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Sinhala Honorifics
In the Sinhalese language, it is almost always compulsory for the speaker or writer to take into account the importance of the subject and of the object when constructing a sentence. Sinhalese uses a vast collection of honorifics to reflect the speaker's relationship with the subject and object of the sentence, and it also reveals the level of importance the society or the writer has given to them. In the present stage of the language, honorifics are mostly used in the literary language as opposed to in the vernacular, and their use is being gradually limited to only formal occasions. Noun Honorifics Inanimate Nouns When talking about an object that holds superiority or importance, or an object which has been given superior status, these honorifics are used. They can only be used in the literary language and play an essential part in Sinhala literature. Usually, the word is replaced by its "tatsama" counterpart for this, as in the word කෑම-kǣma (food) becomes the tatsama word ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sinhalese Language
Sinhala ( ; Sinhala: , , ), sometimes called Sinhalese ( ), is an Indo-Aryan language primarily spoken by the Sinhalese people of Sri Lanka, who make up the largest ethnic group on the island, numbering about 16 million. It is also the first language of about 2 million other Sri Lankans, as of 2001. It is written in the Sinhalese script, a Brahmic script closely related to the Grantha script of South India. The language has two main varieties, written and spoken, and is a notable example of the linguistic phenomenon known as diglossia. Sinhala is one of the official and national languages of Sri Lanka. Along with Pali, it played a major role in the development of Theravada Buddhist literature. Early forms of the Sinhalese language are attested to as early as the 3rd century BCE. The language of these inscriptions, still retaining long vowels and aspirated consonants, is a Prakrit similar to Magadhi, a regional associate of the Middle-Indian Prakrits that had been spo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Honorific
An honorific is a title that conveys esteem, courtesy, or respect for position or rank when used in addressing or referring to a person. Sometimes, the term "honorific" is used in a more specific sense to refer to an Honorary title (academic), honorary academic title. It is also often Conflation, conflated with systems of Honorifics (linguistics), honorific speech in linguistics, which are grammatical or morphology (linguistics), morphological ways of encoding the relative social status of speakers. Honorifics can be used as prefixes or suffixes depending on the appropriate occasion and presentation in accordance with Style (form of address), style and Convention (norm), customs. Typically, honorifics are used as a Style (manner of address), style in the grammatical third Grammatical person, person, and as a form of address in the second person. Some languages have anti-honorific (''despective'' or ''humilific'') first person forms (expressions such as "your most humble servant" ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Literary Language
Literary language is the Register (sociolinguistics), register of a language used when writing in a formal, academic writing, academic, or particularly polite tone; when speaking or writing in such a tone, it can also be known as formal language. It may be the Standard language, standardized variety of a language. It can sometimes differ noticeably from the various spoken language, spoken Variety (linguistics), lects, but the difference between literary and non-literary forms is greater in some languages than in others. If there is a strong divergence between a written form and the spoken vernacular, the language is said to exhibit diglossia. The understanding of the term differs from one linguistic tradition to another and is dependent on the terminological conventions adopted. Literary English For much of its history, there has been a distinction in the English language between an elevated literary language (written) and a colloquialism, colloquial or vernacular language (sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vernacular
Vernacular is the ordinary, informal, spoken language, spoken form of language, particularly when perceptual dialectology, perceived as having lower social status or less Prestige (sociolinguistics), prestige than standard language, which is more codification (linguistics), codified, institutionally promoted, literary language, literary, or formal. More narrowly, a particular language variety that does not hold a widespread high-status perception, and sometimes even carries social stigma, is also called a vernacular, vernacular dialect, nonstandard dialect, etc. and is typically its speakers' native language, native variety. Regardless of any such stigma, all nonstandard dialects are full-fledged varieties of language with their own consistent grammatical structure, phonology, sound system, body of vocabulary, etc. Overview Like any native language variety, a vernacular has an internally coherent system of grammar. It may be associated with a particular set of vocabulary, and sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sinhala Literature
Sri Lankan literature is the literary tradition of Sri Lanka. The largest part of Sri Lankan literature was written in the Sinhala language, but there is a considerable number of works in other languages used in Sri Lanka over the millennia (including Tamil, Pāli, and English). However, the languages used in ancient times were very different from the language used in Sri Lanka now. Up to the present, short stories are a very important part of Sri Lankan literature; the output of Sinhalese short story writers has elicited a greater measure of critical analysis. List of writers Sinhala writers Sinhala poets Essayists and non-fiction writers Sinhala playwrights Sinhala radio play writers Tamil authors Tamil poets * Neelaavanan * Pottuvil Asmin Sri Lankan and Sri Lankan diaspora authors who write in English See also * Sri Lankan culture * Henry Parker, a British engineer who studied and compiled the oral literature Oral literature, orature, or folk li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sinhala Language
Sinhala ( ; Sinhala: , , ), sometimes called Sinhalese ( ), is an Indo-Aryan language primarily spoken by the Sinhalese people of Sri Lanka, who make up the largest ethnic group on the island, numbering about 16 million. It is also the first language of about 2 million other Sri Lankans, as of 2001. It is written in the Sinhalese script, a Brahmic script closely related to the Grantha script of South India. The language has two main varieties, written and spoken, and is a notable example of the linguistic phenomenon known as diglossia. Sinhala is one of the official and national languages of Sri Lanka. Along with Pali, it played a major role in the development of Theravada Buddhist literature. Early forms of the Sinhalese language are attested to as early as the 3rd century BCE. The language of these inscriptions, still retaining long vowels and aspirated consonants, is a Prakrit similar to Magadhi, a regional associate of the Middle-Indian Prakrits that had been ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indian Honorifics
