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Son Of A Nobody
In ancient Assyrian sources, the phrase "son of a nobody" ( ''mār lā mamman'') is used to indicate a king of disreputable origins. Usurpers, lowborns, immoral rulers, and foreign kings were all commonly referred to as a “son of a nobody”.Karlsson, Mattias. “The Expression "Son of a Nobody" in Assyrian Royal Inscriptions.” (2016). The earliest instance of the phrase occurs in a fragmentary annal of Naram-Sin, who reigned in the 23rd century BCE, where it is used to deride the Gutian king Gula-AN.Westenholz, Joan Goodnick. "Chapter 9. The Great Revolt against Naram-Sin". Legends of the Kings of Akkade: The Texts, University Park, USA: Penn State University Press, pp. 221-262, 1997 Ashur-uballit I, who established the Middle Assyrian Empire in the 14th century BCE, used the term to describe a Kassite usurper installed by the army following the murder of the previous ruler, Kara-ḫardaš. The term found occasional usage in subsequent centuries, but became regularly used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assyria
Assyria (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: , ''māt Aššur'') was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization that existed as a city-state from the 21st century BC to the 14th century BC and eventually expanded into an empire from the 14th century BC to the 7th century BC. Spanning from the early Bronze Age to the late Iron Age, modern historians typically divide ancient Assyrian history into the Early Assyrian period, Early Assyrian ( 2600–2025 BC), Old Assyrian period, Old Assyrian ( 2025–1364 BC), Middle Assyrian Empire, Middle Assyrian ( 1363–912 BC), Neo-Assyrian Empire, Neo-Assyrian (911–609 BC), and Post-imperial Assyria, post-imperial (609 BC– AD 240) periods, based on political events and gradual changes in language. Assur, the first Assyrian capital, was founded 2600 BC, but there is no evidence that the city was independent until the collapse of the Third Dynasty of Ur, in the 21st century BC, when a line of independent kings starting with Puzur-Ashur I began rulin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gutian Rule In Mesopotamia
The Gutian dynasty ( Sumerian: , gu-ti-umKI) was a line of kings, originating among the Gutian people. Originally thought to be a horde that swept in and brought down Akkadian and Sumerian rule in Mesopotamia, the Gutians are now known to have been in the area for at least a century by then. By the end of the Akkadian period, the Sumerian city of Adab was occupied by the Gutians, who made it their capital.M. Molina, "The palace of Adab during the Sargonic period", D. Wicke (ed.), ''Der Palast im antiken und islamischen Orient, Colloquien der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft 9'', Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 2019, pp. 151-20 The Gutian Dynasty came to power in Mesopotamia near the end of the 3rd millennium BC, after the decline and fall of the Akkadian Empire. How long Gutian kings held rulership over Mesopotamia is uncertain, with estimates ranging from a few years up to a century. The end of the Gutian dynasty is marked by the accession of Uruk ruler Utu-hengal ( 2055–2048 BC), marking ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Near East
The ancient Near East was home to many cradles of civilization, spanning Mesopotamia, Egypt, Iran (or Persia), Anatolia and the Armenian highlands, the Levant, and the Arabian Peninsula. As such, the fields of ancient Near East studies and Near Eastern archaeology are one of the most prominent with regard to research in the realm of ancient history. Historically, the Near East denoted an area roughly encompassing the centre of West Asia, having been focused on the lands between Greece and Egypt in the west and Iran in the east. It therefore largely corresponds with the modern-day geopolitical concept of the Middle East. The history of the ancient Near East begins with the rise of Sumer in the 4th millennium BC, though the date that it ends is a subject of debate among scholars; the term covers the region's developments in the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, and is variously considered to end with either the establishment of the Achaemenid Empire in the 6th century BC, the establi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Mesopotamia
