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Sons Of The South
The Sons of the South – SotS (Arabic: أبناء العرقوب transliterated ''Abna'a Al-Orkoub'') were a small and obscure Lebanese Christian terrorist faction based in southern Lebanon, active during the Lebanese Civil War. Activities 1983-1995 Allegedly funded and trained by the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) intelligence service (Hebrew: ''Aman''), and believed to be a mere cover for the Guardians of the Cedars (GoC) or the South Lebanon Army (SLA), the Sons of the South were formed in 1983 and usually operated in the Jabal Amel region close to the Israeli-controlled 'Security Zone'. The group emerged in July 1984, when they kidnapped Sheikh Mohammed Hassan Amin, a prominent Shi'ite cleric of Southern Lebanon whom the IDF accused of inciting guerrilla attacks on Israeli and SLA soldiers. Since this incident, the Sons of the South have not been held responsible for further terrorist attacks or kidnappings and it is believed that this group was disbanded around the mid-1990s, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston, 2011. Having emerged in the 1st century, it is named after the Arab people; the term "Arab" was initially used to describe those living in the Arabian Peninsula, as perceived by geographers from ancient Greece. Since the 7th century, Arabic has been characterized by diglossia, with an opposition between a standard prestige language—i.e., Literary Arabic: Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) or Classical Arabic—and diverse vernacular varieties, which serve as mother tongues. Colloquial dialects vary significantly from MSA, impeding mutual intelligibility. MSA is only acquired through formal education and is not spoken natively. It is the language of literature, official documents, and formal writ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shia Clergy
In Shi'a Islam the guidance of clergy and keeping such a structure holds a great importance. The clergy structure depends on the branch of Shi'ism is being referred to. Twelver Usooli and Akhbari Shia Twelver Muslims believe that the study of Islamic literature is a continual process, and is necessary for identifying all of God's laws. Twelver Shia Muslims believe that the process of finding God's laws from the available Islamic literature will facilitate in dealing with any circumstance. They believe that they can interpret the Qur'an and the Twelver Shi'a traditions with the same authority as their predecessors. This process of ijtihad has provided a means to deal with current issues from an Islamic perspective. Generally, clergy in Twelver Shi'a have exerted much more authority in their religious community than the Sunni ulema in theirs. Usooli Shia considering it obligatory to obey a mujtahid when seeking to determine Islamically correct behavior. They believe the 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Language
French ( or ) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. It descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire, as did all Romance languages. French evolved from Gallo-Romance, the Latin spoken in Gaul, and more specifically in Northern Gaul. Its closest relatives are the other langues d'oïl—languages historically spoken in northern France and in southern Belgium, which French (Francien) largely supplanted. French was also influenced by native Celtic languages of Northern Roman Gaul like Gallia Belgica and by the ( Germanic) Frankish language of the post-Roman Frankish invaders. Today, owing to France's past overseas expansion, there are numerous French-based creole languages, most notably Haitian Creole. A French-speaking person or nation may be referred to as Francophone in both English and French. French is an official language in 29 countries across multiple continents, most of which are members of the '' Organisation internationale de la Francopho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Fisk
Robert Fisk (12 July 194630 October 2020) was a writer and journalist who held British and Irish citizenship. He was critical of United States foreign policy in the Middle East, and the Israeli government's treatment of Palestinians. His stance earned him praise from many commentators, but was condemned by others. As an international correspondent, he covered the civil wars in Lebanon, Algeria, and Syria, the Iran–Iraq conflict, the wars in Bosnia and Kosovo, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the Islamic revolution in Iran, Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait, and the U.S. invasion, and occupation of Iraq. An Arabic speaker, he was among the few Western journalists to interview Osama bin Laden, which he did three times between 1993 and 1997. He began his journalistic career at the ''Newcastle Chronicle'' and then the ''Sunday Express''. From there, he went to work for ''The Times'' as a correspondent in Northern Ireland, Portugal and the Middle East; in the last ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edgar O'Ballance
Major Edgar “Paddy” O'Ballance (17 July 1918, Dublin, Ireland – 8 July 2009, Wakebridge, Derbyshire, England) was an Irish-born British military journalist, researcher, defence commentator and academic lecturer specialising in international relations and defence problems. He was emergency commissioned a Second Lieutenant from Sergeant in the Sherwood Foresters on 19 January 1941. As a temporary Major he was mentioned in dispatches for service in Palestine between 27 March and 30 June 1948. He served in the British army until 1948. In April 1953 he was commissioned into the Territorial Army as a captain, serving with the Sherwood Foresters. He was promoted major in March 1955. In June 1963 he transferred from the Sherwood Foresters to the General List. In July 1965 he was awarded the Territorial Efficiency Decoration. In 1968 he transferred from the General List (Territorial Army) to the General List (Regular Army Reserve of Officers) and having achieved the age li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Popular Revolutionary Resistance Organization
