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Sopade
Sopade (Social Democratic Party of Germany in exile (''Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands im Exil''), also written SoPaDe or SOPADE, ) was the name of the board of directors (''Vorstand'') of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (Social Democratic Party of Germany, SPD) in exile during Nazi Germany, National Socialism in Germany. It operated in Prague from 1933 to 1938, from 1938 to 1940 in Paris, and, until 1945, in London. The entire group of employees and followers were also sometimes called this. History After the occupation of the trade union houses by the Nazi Germany, Nazis on 2 May 1933, the party executive committee decided that some particularly endangered members of the board would immediately have to flee from the grasp of the Nazis. Otto Wels, Paul Hertz, Friedrich Stampfer, Erich Ollenhauer, and others were assigned to build up a foreign party structure in Prague. The Sopade broke with the remaining party executive committee in Berlin in mid-May 1933, two we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union Of German Socialist Organisations In Great Britain
The Union of German Socialist Organisations in Great Britain (German: ''Union deutscher sozialistischer Organisation in Großbritannien'') was the amalgamation of German socialist and social democratic oriented organisations of exiled Germans during World War II. Background and political positions The Union was founded on 6 March 1941Review of Eiber's work (PDF) ''Utopie kreativ'', Issue 109/110 (1999), pp. 189-191 after an earlier attempt at a cooperative organisation of exiled German socialists representing the various exiled parties failed. The member organisations of the Union were the Sopade, the exile organisation of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, Social Democratic Party, the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany, Socialist Workers' Party, the Internationaler Sozialistis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Democratic Party Of Germany
The Social Democratic Party of Germany ( , SPD ) is a social democratic political party in Germany. It is one of the major parties of contemporary Germany. Saskia Esken has been the party's leader since the 2019 leadership election together with Lars Klingbeil, who joined her in December 2021. After losing the 2025 federal election, the party is part of the Merz government as the junior coalition partner. The SPD is a member of 12 of the 16 German state governments and is a leading partner in seven of them. The SPD was founded in 1875 from a merger of smaller socialist parties, and grew rapidly after the lifting of Germany's repressive Anti-Socialist Laws in 1890 to become the largest socialist party in Western Europe until 1933. In 1891, it adopted its Marxist-influenced Erfurt Program, though in practice it was moderate and focused on building working-class organizations. In the 1912 federal election, the SPD won 34.8 percent of votes and became the largest party in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Wels
Otto Wels (15 September 1873 – 16 September 1939) was a German politician who served as a member of the Reichstag from 1912 to 1933 and as the chairman of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) from 1919 until his death in 1939. He was military commander of Berlin in the turbulent early days of the German Revolution of 1918–1919, and during the 1920 Kapp Putsch he was instrumental in organizing the general strike that helped defeat the anti-republican putschists. Near the end of the Weimar Republic's life, however, he saw the futility of calling a general strike against the 1932 Prussian coup d'état because of the mass unemployment of the Great Depression. His 1933 speech in the Reichstag in opposition to Adolf Hitler and the Enabling Act marked the end of the Weimar Republic prior to the Act becoming law. After passage of the Act effectively gave Hitler dictatorial power, Wels fled the country and established the SPD exile organization Sopade. He died in Paris in 1939, two we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Löbe
Paul Gustav Emil Löbe (14 December 1875 – 3 August 1967) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), a member and president of the Reichstag (Weimar Republic), Reichstag of the Weimar Republic, and member of the Bundestag of West Germany. He died in Bonn in 1967. Childhood through World War I Paul Löbe was the first of four children born to the carpenter Heinrich Löbe (1843–1898) and his wife Pauline, née Leuschner (1852–1947) in Liegnitz (since 1945 Legnica in Poland) in the Kingdom of Prussia, Prussian province of Silesia. As a child he contributed to the family's income as an errand boy delivering newspapers and bread rolls. From his father he developed his political interests in workers' causes. Between 1882 and 1890 he attended elementary school in Liegnitz and then from 1890 to 1895 completed an apprenticeship as a typesetter at the plant where the newspaper was printed. He had wanted to become a teacher, but the family lacked the m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rudolf Hilferding
Rudolf Hilferding (; 10 August 1877 – 11 February 1941) was an Austrian-born Marxist economist, Socialism, socialist theorist,International Institute of Social History, ''Rudolf Hilferding Papers'': http://www.iisg.nl/archives/en/files/h/10751012.php politician and the chief theoretician for the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) during the Weimar Republic,William Smaldone, Smaldone, William, ''Rudolf Hilferding and the total state'', 1994: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-15867926.html being almost universally recognized as the SPD's foremost theoretician of the twentieth century. He was also a physician. He was born in Vienna, where he received a doctorate having studied medicine. After becoming a leading journalist for the SPD, he participated in the German Revolution of 1918–19, November Revolution in Germany and was List of German finance ministers, Finance Minister of Germany in 1923 and from 1928 to 1929. In 1933 he fled into exile, living in Zurich and then ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prague Manifesto (SPD)
The Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (, ', abbreviated as , ') was composed of military and civilian collaborators with Nazi Germany from territories of the Soviet Union, most of them being ethnic Russians, and was the political authority of the Russian anti-Soviet movement aligned with the Axis powers. It was founded by General Andrey Vlasov on 14 November 1944, in Prague, occupied Czechoslovakia, which was purposely chosen because it was a Slavic city that was still under Axis control. Vlasov had received the permission to establish the committee from ''Reichsführer-SS'' Heinrich Himmler. The goals of the committee were embodied in a document known as the Prague Manifesto. The manifesto's fourteen points guaranteed the freedom of speech, press, religion, and assembly, as well as a right to self-determination of any ethnic group living in territories belonging to Russia; based on the right to self-determination, the Vlasovites planned to dissolve the Sov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organizations Disestablished In 1945
An organization or organisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences) is an entity—such as a company, or corporation or an institution (formal organization), or an association—comprising one or more people and having a particular purpose. Organizations may also operate secretly or illegally in the case of secret societies, criminal organizations, and resistance movements. And in some cases may have obstacles from other organizations (e.g.: MLK's organization). What makes an organization recognized by the government is either filling out incorporation or recognition in the form of either societal pressure (e.g.: Advocacy group), causing concerns (e.g.: Resistance movement) or being considered the spokesperson of a group of people subject to negotiation (e.g.: the Polisario Front being recognized as the sole representative of the Sahrawi people and forming a partially recognized state.) Compare the concept of social groups, which may include non-organiza ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diaspora Organizations Of Political Parties
A diaspora ( ) is a population that is scattered across regions which are separate from its geographic place of origin. The word is used in reference to people who identify with a specific geographic location, but currently reside elsewhere. Notable diasporic populations include the Jewish Diaspora formed after the Babylonian exile; Assyrian diaspora following the Assyrian genocide; Greeks that fled or were displaced following the fall of Constantinople and the later Greek genocide as well as the Istanbul pogroms; the emigration of Anglo-Saxons (primarily to the Byzantine Empire) after the Norman Conquest of England; the southern Chinese and South Asians who left their homelands during the 19th and 20th centuries; the Irish diaspora after the Great Famine; the Scottish diaspora that developed on a large scale after the Highland and Lowland Clearances; Romani from the Indian subcontinent; the Italian diaspora, the Mexican diaspora; the Circassian diaspora in the aftermath of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friedrich Ebert Foundation
The Friedrich Ebert Foundation (''German: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung e.V.; Abbreviation: FES'') is a German political party foundation associated with, but independent from, the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). Established in 1925 as the political legacy of Friedrich Ebert, Germany's first president, it is the largest and oldest of the German party-associated foundations. It is headquartered in Bonn and Berlin, and has offices and projects in over 100 countries. It is Germany's oldest organisation to promote democracy, political education, and promote students of outstanding intellectual abilities and personality. History The FES was named after Friedrich Ebert (1871–1925), the Social Democratic President of Germany, 1919–1925. In his will, he specified that the proceeds from donations at his funeral should be used to create a foundation. The SPD chairman at the time, , was given the responsibility of building this foundation, which he did a few days after Ebert's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ernst Schumacher (politician)
Ernst Schumacher may refer to: * E. F. Schumacher Ernst Friedrich Schumacher (16 August 1911 – 4 September 1977) was a German-born British statistician and economist who is best known for his proposals for human-scale, decentralised and appropriate technologies.Biography on the inner dust ..., German-born British statistician and economist * Ernst Schumacher (theater), German theater expert, theater and literary critic {{hndis, Schumacher, Ernst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erich Rinner
The given name Eric, Erich, Erikk, Erik, Erick, Eirik, or Eiríkur is derived from the Old Norse name ''Eiríkr'' (or ''Eríkr'' in Old East Norse due to monophthongization). The first element, ''ei-'' may be derived from the older Proto-Norse ''* aina(z)'', meaning "one, alone, unique", ''as in the form'' ''Æ∆inrikr'' explicitly, but it could also be from ''* aiwa(z)'' "everlasting, eternity", as in the Gothic form ''Euric''. The second element ''- ríkr'' stems either from Proto-Germanic ''* ríks'' "king, ruler" (cf. Gothic ''reiks'') or the therefrom derived ''* ríkijaz'' "kingly, powerful, rich, prince"; from the common Proto-Indo-European root * h₃rḗǵs. The name is thus usually taken to mean "sole ruler, autocrat" or "eternal ruler, ever powerful". ''Eric'' used in the sense of a proper noun meaning "one ruler" may be the origin of '' Eriksgata'', and if so it would have meant "one ruler's journey". The tour was the medieval Swedish king's journey, when newly e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