The Civilization of Mesopotamia ranges from the earliest human occupation in the Paleolithic period up to Late antiquity. This history is pieced together from evidence retrieved from archaeological excavations and, after the introduction of writing in the late 4th millennium BC, an increasing amount of historical sources. Mesopotamia has been home to many of the oldest major civilizations, entering history from the Early Bronze Age, for which reason it is often called a cradle of civilization. Short outline of Mesopotamia Mesopotamia (; ) means "Between the Rivers". The oldest known occurrence of the name Mesopotamia dates to the 4th century BC, when it was used to designate the area between the Euphrates and the Tigris. The name was presumably translated from a term already current in the area—probably in Aramaic—and apparently was understood to mean the land lying "between the (Euphrates and Tigris) rivers", now Iraq. Later and in the broader sense, the historical region ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mushezib-Marduk
Mushezib-Marduk (reigned 693 BC–689 BC), Chaldean prince chosen as King of Babylon after Nergal-ushezib. He led the Babylonian populace in revolt against Assyria and King Sennacherib in 689 BC, with the support of Elam and King Humban-nimena (who was attacked by the Babylonians and the Assyrians only years before), at the Battle of Halule. It is not clear who won this battle, since both sides claimed victory, and all rulers remained on their thrones, but as the Assyrians subsequently retreated, they are likely to have suffered the greatest losses.Jean-Jacques Glassner, ''Mesopotamian Chronicles'', Atlanta, 2004, p. 199. Mushezib-Marduk lost his ally when the Elamite king Humban-nimena suffered a stroke later that same year, an opportunity King Sennacherib quickly seized by attacking Babylon, and eventually capturing it after a nine-month siege. To avenge the death of his son, whom the Babylonians had effectively killed when they handed him over to the Elamites in 694 BC, Senna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rukibtu
Rukibtu ( ''ru-ú-kib-tu'') or Rukibti ( ''ru-kib-ti'') ORACC was a king of in the 8th century BC, when was a dependency of the . After his predecessor Mitinti I instigated an unsuccessful rebellion against the emperor Tiglath-Pileser III in Ashkelon, Rukibtu depos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hazael
Hazael (; ; Old Aramaic 𐤇𐤆𐤀𐤋 ''Ḥzʔl'') was a king of Aram-Damascus mentioned in the Bible. Under his reign, Aram-Damascus became an empire that ruled over large parts of contemporary Syria and Israel-Samaria. While he was likely born in the greater Damascus region of today, his place of birth is unknown, with both Bashan and the Beqaa Valley being favoured by different historians. In the Bible Hazael is first mentioned by name in . God tells Elijah the prophet to anoint Hazael king of Syria. Years after this, the Syrian king Ben-Hadad II, probably identical to the Hadadezer mentioned in the Tel Dan stele, was ill and sent his court official Hazael with gifts to Elijah's successor, Elisha. Elisha told Hazael to tell Hadadezer that he would recover and revealed to Hazael that the king would recover but would be assassinated. He also predicted that Hazael would commit atrocities against the Israelites. Hazael denies that he is capable of perpetrating such deeds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shuzigash
Burna-Buriaš II () was a Kassite king of Karduniaš (Babylon) in the Late Bronze Age, ca. 1359–1333 BC, where the Short and Middle chronologies have converged. The proverb "the time of checking the books is the shepherds' ordeal" was attributed to him in a letter to the later king Esarhaddon from his agent Mar-Issar. Reign Burna-Buriaš II (rendered in cuneiform as ''Bur-na-'' or ''Bur-ra-Bu-ri-ia-aš'', and meaning ''servant/protégé of the Lord of the lands'' in the Kassite language) is recorded as the 19th King to ascend the Kassite throne, he succeeded Kadašman-Enlil I, who was likely his father, and ruled for 27 years. International relations Egyptians Depending on synchronization with the "high" or "low" chronologies of Egypt, he was a contemporary of the Egyptian Pharaohs Amenhotep III, Akhenaten and Tutankhamen (low). The diplomatic correspondence between Burna-Buriaš and the pharaohs is preserved in nine of the Amarna letters, designated EA (for ''El Amarna' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi-Bugash
