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Sixteenth Amendment To The United States Constitution
The Sixteenth Amendment (Amendment XVI) to the United States Constitution allows Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states on the basis of population. It was passed by Congress in 1909 in response to the 1895 Supreme Court case of '' Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.'' The Sixteenth Amendment was ratified by the requisite number of states on February 3, 1913, and effectively overruled the Supreme Court's ruling in ''Pollock''. Prior to the early 20th century, most federal revenue came from tariffs rather than taxes, although Congress had often imposed excise taxes on various goods. The Revenue Act of 1861 had introduced the first federal income tax, but that tax was repealed in 1872. During the late nineteenth century, various groups, including the Populist Party, favored the establishment of a progressive income tax at the federal level. These groups believed that tariffs unfairly taxed the poor, and they favored using the income tax t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
16th Amendment Pg1of1 AC
16 (sixteen) is the natural number following 15 and preceding 17. It is the fourth power of two. In English speech, the numbers 16 and 60 are sometimes confused, as they sound similar. Mathematics 16 is the ninth composite number, and a square number: 42 = 4 × 4 (the first non-unitary fourth-power prime of the form ''p''4). It is the smallest number with exactly five divisors, its proper divisors being , , and . Sixteen is the only integer that equals ''m''''n'' and ''n''''m'', for some unequal integers ''m'' and ''n'' (m=4, n=2, or vice versa). It has this property because 2^=2\times 2. It is also equal to 32 (see tetration). The aliquot sum of 16 is 15, within an aliquot sequence of four composite members (16, 15, 9, 4, 3, 1, 0) that belong to the prime 3-aliquot tree. *Sixteen is the largest known integer , for which 2^n+1 is prime. *It is the first Erdős–Woods number. *There are 16 partially ordered sets with four unlabeled elements. 16 is the only numb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flat Tax
A flat tax (short for flat-rate tax) is a tax with a single rate on the taxable amount, after accounting for any deductions or exemptions from the tax base. It is not necessarily a fully proportional tax. Implementations are often progressive due to exemptions, or regressive in case of a maximum taxable amount. There are various tax systems that are labeled "flat tax" even though they are significantly different. The defining characteristic is the existence of only one tax rate other than zero, as opposed to multiple non-zero rates that vary depending on the amount subject to taxation. A flat tax system is usually discussed in the context of an income tax, where progressivity is common, but it may also apply to taxes on consumption, property or transfers. Major categories Flat tax proposals differ in how the subject of the tax is defined. True flat-rate income tax A true flat-rate tax is a system of taxation where one tax rate is applied to all personal income with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Civil War
The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of America, Confederacy ("the South"), which was formed in 1861 by U.S. state, states that had Secession in the United States, seceded from the Union. The Origins of the American Civil War, central conflict leading to war was a dispute over whether Slavery in the United States, slavery should be permitted to expand into the western territories, leading to more slave states, or be prohibited from doing so, which many believed would place slavery on a course of ultimate extinction. Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War, Decades of controversy over slavery came to a head when Abraham Lincoln, who opposed slavery's expansion, won the 1860 presidential election. Seven Southern slave states responded to Lincoln's victory by seceding f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander J
Alexander () is a male given name, name of Greek origin. The most prominent bearer of the name is Alexander the Great, the king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia (ancient kingdom), Macedonia who created one of the largest empires in ancient history. Variants listed here are Aleksandar, Aleksander, Oleksandr, Oleksander, Aleksandr, and Alekzandr. Related names and diminutives include Iskandar (name), Iskandar, Alec, Alek, Alex, Alexsander, Alexandre (given name), Alexandre, Aleks (given name), Aleks, Aleksa (given name), Aleksa, Aleksandre, Alejandro, Alessandro, Alasdair, Sasha (name), Sasha, Sandy (given name), Sandy, Sandro, Sikandar (other), Sikandar, Skander, Sander (name), Sander and Xander; feminine forms include Alexandra, Alexandria (given name), Alexandria, and Sasha (name), Sasha. Etymology The name ''Alexander'' originates from the (; 'defending men' or 'protector of men'). It is a compound of the verb (; 'to ward off, avert, defend') and the no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Excise
file:Lincoln Beer Stamp 1871.JPG, upright=1.2, 1871 U.S. Revenue stamp for 1/6 barrel of beer. Brewers would receive the stamp sheets, cut them into individual stamps, cancel them, and paste them over the Bunghole, bung of the beer barrel so when the barrel was tapped it would destroy the stamp. An excise, or excise tax, is any duty (economics), duty on manufactured goods (economics), goods that is normally levied at the moment of manufacture for internal consumption rather than at sale. It is therefore a fee that must be paid in order to consume certain products. Excises are often associated with customs duties, which are levied on pre-existing goods when they cross a designated border in a specific direction; customs are levied on goods that become taxable items at the ''border'', while excise is levied on goods that came into existence ''inland''. An excise is considered an indirect tax, meaning that the producer or seller who pays the levy to the government is expected to try ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duty (economics)