Indian honorifics are honorific titles or appendices to names used in the Indian subcontinent, covering formal and informal social, commercial, and religious relationships. These may take the form of prefixes, suffixes or replacements. Native honorifics Honorifics with native/indigenous Hindu-Buddhist origin. Hindu-Sikh honorifics List of titles * Abhyasi * Acharya * Aasaan * Chimaji Appa, Appa - title given to Lingayat and Maratha Kings meaning "head" or "father". * Ayya (Pali word), Ayya * Baba (honorific), Baba * Babu (title), Babu * Bhagavan * Bhagat * wikt:bhai, Bhai * Chhatrapati * Chakravarti (Sanskrit term), Chakravarti, Chakraborty * Chettiar, suffix denoting a man's wealth * Chitnis one of the most important and highest-ranking ministers in a court. * Choudhury * Chempakaraman * Das (surname), Das, a common surname on the Indian subcontinent which has also been applied as a title, signifying "devotee" or "votary" (in the context of religion); also, Dasa * Devi * Des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thai Honorifics
Honorifics (linguistics), Honorifics are a class of words or grammatical morphemes that encode a wide variety of social relationships between interlocutors or between interlocutors and referents.Foley, William. ''Anthropological Linguistics: An Introduction''. Oxford: Blackwell, 1997. Honorific phenomena in Thai language, Thai include honorific Register (sociolinguistics), registers, honorific pronominals, and honorific Grammatical particle, particles. Historical development Thai honorifics date back to the Sukhothai Kingdom, a period which lasted from 1238 to 1420 CE.Khanittanan, Wilaiwan. "An aspect of the origins and development of linguistic politeness in Thai". ''Broadening the horizon of linguistic politeness''. Ed. Robin T. Lakoff and Sachiko Ide. Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing, 2005. 315-335. During the Sukhothai period, honorifics appeared in the form of Kinship terminology, kinship terms. The Sukhothai period also saw the introduction of many Khmer language, Khme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thai Royal Ranks And Titles
The precedence of Thai royalty follows a system of ranks known as ''thanandon'' (), which are accompanied by royal titles. The Sovereign There are two styles which can be used for a king in ordinary speech, depending on whether he has been crowned: *Crowned kings: ''Phra Bat Somdet Phra Chao Yu Hua'' ( เจ้า; ) is the style used in ordinary speech when referring to the kings of Thailand after their coronation. This style may be used in two ways: **Preceding the name of the king; e.g., ''Phra Bat Somdet Phra Chao Yu Hua Phumiphon Adunyadet'' (; His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej). **More formally it can be split across the name, possibly with the omission (or modification) of the words ''"Phra Chao Yu Hua"''; e.g., ''Phra Bat Somdet Phra Paramintara Maha Phumiphon Adunyadet'' () and ''Phra Bat Somdet Phra Paramindara Maha Prajadhipok Phra Pokklao Chao Yu Hua'' (). *Uncrowned kings: ''Somdet Phra Chao Yu Hua'' (), normally preceding the king's name, is restricted to a king ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malay Styles And Titles
The Malay language has a complex system of Style (manner of address), styles, titles and honorifics which are used extensively in Brunei, Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia and Singapore. Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, few provinces in the Philippines and several provinces in Indonesia regularly award honorary and life titles. What follows in this article is specific to the Malaysian system. References to Brunei and Indonesia are given when pertinent. In Malaysia, all non-hereditary titles can be granted to both men and women. Every title has a form of address which can be used by the wife of the title holder. This form is not used by the husband of a titled woman; such a woman will bear a title which is the same as a titled man. Former usage Singapore, whose Malay royalty was abolished by the Singapore in the Straits Settlements, British colonial government in 1891, has adopted civic titles for its leaders. Much of the Philippines was History of the Philippines (900–1521), historic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filipino Styles And Honorifics
In the Philippine languages, a system of titles and honorifics was used extensively during the throughout its history. In the pre-colonial era, It was mostly used by the Tagalogs and Visayans. These were borrowed from the Malay system of honorifics obtained from the Moro peoples of Mindanao, which in turn was based on the Indianized Sanskrit honorifics system and the Chinese's used in areas like Ma-i (Mindoro) and Pangasinan. The titles of historical figures such as Rajah Sulayman, Lakandula and Dayang Kalangitan evidence Indian influence. Malay titles are still used by the royal houses of Sulu, Maguindanao, Maranao and Iranun on the southern Philippine island of Mindanao. In the Spanish colonial era, Philip II of Spain decreed that the nobility in the Philippine islands should retain their pre-hispanic honours and privileges. In the modern times, these are retained on a traditional basis as the 1987 Constitution explicitly reaffirms the abolition of royal and noble titles in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesian Names
Indonesian names and naming customs reflect the multicultural and multilingual nature of the over 17,000 islands in the Indonesian archipelago. The world's fourth most populous country, Indonesia is home to numerous ethnic groups, each with their own culture, custom, and language. The naming customs by no means are consistent, and may differ by ethnic group. For example, most western Indonesians do not have surnames (exceptions: Bataks, Nias, Mentawai, Enggano, and some Dayaks), while eastern Indonesians do generally have it (exceptions: Balinese, West Nusa Tenggara people, and some ethnic groups in Sulawesi). Honorifics General In Indonesia, ranks and professional titles are used. It is also customary to use ''Pak'', ''Bapak'', or ''Saudara'' to address men and ''Bu'', ''Ibu'', or ''Saudari'' to address women. ''Pak'' and ''Bapak'' are literally translated as "father". ''Bapak'' is more formal and is used much like the English word, "Mister". ''Saudara'' (for men) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
