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Socialist Movement Of Kazakhstan
The Socialist Movement of Kazakhstan, previously known as the Socialist Resistance of Kazakhstan from 2006 to 2011, is a banned communist political organisation in Kazakhstan. It is active in a number of cities but operates primarily in Almaty. Originally the Kazakhstani section of the Trotskyist Committee for a Workers' International (1974), Committee for a Workers' International (CWI), the organisation has since moved away from Trotskyism and now participates in the Marxist–Leninist International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties (IMCWP). Prominent members of the Socialist Movement of Kazakhstan include Ainur Kurmanov and Esenbek Ukteshbayev, leaders of the independent Kazakhstani trade union who are currently living in exile. Along with other members of the Socialist Movement of Kazakhstan, both have faced Arbitrary arrest and detention, arbitrary detention by authorities and assassination attempts while living in Kazakhstan. History The Committee for a Workers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kazakh Language
Kazakh is a Turkic language of the Kipchak branch spoken in Central Asia by Kazakhs. It is closely related to Nogai, Kyrgyz and Karakalpak. It is the official language of Kazakhstan, and has official status in the Altai Republic of Russia. It is also a significant minority language in the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang, China, and in the Bayan-Ölgii Province of western Mongolia. The language is also spoken by many ethnic Kazakhs throughout the former Soviet Union (some 472,000 in Russia according to the 2010 Russian census), Germany, and Turkey. Like other Turkic languages, Kazakh is an agglutinative language and employs vowel harmony. Kazakh builds words by adding suffixes one after another to the word stem, with each suffix expressing only one unique meaning and following a fixed sequence. ''Ethnologue'' recognizes three mutually intelligible dialect groups: Northeastern Kazakh—the most widely spoken variety, which also serves as the basis for the o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arbitrary Arrest And Detention
Arbitrary arrest and detention is the arrest and detention of an individual in a case in which there is no likelihood or evidence that they committed a crime against legal statute, or in which there has been no proper due process of law or order. Arbitrary arrest and detention is similar to but legally distinct from wrongful detention, which is broader in scope and does not involve arrest. Background Virtually all individuals who are arbitrarily arrested are given no explanation as to why they are being arrested, and they are not shown any arrest warrant. Depending on the social context, many or the vast majority of arbitrarily arrested individuals may be held incommunicado and their whereabouts can be concealed from their family, associates, the public population and open trial courts. International law Arbitrarily depriving an individual of their liberty is prohibited under international human rights law. Article 9 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights decrees th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2022 Kazakhstani Protests
The 2022 Kazakh unrest, also known as January Events, Bloody January, or the January Tragedy, was a series of mass protests and civil unrest that began in Kazakhstan on 2 January 2022 after a sudden sharp increase in liquefied petroleum gas prices following the lifting of a government-enforced price cap on 1 January. The protests began peacefully in the oil-producing city of Zhanaozen and quickly spread to other cities in the country, especially the nation's largest city, Almaty, which saw its demonstrations turn into violent riots, fueled by rising dissatisfaction with the government and widespread poverty. During the week-long violent unrest and crackdowns, 227 people were killed and over 9,900 were arrested, according to Kazakh officials. Growing discontent with the government and former president Nursultan Nazarbayev, who remained the chairman of the Security Council of Kazakhstan, also influenced larger demonstrations. According to the government’s version of even ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhanaozen Massacre
The Zhanaozen massacre () took place in Kazakhstan's western Mangystau Region over the weekend of 16–17 December 2011. At least 14 protesters were killed by police in the oil town of Zhanaozen as they clashed with police on the country's Independence Day, with unrest spreading to other towns in the oil-rich ''oblys'', or region. According to Amnesty International, the massacre was a stark illustration of the country's poor human rights record under President Nursultan Nazarbayev. Zhanaozen Zhanaozen has been described as "a one-industry town... centered on the aging oilfield of Ozen". In May 2011, workers from the Ozenmunaigas oil field went on strike for unpaid danger money, higher wages and better working conditions. The strike was declared illegal by local courts and the state oil company fired nearly 1000 employees. Some of the sacked workers then started a round-the-clock occupation of the town square in protest, demanding better union representation and recognition of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nursultan Nazarbayev
Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev (born 6 July 1940) is a Kazakhstani politician who served as the first president of Kazakhstan from 1991 to 2019. He also held the special title of Elbasy from 2010 to 2022 and chairman of the Security Council of Kazakhstan, Security Council from 1991 to 2022. Nazarbayev’s political career began in the Soviet era, where he joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1962 while working as a steel factory worker. Rising through the party ranks, he became Prime Minister of Kazakhstan, Prime Minister of the Kazakh SSR in 1984 and First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan (Soviet Union), Communist Party of Kazakhstan in 1989. In 1990 Kazakh presidential election, 1990, the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, Supreme Soviet elected him as the president of Kazakhstan. Nazarbayev played a key role in navigating Kazakhstan through the dissolution of the Soviet Union, leading to the country's independence in 1991. In th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nur Otan
