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Slavery In Tunisia
Slavery in Tunisia was a specific manifestation of the Arab slave trade, which was abolished on 23 January 1846 by Ahmed I Bey. Tunisia was in a similar position to that of Algeria, with a geographic position which linked it the main Trans-Saharan routes. It received caravans from Fezzan and Ghadamès, which consisted solely, in the eighteenth century, of gold powder and slaves, according to contemporary witnesses. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, slaves arrived annually in numbers ranging between 500 and 1,200. From Tunisia they were carried on to the ports of the Levant. Origins Tunisian slaves derived from two principal zones: Europe and a large area stretching from West Africa to Lake Chad. The kingdoms of Bornu and the region of Fezzan provided the majority of caravans. The greater part of the slaves were reduced to slavery in local wars between rival tribes or in abduction raids. Caravan routes from many Saharan centres terminated at Tunis. In addition to G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abolition Of Slavery In Tunisia 1846
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Abolition refers to the act of putting an end to something by law, and may refer to: *Abolitionism, abolition of slavery *Abolition of the death penalty, also called capital punishment *Abolition of monarchy *Abolition of nuclear weapons *Abolition of prisons *Police abolition movement *Abolition of suffering *Abolitionism (animal rights), related to veganism *Abolition of time zones * Abolition of borders See also * *Abolition of slavery timeline *Abolitionism (other) Abolitionism is the movement to end human slavery. Abolitionism may also refer to: * Abolitionism (animal rights), a movement to end the property status of animals * Abolitionism (copyright/patent), a movement to abolish state granted monopolies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islam
Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God (or ''Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the main and final Islamic prophet.Peters, F. E. 2009. "Allāh." In , edited by J. L. Esposito. Oxford: Oxford University Press. . (See alsoquick reference) " e Muslims' understanding of Allāh is based...on the Qurʿān's public witness. Allāh is Unique, the Creator, Sovereign, and Judge of mankind. It is Allāh who directs the universe through his direct action on nature and who has guided human history through his prophets, Abraham, with whom he made his covenant, Moses/Moosa, Jesus/Eesa, and Muḥammad, through all of whom he founded his chosen communities, the 'Peoples of the Book.'" It is the world's second-largest religion behind Christianity, with its followers ranging between 1-1.8 billion globally, or around a quarter of the world' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maison Esclaves
Maison (French for "house") may refer to: People * Edna Maison (1892–1946), American silent-film actress * Jérémy Maison (born 1993), French cyclist * Leonard Maison, New York state senator 1834–1837 * Nicolas Joseph Maison (1771–1840), Marshal of France and Minister of War * René Maison (1895–1962), Belgian operatic tenor * Rudolf Maison (1854–1904), German sculptor * Maison-Feyne, a commune in the Creuse department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine * Maison-Maugis, a former commune in the Orne department, Normandy * Maison-Ponthieu * Maison-Roland, a commune in the Somme department, Hauts-de-France * Maison-Rouge, a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department, Île-de-France Music Songs * "Maison", by Dreamcatcher from '' Apocalypse: Save Us'' See also * Valérie Grand'Maison (born 1988), Canadian Paralympic swimmer * Zoé De Grand Maison (born 1995), Canadian actress * Maisons (other) * Mason (other) Mason may refer to: Occupations * Mason, brick mason, o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confraternity
A confraternity ( es, cofradía; pt, confraria) is generally a Christian voluntary association of laypeople created for the purpose of promoting special works of Christian charity or piety, and approved by the Church hierarchy. They are most common among Roman Catholics, Anglicans, Lutherans and the Western Orthodox. When a Catholic confraternity has received the authority to aggregate to itself groups erected in other localities, it is called an archconfraternity. Examples include the various confraternities of penitents and the confraternities of the cord, as well as the Confraternity of the Rosary. History Pious associations of laymen existed in very ancient times at Constantinople and Alexandria. In France, in the eighth and ninth centuries, the laws of the Carlovingians mention confraternities and guilds. But the first confraternity in the modern and proper sense of the word is said to have been founded at Paris by Bishop Odo (d.1208). It was under the invocation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eunuch
A eunuch ( ) is a male who has been castration, castrated. Throughout history, castration often served a specific social function. The earliest records for intentional castration to produce eunuchs are from the Sumerian city of Lagash in the 2nd millennium BCE. Over the millennia since, they have performed a wide variety of functions in many different cultures: courtiers or equivalent Domestic worker, domestics, for espionage or clandestine operations, Castrato, castrato singers, concubines, or sexual partners, religious specialists, soldiers, royal guards, government officials, and guardians of women or harem servants. Eunuchs would usually be servants or slavery, slaves who had been castrated to make them less threatening servants of a royal court where physical access to the ruler could wield great influence. Seemingly lowly domestic functions—such as making the ruler's bed, bathing him, cutting his hair, carrying him in his litter (vehicle), litter, or even relaying messag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agha (Ottoman Empire)