The Popular Revolutionary Resistance Organization – PRRO (Arabic: التنظيم الثوري للمقاومة الشعبية transliteration ''Al-Tanzim al-Thawri lil-Muqawama al-Sha'abiyah'') or Organisation de la Resistance Populaire Révolutionnaire (OPPR) in French, was a Phoenicist-oriented, anti-Syrian Lebanese Christian underground terrorist group that emerged in March 1987, being responsible for a single combined bomb-and-rocket attack on a West Beirut hotel. Four residing Syrian intelligence officials were wounded in the course of action, and although the group warned of forthcoming attacks, little was heard of them since. It has been suggested that the PRRO was simply a cover for the Lebanese Liberation Front or a splinter faction, but is now considered to be inactive. See also * Guardians of the Cedars * Lebanese civil war * Lebanese Forces (Militia) * Lebanese Liberation Front * Liberation Battalion * Sons of the South * Phoenicianism References *Edgar O'Ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberation Battalion
The Liberation Battalion – LB (Arabic: أفواج التحرير transliteration ''Afwaj al-Tahrir'') or Battalion de la Liberation (BL) in French was a small, shadowy terrorist organization dedicated to attacking Syrian Army forces in Lebanon during the mid-late 1980s. Origins Apparently a mixed Christian- Muslim group of unknown strength, it is believed that the Liberation Battalion was associated both with the larger Lebanese Islamic Resistance Movement – Hezbollah and the Christian Lebanese Forces militia (LF), but carried out its own actions independently. The Liberation Battalion released its manifesto soon after being formed in early October 1987, establishing their primary goal as an armed resistance movement to the perceived Syrian occupation of Lebanon. Other objectives included an end to sectarian violence and a negotiation towards terms of coexistence and mutual respect as well as complete independence from all foreign occupation or interference of any kind. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lebanese Liberation Front
The Lebanese Liberation Front (LLF; Arabic: جبهة التحرير اللبنانية transliterated as ''Jabhat al-Tahrir al-Lubnaniyya''; French: ''Front de Liberation Libanais'', ''FLL'') was an underground terrorist group of nationalist trend formed in February 1987. Activities 1987-1990 Also designated the Lebanese Liberation Organization (LLO; Arabic: ''Al-Tanzim al-Tahrir al-Lubnaniyya''; French: ''Organisation de Liberation Libanais'', ''OLL'') this mysterious organization appears to have combined a variety of grievances against Syria, Israel and United States policies over Lebanon. In the late 1980s the LLF/LLO was responsible for a series of guerrilla attacks directed against Syrian Army troops stationed in Lebanese territory and although their only single action carried outside the Middle East was in Canada, their motivations to attack a Canadian target and significance to the group's overall objectives remains unclear. The Lebanese Liberation Front ceased its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southern Lebanon
Southern Lebanon () is the area of Lebanon comprising the South Governorate and the Nabatiye Governorate. The two entities were divided from the same province in the early 1990s. The Rashaya and Western Beqaa Districts, the southernmost districts of the Beqaa Governorate, in Southern Lebanon are sometimes included. The main cities of the region are Sidon, Tyre, Jezzine and Nabatiyeh. The cazas of Bint Jbeil, Tyre, and Nabatieh in Southern Lebanon are known for their large Shi'a Muslim population with a minority of Christians. Sidon is predominantly Sunni, with the rest of the caza of Sidon having a Shi'a Muslim majority, with a considerable Christian minority, mainly Melkite Greek Catholics. The cazas of Jezzine and Marjeyoun have a Christian majority and also Shia Muslims. The villages of Ain Ebel, Debel, Qaouzah, and Rmaich are entirely Christian Maronite. The caza of Hasbaya has a Druze majority. History Free Lebanon State and South Lebanon security belt Sout ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammed Hassan Amin
Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monotheistic teachings of Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. He is believed to be the Seal of the Prophets within Islam. Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity, with the Quran as well as his teachings and practices forming the basis of Islamic religious belief. Muhammad was born approximately 570CE in Mecca. He was the son of Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Amina bint Wahb. His father Abdullah was the son of Quraysh tribal leader Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim, and he died a few months before Muhammad's birth. His mother Amina died when he was six, leaving Muhammad an orphan. He was raised under the care of his grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib, and paternal uncle, Abu Talib. In later years, he would periodically seclu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christianity In Lebanon
Christianity in Lebanon has a long and continuous history. Biblical Scriptures purport that Peter and Paul evangelized the Phoenicians, whom they affiliated to the ancient patriarchate of Antioch. The spread of Christianity in Lebanon was very slow where paganism persisted especially in the mountaintop strongholds of Mount Lebanon. A 2015 study estimates some 2,500 Lebanese Christians have Muslim ancestry, whereas the majority of Lebanese Christians are direct descendants of the original early Christians. The Maronite Catholics and the Druze founded modern Lebanon in the early eighteenth century, through a governing and social system known as the " Maronite-Druze dualism" in the Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate. Proportionally, Lebanon has the highest rate of Christians in the Middle East, where the percentage ranges between 34% and 40%, followed directly by Egypt and Syria at roughly 10%, and Jordan at 3 to 6%. Lebanon's displaced population and diaspora, estimated at 12 millio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
