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Sora (text-to-video Model)
Sora is a text-to-video model developed by OpenAI. The model generates short video clips based on user prompts, and can also extend existing short videos. Sora was released publicly for ChatGPT Plus and ChatGPT Pro users in December 2024. History Several other text-to-video generating models had been created prior to Sora, including Meta's Make-A-Video, Runway's Gen-2, and Google's Lumiere, the last of which, is also still in its research phase. OpenAI, the company behind Sora, had released DALL·E 3, the third of its DALL-E text-to-image models, in September 2023. The team that developed Sora named it after the Japanese word for sky to signify its "limitless creative potential". On February 15, 2024, OpenAI first previewed Sora by releasing multiple clips of high-definition videos that it created, including an SUV driving down a mountain road, an animation of a "short fluffy monster" next to a candle, two people walking through Tokyo in the snow, and fake historical foota ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OpenAI
OpenAI is an artificial intelligence (AI) research laboratory consisting of the for-profit corporation OpenAI LP and its parent company, the non-profit OpenAI Inc. The company conducts research in the field of AI with the stated goal of promoting and developing friendly AI in a way that benefits humanity as a whole. The organization was founded in San Francisco in late 2015 by Sam Altman, Elon Musk, and others, who collectively pledged US$1 billion. Musk resigned from the board in February 2018 but remained a donor. In 2019, OpenAI LP received a 1 billion investment from Microsoft. OpenAI is headquartered at the Pioneer Building in Mission District, San Francisco. History In December 2015, Sam Altman, Elon Musk, Greg Brockman, Reid Hoffman, Jessica Livingston, Peter Thiel, Amazon Web Services (AWS), Infosys, and YC Research announced the formation of OpenAI and pledged over 1 billion to the venture. The organization stated it would "freely collabora ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sam Altman
Samuel H. Altman ( ; born April 22, 1985) is an American entrepreneur, investor, programmer, and blogger. He is the CEO of OpenAI and the former president of Y Combinator. Early life and education Altman grew up in St. Louis, Missouri; his mother is a dermatologist. He received his first computer at the age of 8. He was raised Jewish. He attended John Burroughs School for high school and studied computer science at Stanford University until dropping out in 2005. In 2017, he received an honorary degree from the University of Waterloo. Altman is gay, and has been out since his youth. Career Loopt In 2005, at age 19, Altman co-founded and became CEO of Loopt, a location-based social networking mobile application. After raising more than $30M in venture capital, Loopt was shut down in 2012 after failing to get traction. It was acquired by the Green Dot Corporation for $43.4 million. Y Combinator Altman began as a part-time partner at Y Combinator in 2011. In February 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Data Augmentation
Data augmentation in data analysis are techniques used to increase the amount of data by adding slightly modified copies of already existing data or newly created synthetic data from existing data. It acts as a regularizer and helps reduce overfitting when training a machine learning model. It is closely related to oversampling in data analysis. Synthetic oversampling techniques for traditional machine learning Data augmentation for image classification Introducing new synthetic images If a dataset is very small, then a version augmented with rotation and mirroring etc. may still not be enough for a given problem. Another solution is the sourcing of entirely new, synthetic images through various techniques, for example the use of generative adversarial networks to create new synthetic images for data augmentation. Additionally, image recognition algorithms show improvement when transferring from images rendered in virtual environments to real-world data. Data augmenta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transformer (deep Learning Architecture)
A transformer is a deep learning architecture developed by researchers at Google and based on the multi-head attention mechanism, proposed in a 2017 paper " Attention Is All You Need". Text is converted to numerical representations called tokens, and each token is converted into a vector via looking up from a word embedding table. At each layer, each token is then contextualized within the scope of the context window with other (unmasked) tokens via a parallel multi-head attention mechanism allowing the signal for key tokens to be amplified and less important tokens to be diminished. Transformers have the advantage of having no recurrent units, and therefore require less training time than earlier recurrent neural architectures (RNNs) such as long short-term memory (LSTM). Later variations have been widely adopted for training large language models (LLM) on large (language) datasets, such as the Wikipedia corpus and Common Crawl. Transformers were first developed as an impr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diffusion Model
In machine learning, diffusion models, also known as diffusion probabilistic models, are a class of latent variable models. They are Markov chains trained using variational inference. The goal of diffusion models is to learn the latent structure of a dataset by modeling the way in which data points diffuse through the latent space. In computer vision, this means that a neural network is trained to denoise images blurred with Gaussian noise by learning to reverse the diffusion process. Three examples of generic diffusion modeling frameworks used in computer vision are denoising diffusion probabilistic models, noise conditioned score networks, and stochastic differential equations. Diffusion models were introduced in 2015 with a motivation from non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Diffusion models can be applied to a variety of tasks, including image denoising, inpainting, super-resolution, and image generation. For example, an image generation model would start with a random noise image ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DALL-E 3
