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Sljeme Mountain
Medvednica (, ) is a mountain in central Croatia, just north of Zagreb, and marking the southern border of the historic region of Zagorje. Most of it is encompassed by the Medvednica Nature Park. The highest peak, at is Sljeme. Most of the area of Medvednica is a nature park (''park prirode''), a type of preservation lesser than a national park. During the Miocene and the Pliocene, the mountain was an island within the Pannonian Sea. Together with the surrounding hills, it is known as Zagrebačka gora or the "Zagreb Mountains", as well as Bistranjska gora, Markuševačka gora, Stubička gora and Vrabečka gora. Etymology The name Medvednica could be translated as "bear mountain". There are several other toponyms on the mountain using the Kajkavian dialect term ''medved'' 'bear' (compare Standard ), most notably Medvedgrad, a medieval castle on its southwestern edges. Sljeme (; Kajkavian: ''Sleme'') means ''summit'', and it is a name often used metonymically to refer to the ent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Croatia
Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a country in Central Europe, Central and Southeast Europe, on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia to the northwest, Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Italy to the west. Its capital and largest city, Zagreb, forms one of the country's Administrative divisions of Croatia, primary subdivisions, with Counties of Croatia, twenty counties. Other major urban centers include Split, Croatia, Split, Rijeka and Osijek. The country spans , and has a population of nearly 3.9 million. The Croats arrived in modern-day Croatia, then part of Illyria, Roman Illyria, in the late 6th century. By the 7th century, they had organized the territory into Duchy of Croatia, two duchies. Croatia was first internationally recognized as independent on 7 June 879 during the reign of Duke Branimir of Croatia, Branimir. Tomislav of Croatia, Tomis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tortonian
The Tortonian is in the geologic time scale an age or stage of the late Miocene that spans the time between 11.608 ± 0.005 Ma and 7.246 ± 0.005 Ma (million years ago). It follows the Serravallian and is followed by the Messinian. The Tortonian roughly overlaps with the regional Pannonian Stage of the Paratethys timescale of Central Europe. It also overlaps the upper Astaracian, Vallesian and lower Turolian European land mammal ages, the upper Clarendonian and lower Hemphillian North American land mammal ages and the upper Chasicoan and lower Huayquerian South American land mammal ages. Definition The Tortonian was introduced by Swiss stratigrapher Karl Mayer-Eymar in 1858. It was named after the Italian city of Tortona in the Piedmont region. The base of the Tortonian Stage is at the last common appearance of calcareous nanoplankton '' Discoaster kugleri'' and planktonic foram '' Globigerinoides subquadratus''. It is also associated with the short normal pol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Velebitaška Jama
Velebitaška jama, also known as Batinova jama or Jama na Jazbinjaku, is the deepest pit cave and second deepest cave on the Medvednica Medvednica (, ) is a mountain in central Croatia, just north of Zagreb, and marking the southern border of the historic region of Zagorje. Most of it is encompassed by the Medvednica Nature Park. The highest peak, at is Sljeme. Most of the are ... massif behind Veternica (cave), Veternica, at 45 m, at one point the deepest. It is located in an area with many pit caves, but is one of the largest among these, with a complex horizontal and vertical morphology that brings the total length of the cave to 95 m. It has been described as the "most significant" pit cave on its massif. The cave is under special protection, and is closed to the public. Description The entrance to the cave is at 417 m above sea level, and its deepest point at 372 m above sea level. The entrance is narrow, at only 1×1 m, widening after 4 m, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Javornica Kod Bizeka
Javornica kod Bizeka is the second longest cave on the Medvednica massif, at 330 m or 306 m, depending on the method of measurement. It is adjacent to the ''Bizek'' rock quarry, which endangered and partly destroyed it. Etymology The name "Javornica" derives was given to it in commemoration of the ''Planinarsko društvo'' "Javor" mountaineering society, from which most of its first explorers had come, although by that time they were members of the ''PDS "Velebit"''. Description The entrance to the cave is at 306 m above sea level through a 14 m deep pit. The entrance pit leads into a roughly 10×20 m chamber up to 5 m high with a sloped floor covered in stone blocks that have fallen from the roof over geological time, in which fossils can be found. The most represented fossils are '' Pecten'' species. In the center of the chamber are two white stalagmites, and on the roof in places a number of brown and white stalactites. The total elevation dif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Veternica (cave)