Agha ( tr, ağa; ota, آغا; fa, آقا, āghā; "chief, master, lord") is an honorific title for a civilian or officer, or often part of such title. In the Ottoman times, some court functionaries and leaders of organizations like bazaar or the janissary units were entitled to the ''agha'' title. In rural communities, this term is used for people who own considerable lands and are influential in their community. Regardless of a rural community, this title is also used for any male that is influential or respected. Etymology The word ''agha'' entered English from Turkish, and the Turkish word comes from the Old Turkic ''aqa'', meaning "elder brother". It is an equivalent of Mongolian word ''aqa'' or ''aka''. Other uses "Agha" is nowadays used as a common Persian honorific title for men, the equivalent of "mister" in English.Khani, S., and R. Yousefi. "The study of address terms and their translation from Persian to English." (2014). The corresponding honorific term for w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tunisian Sahel
The Tunisian Sahel ( ar, الساحل) or more precisely the Central East Tunisia Region is an area of central eastern Tunisia and one of the six Tunisian regions. It stretches along the eastern shore, from Hammamet in the north to Mahdia in the south, including the governorates of Monastir, Mahdia and Sousse. Its name derives from the Arabic word ''sāḥil'' (ساحل), meaning "shore" or "coast". The region's economy is based especially on tourism and it contains the second-biggest airport in Tunisia: Monastir Habib Bourguiba International Airport. Geography The Sahel extends inland to the hills which protect the low plains of the coast and are covered in olive plantations; the region's low rainfall is compensated for by the atmospheric humidity. Since antiquity, it has formed a clear geographic unity with its own unique demographic and economic characteristics. Today it consists of the governorates of Sousse, Monastir and Mahdia. Its geographic area is quite lar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabès
Gabès (, ; ar, قابس, ), also spelled Cabès, Cabes, Kabes, Gabbs and Gaps, is the capital city of the Gabès Governorate in Tunisia. It is located on the coast of the Gulf of Gabès. With a population of 152,921, Gabès is the 6th largest Tunisian city. Gabes is 327 km away from Tunis and 113 km away from Sfax. History Etymology Takapes, the ancient name of Gabès, is a Numidian ( Berber) toponym. Later, the prefix "Ta" (meaning "to" in Berber) was dropped, and the place became known as Kapes. As in Arabic the sound /p/ is unknown, Kapes became known as Kabes, and later known as Gabès. Roman period Gabès is the ancient ''Tacapae'' or ''Tacape'' (Τακάπη in Ancient greek) or ''Tacapes'' of the Roman province of Tripolitania. Strabo refers to this city as an important entrepot of the Lesser Syrtis. Pliny (18.22) remarks that the waters of a copious fountain at Tacape were divided among the cultivators according to a system where each had the use of the water d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oasis
In ecology, an oasis (; ) is a fertile area of a desert or semi-desert environmentBattesti, Vincent (2005) Jardins au désert: Évolution des pratiques et savoirs oasiens: Jérid tunisien. Paris: IRD éditions. . that sustains plant life and provides habitat for animals. Surface water may be present, or water may only be accessible from wells or underground channels created by humans. In geography, an oasis may be a current or past rest stop on a transportation route, or less-than-verdant location that nonetheless provides access to underground water through deep wells created and maintained by humans. The word ''oasis'' came into English from la, oasis, from grc, ὄασις, , which in turn is a direct borrowing fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Consul (diplomacy)
Consul (abbrev. ''cos.''; Latin plural ''consules'') was the title of one of the two chief magistrates of the Roman Republic, and subsequently also an important title under the Roman Empire. The title was used in other European city-states through antiquity and the Middle Ages, in particular in the Republics of Genoa and Pisa, then revived in modern states, notably in the First French Republic. The related adjective is consular, from the Latin ''consularis''. This usage contrasts with modern terminology, where a consul is a type of diplomat. Roman consul A consul held the highest elected political office of the Roman Republic (509 to 27 BC), and ancient Romans considered the consulship the highest level of the ''cursus honorum'' (an ascending sequence of public offices to which politicians aspired). Consuls were elected to office and held power for one year. There were always two consuls in power at any time. Other uses in antiquity Private sphere It was not uncommon for an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Reade
Sir Thomas Reade (1782 – 1 August 1849) was a British army officer during the Napoleonic Wars, known also as a collector. In 1799, at the age of sixteen, he ran away from home to enlist in the army and participate in campaigns in Holland, Egypt and America, as well as postings across Europe. Reade was also a scholar and antiquarian and collected a range of artefacts, much of which are held in the British Museum today. He married Agnes Clogg on 8 September 1824. He was appointed consul general in Tunis on 10 May 1836, and died at his residence there on 1 August 1849. Reade was also responsible for seriously damaging the Libyco-Punic Mausoleum of Dougga in 1842 for the purposes of stealing the monument's Libyco-Punic inscription. The team commissioned to remove the inscription did it in such a maladroit way that the two upper floors of the mausoleum collapsed as a result. He is buried (or has a memorial) in Congleton Parish Church with a tomb sculpted by Thomas Gaffin Tho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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