In economics, a duty is a target-specific form of tax levied by a state or other political entity. It is often associated with customs, in which context they are also known as tariffs or dues. The term is often used to describe a tax on certain items purchased abroad. A duty is levied on specific commodities, financial transactions, estates, etc. rather than being a direct imposition on individuals or corporations such income or property taxes. Examples include customs duty, excise duty, stamp duty, estate duty, and gift duty. Customs duty A customs duty or due is the indirect tax levied on the import or export of goods in international trade. In economics a duty is also a kind of consumption tax. A duty levied on goods being imported is referred to as an 'import duty', and one levied on exports an 'export duty'. Estate duty An estate duty (in the U.S. inheritance tax) is a tax levied on the estate of a deceased person in many jurisdictions or on the inheritance ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hylton V
Hilton or Hylton may refer to: Companies * Hilton Worldwide Holdings, Inc., a global hospitality company based in the United States that owns several hotel chains and subsidiary companies containing the Hilton name ** Hilton Hotels & Resorts, flagship hotel brand operated under Hilton Worldwide Holdings, Inc. * Conrad N. Hilton Foundation, an American non-profit charitable foundation, established in 1944 by hotel entrepreneur Conrad N. Hilton * Ladbrokes, a British-based gambling company, known as Hilton Group plc from May 1999 to February 2006 Places Australia * ''Hilton'', Chatswood, a heritage-listed house in the Sydney suburb of Chatswood * Hilton, South Australia, a suburb of Adelaide * Hilton, Western Australia, a suburb of Perth Canada * Hilton, Ontario, a township * Hilton Beach, a small village surrounded by the township in Ontario * Hilton Falls Conservation Area, located in Campbellville, Ontario Norway * Hilton, a farm near Kløfta, Ullensaker, known as the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tax Per Head
A poll tax, also known as head tax or capitation, is a lump-sum tax, tax levied as a fixed sum on every liable individual (typically every adult), without reference to income or resources. ''Poll'' is an archaic term for "head" or "top of the head". The sense of "counting heads" is found in phrases like polling place and opinion poll. Head taxes were important sources of revenue for many governments from ancient times until the 19th century. In the United Kingdom, poll taxes were levied by the governments of John of Gaunt in the 14th century, Charles II of England, Charles II in the 17th and Margaret Thatcher in the 20th century. In the United States, voting poll taxes (whose payment was a precondition to voting in an election) have been used to Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction Era, disenfranchise impoverished and minority voters (especially after Reconstruction Era, Reconstruction). Poll taxes are Regressive tax, regressive, meaning the higher someone's income is, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flint V
Flint, occasionally flintstone, is a sedimentary cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz, categorized as the variety of chert that occurs in chalk or marly limestone. Historically, flint was widely used to make stone tools and start fires. Flint occurs chiefly as nodules and masses in sedimentary rocks, such as chalks and limestones.''The Flints from Portsdown Hill'' Inside the nodule, flint is usually dark grey or black, green, white, or brown in colour, and has a glassy or waxy appearance. A thin, oxidised layer on the outside of the nodules is usually different in colour, typically white and rough in texture. The nodules can often be found along s and |
Article One Of The United States Constitution
Article One of the Constitution of the United States establishes the legislative branch of the Federal government of the United States, federal government, the United States Congress. Under Article One, Congress is a bicameral legislature consisting of the United States House of Representatives, House of Representatives and the United States Senate, Senate. Article One grants Congress Enumerated powers (United States), enumerated powers and the ability to pass laws "Necessary and Proper Clause, necessary and proper" to carry out those powers. Article One also establishes the procedures for passing a bill and places limits on the powers of Congress and the U.S. state, states from abusing their powers. Article One's Legislative Vesting Clause, Vesting Clause grants all federal legislative power to Congress and establishes that Congress consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate. In combination with the vesting clauses of Article Two and Article Three, the Vesting Clause ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Income Tax In The United States
The United States federal government and most State governments in the United States, state governments impose an income tax. They are determined by applying a tax rate, which Progressive tax, may increase as income increases, to taxable income, which is the total income less allowable tax deduction, deductions. Income is broadly defined. Individuals and corporations are directly taxable, and estates and trusts may be taxable on undistributed income. Partnership taxation in the United States, Partnerships are not taxed (with some exceptions in the case of federal income taxation), but their partners are taxed on their shares of partnership income. Residents and citizens are taxed on worldwide income, while nonresidents are taxed only on income within the jurisdiction. Several types of tax credit, credits reduce tax, and some types of credits may exceed tax before credits. Most business expenses are deductible. Individuals may deduct certain personal expenses, including home mort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