Veternica is a cave located on Medvednica mountain in Zagreb, Croatia. At long, it is the longest known cave on its massif, and an estimated 6 km or more remain unexplored. In the 1960s, it briefly became the longest cave in Croatia. The first is available to visitors. In 2019, it had 5787 visitors. It is an archeological site where remains of several kinds of prehistoric animals as well as humans have been found. The cave has been protected by law since 7 July 1979, with registration as a Natural Monument on 11 July of that year. Etymology The name ''Vetrenica'' is a Kajkavian -en-adjective formed from the reflex of Proto-Slavic větrъ "wind", to which the denominal suffix -ica has been added. It is named for the wind that comes from the lower entrance of a cave as a result of temperature differences, except in the winter. Specifically in caves with two or more entrances and a significant difference in elevation between them. The upper entrance in this case seems to be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solutional Cave
A solutional cave, solution cave, or karst cave is a cave usually formed in a soluble rock like limestone (Calcium carbonate, with chemical formula ''CaCO3''). It is the most frequently occurring type of cave. It can also form in other rocks, including chalk, Dolomite (rock), dolomite, marble, Evaporite, salt beds, and gypsum. Process Bedrock is dissolved by carbonic acid in rainwater, groundwater, or Humic substance, humic acids from decaying vegetation, that seeps through Bed (geology), bedding planes, Geological fault, faults, Joint (geology), joints, and the like. Over time, the surface terrain breaks up into Limestone pavement, clints separated by grikes and punctuated by Sinkhole, sinkholes into which streams may disappear, crevices expand as the walls are dissolved to become caves or cave system. These may turn into large caverns or ''dolines'' when the roof collapses. The portions of a solutional cave that are below the water table or the local level of the groundwater a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Velika Peć Na Rogu
Velika peć na Rogu, also known as Velika peć na Lipi or Topla peć, is a cave on Zagrebačka gora. Along with Šupljasta pećina, it has one of the largest openings on the mountain, and has been described as its "most imposing entrance". It is also currently its 9th longest by horizontal passage length. It is far removed from most other caves on Zagrebačka gora, and situated in an older layer than most other caves thereon. It is also situated at a higher elevation than most, and about as the crow flies from the peak of Rog na Lipi (). The total length of the cave is , with an internal vertical difference of . Etymology The name ''Velika peć'', sometimes written in its Kajkavian form ''Velika peč'', means "Large Cave". The need to distinguish it from caves with the same name led some sources to append the epithet ''na Rogu'', meaning "on Rog". The name ''Topla peć'', sometimes written in its Kajkavian form ''Topla peč'', means "Warm Cave". Sometimes the name is given with th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dolomite (rock)
Dolomite (also known as dolomite rock, dolostone or dolomitic rock) is a sedimentary rock, sedimentary carbonate rock that contains a high percentage of the mineral Dolomite (mineral), dolomite, CaMg(CO3)2. It occurs widely, often in association with limestone and evaporites, though it is less abundant than limestone and rare in Cenozoic rock beds (beds less than about 66 million years in age). One of the first geologists to distinguish dolomite from limestone was Déodat Gratet de Dolomieu, a French mineralogist and geologist after whom it is named. He recognized and described the distinct characteristics of dolomite in the late 18th century, differentiating it from limestone. Most dolomite was formed as a magnesium replacement of limestone or of Lime (mineral), lime mud before lithification. The geological process of conversion of calcite to dolomite is known as dolomitization and any intermediate product is known as dolomitic limestone. The "dolomite problem" refers to the v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carboniferous
The Carboniferous ( ) is a Geologic time scale, geologic period and System (stratigraphy), system of the Paleozoic era (geology), era that spans 60 million years, from the end of the Devonian Period Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the Permian Period, Ma. It is the fifth and penultimate period of the Paleozoic era and the fifth period of the Phanerozoic eon (geology), eon. In North America, the Carboniferous is often treated as two separate geological periods, the earlier Mississippian (geology), Mississippian and the later Pennsylvanian (geology), Pennsylvanian. The name ''Carboniferous'' means "coal-bearing", from the Latin ("coal") and ("bear, carry"), and refers to the many coal beds formed globally during that time. The first of the modern "system" names, it was coined by geologists William Conybeare (geologist), William Conybeare and William Phillips (geologist), William Phillips in 1822, based on a study of the British rock succession. Carboniferous is the per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithothamnion
''Lithothamnion'' is a genus of thalloid red alga comprising 103 species. Its members are known by a number of common names.Recorded common names are griuán, maërl, punalevä-suku, stenhinna and maerl. The monomerous, crustose thalli are composed of a single system of filaments which grow close to the underlying surface. ''Lithothamnion'' reproduces by means of multiporate conceptacles. Species The valid species currently considered to belong to this genus are: *''L. album'' *''L. antarcticum'' *''L. apiculatum'' *''L. asperulatum'' *''L. aucklandicum'' *''L. australe'' *''L. brasiliense'' *''L. breviaxe'' *''L. calcareum'' *''L. californicum'' *''L. capense'' *''L. carolii'' *''L. chathamense'' *''L. circumscriptum'' *''L. colliculosum'' *''L. corallioides'' *''L. coralloides'' *''L. cottonii'' *''L. coulmanicum'' *''L. crispatum'' *''L. dehiscens'' *''L. diguetii' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
