diverse regions of the Empire as legionaries and senators. Lang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Lucanian
The Lausberg area is a part of southern Italy, covering much of Basilicata and the northern edge of Calabria, where Neapolitan language, Southern Italian dialects are spoken that show vowel developments atypical of Italo-Dalmatian languages, Italo-Romance. The area is named after Heinrich Lausberg, who brought it to the attention of scholarship in 1939. Stressed vowel outcomes There are three main subdivisions, as can be seen on the map to the right. Romanian-like Dubbed the (“outpost”) by Lausberg, this area encompasses the towns of Castelmezzano, Potenza, and Picerno. Here the Latin vowel merged with , while merged with . The same asymmetric vowel development characterizes Eastern Romance languages, Balkan Romance languages such as Romanian language, Romanian. Transitional The western part of Lausberg's (“central area”) encompasses the towns of Lauria, Maratea, Scalea, Diamante, Calabria, Diamante, and Verbicaro. Here the majority of words show a stressed vow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Campidanese Sardinian
Campidanese Sardinian (, ) also known as Southern Sardinian () is one of the two written standards of the Sardinian language, which is often considered one of the most, if not the most conservative of all the Romance languages. The orthography is based on the spoken dialects of central southern Sardinia, identified by certain attributes which are not found, or found to a lesser degree, among the Sardinian dialects centered on the other written form, Logudorese. Its ISO 639-3 code is ''sro''. Traditionally the name ( in Italian) refers to the fertile area located around the towns of Guspini and Villacidro. Campidanese dialects can be found across the entire Province of Cagliari and not just the Province of Medio Campidano area. Campidanese also extends into parts of the Province of Nuoro, notably the Ogliastra area and in the southern half of the Province of Oristano, the capital included. However, it is at this point that the dialects merge into Logudorese. Subvariants Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logudorese Sardinian
Logudorese Sardinian (, ) is one of the two written standards of the Sardinian language, which is often considered one of the most, if not the most conservative of all Romance languages. The orthography is based on the spoken dialects of central northern Sardinia, identified by certain attributes which are not found, or found to a lesser degree, among the Sardinian dialects centered on the other written form, Campidanese. Its ISO 639-3 code is ''src''. Characteristics Latin and before , are not palatalized in Logudorese, in stark contrast with all other Romance languages. Compare Logudorese ' with Italian ' , Spanish ' and French ' . Like the other varieties of Sardinian, most subdialects of Logudorese also underwent lenition in the intervocalic plosives of --, --, and --/ (e.g. Lat. > "fire", > "shore, bank", > "wheel"). Finally, Logudorese shifts the Latin labiovelars and into medially and word-initially (Lat. > "tongue", > "what"). Logudorese is intell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the 5th to the late 15th centuries, similarly to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and transitioned into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages. Population decline, counterurbanisation, the collapse of centralised authority, invasions, and mass migrations of tribes, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The large-scale movements of the Migration Period, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and the Middle East—once part of the Byzantine Empire� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tuscan Dialect
Tuscan ( ; ) is a set of Italo-Dalmatian varieties of Romance spoken in Tuscany, Corsica, and Sardinia. Standard Italian is based on Tuscan, specifically on its Florentine dialect, and it became the language of culture throughout Italy because of the prestige of the works by Dante Alighieri, Petrarch, Giovanni Boccaccio, Niccolò Machiavelli, and Francesco Guicciardini. It later became the official language of all of the historic Italian states and then of the Kingdom of Italy when it was formed. Subdialects In '' De vulgari eloquentia'' ( 1300), Dante Alighieri distinguishes four main subdialects: ''fiorentino'' (Florence), ''senese'' (Siena), ''lucchese'' (Lucca) and ''aretino'' (Arezzo). Tuscan is a dialect complex composed of many local variants, with minor differences among them. The main subdivisions are between Northern Tuscan dialects, the Southern Tuscan dialects and Corsican. The Northern Tuscan dialects are (from east to west): * Fiorentino, the main ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Italo-Dalmatian Languages
The Italo-Dalmatian languages, or Central Romance languages, are a group of Romance languages spoken in Italy, Corsica (France), and formerly in Dalmatia (Croatia). Italo-Dalmatian can be split into:Hammarström, Harald & Forkel, Robert & Haspelmath, Martin & Nordhoff, Sebastian. 2014"Italo-Dalmatian" Glottolog 2.3 Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. *Italo-Romance, which includes most central and southern Italian languages. *Dalmatian Romance, which includes Dalmatian and Istriot. The generally accepted four branches of the Romance languages are Western Romance, Italo-Dalmatian, Sardinian and Eastern Romance. But there are other ways that the languages of Italo-Dalmatian can be classified in these branches: * Italo-Dalmatian is sometimes included in Eastern Romance (which includes Romanian), leading to: Western, Sardinian, and Eastern branches. * Italo-Dalmatian is sometimes included in Western Romance (which includes the Gallic and Iberian la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gallurese Dialect
Gallurese () is a Romance dialect of the Italo-Dalmatian family spoken in the region of Gallura, northeastern Sardinia. Gallurese is variously described as a distinct southern dialect of Corsican or transitional language of the dialect continuum between Corsican and Sardinian. "Gallurese International Day" () takes place each year in Palau (Sardinia) with the participation of orators from other areas, including Corsica. Gallurese is generally considered a southern Corsican dialect, sharing close resemblance in morphology and vocabulary with the dialects of Sartene and Porto-Vecchio on Corsica, whereas its phonology and syntax are similar to those of Sardinian. One third of Gallurese vocabulary is also influenced by Logudorese Sardinian, Catalan, and Spanish. The Sassarese language, spoken in the area of Sassari, shares similar transitional traits between Tuscan, Corsican and Sardinian but, in comparison with Gallurese, is definitely closer to the Logudorese dialects of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