DALL-E (stylized as DALL·E) and DALL-E 2 are deep learning models developed by OpenAI to generate digital images from natural language descriptions, called "prompts". DALL-E was revealed by OpenAI in a blog post in January 2021, and uses a version of GPT-3 modified to generate images. In April 2022, OpenAI announced DALL-E 2, a successor designed to generate more realistic images at higher resolutions that "can combine concepts, attributes, and styles". OpenAI has not released source code for either model. On 20 July 2022, DALL-E 2 entered into a beta phase with invitations sent to 1 million waitlisted individuals; users can generate a certain number of images for free every month and may purchase more. Access had previously been restricted to pre-selected users for a research preview due to concerns about ethics and safety. On 28 September 2022, DALL-E 2 was opened to anyone and the waitlist requirement was removed. In early November 2022, OpenAI released DALL-E 2 as an API, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MIT Technology Review
''MIT Technology Review'' is a bimonthly magazine wholly owned by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and editorially independent of the university. It was founded in 1899 as ''The Technology Review'', and was re-launched without "The" in its name on April 23, 1998 under then publisher R. Bruce Journey. In September 2005, it was changed, under its then editor-in-chief and publisher, Jason Pontin, to a form resembling the historical magazine. Before the 1998 re-launch, the editor stated that "nothing will be left of the old magazine except the name." It was therefore necessary to distinguish between the modern and the historical ''Technology Review''. The historical magazine had been published by the MIT Alumni Association, was more closely aligned with the interests of MIT alumni, and had a more intellectual tone and much smaller public circulation. The magazine, billed from 1998 to 2005 as "MIT's Magazine of Innovation," and from 2005 onwards as simply "published by MIT" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adversarial Machine Learning
Adversarial machine learning is the study of the attacks on machine learning algorithms, and of the defenses against such attacks. A recent survey exposes the fact that practitioners report a dire need for better protecting machine learning systems in industrial applications. To understand, note that most machine learning techniques are mostly designed to work on specific problem sets, under the assumption that the training and test data are generated from the same statistical distribution ( IID). However, this assumption is often dangerously violated in practical high-stake applications, where users may intentionally supply fabricated data that violates the statistical assumption. Some of the most common threat models in adversarial machine learning include evasion attacks, data poisoning attacks, Byzantine attacks and model extraction. History In 2004, Nilesh Dalvi and others noted that linear classifiers used in spam filters could be defeated by simple "evasion attacks" as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red Team
A red team or team red are a group that plays the role of an enemy or competitor to provide security feedback from that perspective. Red teams are used in many fields, especially in cybersecurity, airport security, law enforcement, the military and intelligence agencies. Overview In military wargaming, the opposing force (or OPFOR) in a simulated conflict may be referred to as a red cell; this is an interchangeable term for red team. The key theme is that the adversary (red team) leverages tactics, techniques, and equipment as appropriate to emulate the desired actor. The red team challenges operational planning by playing the role of a mindful adversary. In United States wargaming simulations, the U.S. force is always the blue team, whereas the opposing force is always the red team. When applied to intelligence work, red-teaming is sometimes called alternative analysis. Cybersecurity In cybersecurity, a penetration test involves ethical hackers trying to break into a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Variety (magazine)
''Variety'' is an American media company owned by Penske Media Corporation. The company was founded by Sime Silverman in New York City in 1905 as a weekly newspaper reporting on theater and vaudeville. In 1933 it added ''Daily Variety'', based in Los Angeles, to cover the motion-picture industry. ''Variety.com'' features entertainment news, reviews, box office results, cover stories, videos, photo galleries and features, plus a credits database, production charts and calendar, with archive content dating back to 1905. History Foundation ''Variety'' has been published since December 16, 1905, when it was launched by Sime Silverman as a weekly periodical covering theater and vaudeville with its headquarters in New York City. Silverman had been fired by ''The Morning Telegraph'' in 1905 for panning an act which had taken out an advert for $50. As a result, he decided to start his own publication "that ouldnot be influenced by advertising." With a loan of $1,500 from his fa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artwashing
Artwashing describes the use of art and artists in a positive way to distract from or legitimize negative actions by an individual, organization, country, or government—especially in reference to gentrification. Etymology With a structure similar to terms such as greenwashing, pinkwashing, and purplewashing, it is a portmanteau A portmanteau word, or portmanteau (, ) is a blend of wordswhitewashing". The term was coined in the 2017 protests against gentrification in the Boyle Heights neighborhood of Los Angeles. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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