Amanat (; ; officially stylized in all caps), previously known as Nur Otan (; ), is a Ruling party, ruling List of political parties in Kazakhstan, political party of Kazakhstan and the largest political association in the country, with around 800,000 members as of 2023. The party holds a majority of seats in the Mäjilis, the lower house of Parliament of Kazakhstan, maintaining its dominant influence in the nation's legislature. Originally founded in 1999 as the Otan (), the party was formed through the merger of several pro-presidential groups, including the Union of People's Unity of Kazakhstan, People's Union of Kazakhstan Unity, the Liberal Movement of Kazakhstan, and the For Kazakhstan — 2030 Movement. In 2006, the party was renamed Nur Otan, and in 2022, it adopted the current name Amanat. Under the leadership of Nursultan Nazarbayev from its founding following the 1999 Kazakh presidential election, 1999 presidential election until 2022, Amanat became the ruling party o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhanaozen
Zhanaozen or Janaozen (; ), formerly known as Novy Uzen ( ) and known in English as New River City, is a city in the Mangystau Region of southwestern Kazakhstan located southeast of the city of Aktau. The name of the town means "new river" in Kazakh. Zhanaozen is a city of regional significance. It is completely surrounded by the territory of Karakiya District, but administratively does not belong to the district. It had a population of 147,962 in 2018; the census population in 2009 was 113,014, and that in 1999 had been 63,337. History The town of Zhanaozen was founded in 1964, after the opening of an oil field in Uzen. On 21 October 1968 Novy Uzen took the status of a settlement of town type, and since 20 March 1973 the status of a city of regional significance. June 1989 saw large disorders. Novy Uzen was renamed Zhanaozen in October 1993. 2011 oil strike In May 2011, workers from the Ozenmunaigas oil field went on strike over pay. The strike was declared illegal by loc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Election Commission (Kazakhstan)
The Central Election Commission of the Republic of Kazakhstan (CEC RK or CEC, , ҚР OSK; , ЦИК РК) is a state body in Kazakhstan, which heads the unified system of election commissions. History The OSK was originally formed on 22 September 1989 as the Central Election Commission for Elections and Recall of People's Deputies of the Kazakh SSR by the Resolution of the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR. It was consisted of 25 people. By the Decree of the President of Kazakhstan of No. 3205, the current Regulation on the Central Election Commission of the Republic of Kazakhstan was approved on 11 November 1996. In 2013, the OSK became a member of the Association of World Election Bodies. Functions In accordance with Article 12 of the Constitutional Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan from 28 September 1995 "On elections in the Republic of Kazakhstan", the OSK exercises control over the implementation of the legislation on elections in Kazakhstan; organizes the preparation a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Party
A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular area's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific political ideology, ideological or policy goals. Political parties have become a major part of the politics of almost every country, as modern party organizations developed and spread around the world over the last few centuries. Although List of countries without political parties, some countries have no political parties, this is extremely rare. Most countries have Multi-party system, several parties while others One-party state, only have one. Parties are important in the politics of autocracies as well as democracies, though usually Democracy, democracies have more political parties than autocracies. Autocracies often have a single party that Government, governs the country, and some political scientists consider competition between two or more parties to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electoral Reform
Electoral reform is a change in electoral systems that alters how public desires, usually expressed by cast votes, produce election results. Description Reforms can include changes to: * Voting systems, such as adoption of proportional representation, Single transferable voting,a two-round system (runoff voting), instant-runoff voting (alternative voting, ranked-choice voting, or preferential voting), Instant Round Robin Voting called Condorcet Voting, range voting, approval voting, citizen initiatives and referendums and recall elections. * Vote-counting procedures * Rules about political parties, typically changes to election laws * Eligibility to vote (including widening of the vote, enfranchisement and extension of suffrage to those of certain age, gender or race/ethnicity previously excluded) * How candidates and political parties are able to stand ( nomination rules) and how they are able to get their names onto ballots ( ballot access) * Electoral constituencies and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trade Unions
A trade union (British English) or labor union (American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers whose purpose is to maintain or improve the conditions of their employment, such as attaining better wages and Employee benefits, benefits, improving Work (human activity), working conditions, improving safety standards, establishing complaint procedures, developing rules governing status of employees (rules governing promotions, just-cause conditions for termination) and protecting and increasing the bargaining power of workers. Trade unions typically fund their head office and legal team functions through regularly imposed fees called ''union dues''. The union representatives in the workforce are usually made up of workplace volunteers who are often appointed by members through internal democratic elections. The trade union, through an elected leadership and bargaining committee, bargains with the employer on behalf of its members, known as t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argumenty I Fakty
(, commonly abbreviated "АиФ" and translated as ''Arguments and Facts'') is a weekly newspaper based in Moscow and a publishing house in Russia and worldwide. Since 2014, it has been owned by the Government of Moscow. History and profile It was founded in 1978 by the All-Union Organisation "Znanie" (Knowledge) and was published throughout the whole Soviet Union for lecturers, propagandists, political agitators. In 1980 ''AiF'' was transformed into a weekly but was available only by subscription. In late 1980s, it was one of the leading publications in the Glasnost period. AiF was listed in the Guinness Book of Records with the largest circulation of any weekly publication. In 1990 it had a print run of 33.5 million. With the fall of the Soviet Union, publication of it was discontinued in countries outside the Russian Federation Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