Burna-Buriaš II () was a Kassite king of Karduniaš (Babylon) in the Late Bronze Age, ca. 1359–1333 BC, where the Short and Middle chronologies have converged. The proverb "the time of checking the books is the shepherds' ordeal" was attributed to him in a letter to the later king Esarhaddon from his agent Mar-Issar. Reign Burna-Buriaš II (rendered in cuneiform as ''Bur-na-'' or ''Bur-ra-Bu-ri-ia-aš'', and meaning ''servant/protégé of the Lord of the lands'' in the Kassite language) is recorded as the 19th King to ascend the Kassite throne, he succeeded Kadašman-Enlil I, who was likely his father, and ruled for 27 years. International relations Egyptians Depending on synchronization with the "high" or "low" chronologies of Egypt, he was a contemporary of the Egyptian Pharaohs Amenhotep III, Akhenaten and Tutankhamen (low). The diplomatic correspondence between Burna-Buriaš and the pharaohs is preserved in nine of the Amarna letters, designated EA (for ''El Amarna'') ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lullaya
Lullaia or Lullaya, inscribed in cuneiform phonetically m''lu-ul-la-a-a'',''Khorsabad List'', IM 60017 (excavation nos.: DS 828, DS 32-54), ii 22.''SDAS List'', IM 60484, ii 19. a hypocoristic name, was the 53rd king of Assyria to be added to the Assyrian King List. He was a “ son of a nobody,” i.e. unrelated to a previous monarch, and reigned six years, from 1621–1616 BC, during a quiet and uneventful period in Assyrian history. Reade speculates that he may be identified with the earlier king, Aššūr-dugul, on the basis of their similar lengths of reign and lack of royal parentage. Chronological position He was the last in the sequence of kings omitted from the dissident Assyrian Kinglist known as KAV 14,''Assyrian Kinglist'' fragment VAT 9812 = KAV 14: 5. which otherwise provides the only extant sequence of Shamshi-Adad I’s later successors, Mut-Ashkur and Rimush. The Synchronistic Kinglist''Synchronistic Kinglist'', Ass 14616c (KAV 216), I 7’. gives his Babylon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adasi (Assyria)
Adasi was according to the ''Assyrian King List'' a usurper-king in Assyria during, or shortly after, the reign of the king Ashur-dugul and through his son Bel-bani the progenitor of the later Adaside dynasty. Because the name of Adasi and the other seven usurpers said to have vied for power against Ashur-dugul and each other do not appear in other sources and are suspiciously similar to the names of the eponyms An eponym is a noun after which or for which someone or something is, or is believed to be, named. Adjectives derived from the word ''eponym'' include ''eponymous'' and ''eponymic''. Eponyms are commonly used for time periods, places, innovati ... under Ashur-dugul's reign, modern scholars question whether Adasi and the others were kings or usurpers at all, and not simply generals and officials misattributed as kings by the scribes of the list. References 18th-century BC Assyrian kings {{Assyrian-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ashur-dugul
Aššūr-dugul, inscribed m''aš-šur-du-gul'', “Look to (the god) Aššur!”, was the king of Assyria probably during the 18th century BC, a period of confusion in Assyrian history. Reigning for six years, he was the 44th ruler to be listed on the ''Assyrian Kinglist'', and was designated by the list as a usurper succeeding the dynasty founded by Shamshi-Adad I. Reign He seized power in the aftermath of the overthrow of the dynasty first established by Šamši-Adad I, when native warlords jockeyed for power in the vacuum left by its demise. Šamši-Adad had been an Amorite who founded a brief, foreign dynasty which was apparently greatly resented by the locals. This resentment is attested by an alabaster slab inscription left by Puzur-Sîn, an otherwise unattested Assyrian monarch who had deposed the son of Asinum, descendant of Šamši-Adad. The ''Assyrian Kinglist''''Khorsabad Kinglist'', tablet IM 60017 (excavation nos.: DS 828, DS 32-54), ii 4–6.''SDAS Kinglist'', ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
