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Single Unit Transfusion
Single unit transfusion refers to transfusing a single unit or bag of blood product to a person who is not bleeding and haemodynamically stable followed by an assessment to see if further transfusion is required.. The benefits of single unit transfusion include reduced exposure to blood products. Each unit transfused increases the associated risks of transfusion such as infection, transfusion associated circulatory overload and other side effects. Transfusion of a single unit also encourages less wastage of blood products and can be cost-effective. Single unit transfusion can be as part of an institutional or national guidelines and instituted with the help of a transfusion committee or transfusion practitioner. Education of medical staff is important and catch phrases such as "Why use two when one will do", "every ONE matters" or "one bag is best - then reassess" have been used. Red blood cells Following one bag of red blood cells, symptom relief is assessed in terms of shortness ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload
Transfusion may refer to: * Blood transfusion, the introduction of blood directly into an individual’s blood circulation through a vein * Platelet transfusion, the infusion of platelets into an individual's blood * ''Transfusion'' (journal), a research journal on blood transfusion and related topics published by the AABB * "Transfusion" (short story), a 1959 science fiction story by Chad Oliver * Transfusion, a port of the ''Blood'' video game to the ''Quake'' engine * Transfusion (band), a Canadian band active in 1968 * ''Transfusion'', a 2005 album by Cold Blood (band) * ''Transfusion'' (EP), a 1993 EP by Powderfinger * "Transfusion" (song), a 1956 novelty hit by Nervous Norvus * ''Transfusion'' (film), a 2023 thriller directed by Matt Nable Matthew Nable (born 8 March 1972) is an Australian film and television actor, writer, sports commentator and former professional rugby league player. After playing in the Winfield Cup Premiership during the 1990s for the Manly-War ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Transfusion Practitioner
There are more than 100 different titles that are used as another name to Transfusion Practitioner (TP). The most common titles used include Transfusion Practitioner, Haemovigilance Officer, Transfusion Safety Officer, Transfusion Nurse, Patient Blood Management (PBM) Practitioner, and PBM Nurse. The role of the TP has a long history with roles being in place since late 1990's and early 2000's in countries such as United Kingdom (UK), Australia, United States of America and Canada.Johnson ST, P. K. (2013). Transfusion Medicine's Emerging Positions: Transfusion Safety Officers and Patient Blood Management Coordinators. Bethesda: AABB Press. A range of healthcare professionals from various clinical specialities undertakes the TP role. Many have a nursing, midwifery or scientific qualification, although, in some countries, medical officers undertake aspects of the role. Focus of Transfusion Practitioners It is a specialist role focusing on patient safety through best practice and a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Packed Red Blood Cells
Red blood cell concentrates, also known as red cell concentrates or packed red blood cells, are red blood cells that have been separated for blood transfusion. A red blood cell concentrate typically has a haematocrit of 0.50 – 0.70 L/L and a volume between 250 and 320 mL. Transfusion of red blood cell concentrates is indicated to compensate for a deficit caused by critical bleeding or to correct anaemic conditions, in order to increase the oxygen-carrying capacity and avoid detrimental effects caused by oxygen debt. In adults, one unit brings up hemoglobin levels by about 10 g/L (1 g/dL). Repeated transfusions may be required in people receiving cancer chemotherapy or who have haemoglobin disorders. Cross-matching may be required before the blood is given. A red blood cell concentrate is given by injection into a vein. The widespread use of red blood cell concentrates as part of blood component therapy began in the middle of the 20th century, when polyvinyl chloride (PVC ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Fresh Frozen Plasma
Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) is a blood product made from the liquid portion of whole blood. It is used to treat conditions in which there are low blood clotting factors (INR > 1.5) or low levels of other blood proteins. It may also be used as the replacement fluid in plasma exchange. Using ABO compatible plasma, while not required, may be recommended. Use as a volume expander is not recommended. It is administered by intravenous, slow injection into a vein. Side effects include nausea and itchiness. Rarely there may be allergic reactions, blood clots, or infections. It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe for the baby. Greater care should be taken in people with protein S deficiency, IgA deficiency, or heart failure. Fresh frozen plasma is made up of a complex mixture of water, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins. When frozen it lasts about a year. Plasma first came into medical use during the Second World War. It is on the WHO Model List of Essenti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Coagulation
Coagulation, also known as clotting, is the process by which blood changes from a liquid to a gel, forming a thrombus, blood clot. It results in hemostasis, the cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel, followed by repair. The process of coagulation involves Platelet-activating factor, activation, Cell adhesion, adhesion and aggregation of platelets, as well as deposition and maturation of fibrin. Coagulation begins almost instantly after an injury to the endothelium that lines a blood vessel. Exposure of blood to the subendothelial space initiates two processes: changes in platelets, and the exposure of subendothelial Tissue factor, platelet tissue factor to coagulation factor VII, which ultimately leads to cross-linked fibrin formation. Platelets immediately form a plug at the site of injury; this is called ''primary hemostasis. Secondary hemostasis'' occurs simultaneously: additional coagulation factors beyond factor VII (#Coagulation factors, listed below) respond in a c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Coagulation Screen
A coagulation screen is a combination of screening laboratory tests, designed to provide rapid non-specific information, which allows an initial broad categorization of haemostatic problems. __TOC__ Process The basic screen consists of: * platelet count * bleeding time for platelet function * PR (prothrombin ratio) for the tissue factor pathway (extrinsic pathway) * aPTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin time) for the contact activation pathway (intrinsic pathway) * TCT or fibrinogen assay for final common pathway (THROMBIN TIME) Two other tests are regularly performed at the same time: * blood count, to detect other hematological abnormalities * liver function tests to exclude liver disease as a cause of coagulation factor deficiency These tests may miss mild abnormalities but they will detect major disorders. The results of these screening tests, in conjunction with the clinical history (especially bleeding history), will then direct the selection of further, more detaile ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Platelet Transfusion
Platelet transfusion, is the process of infusing platelet concentrate into the body via vein, to prevent or treat the bleeding in people with either a thrombocytopenia, low platelet count or poor platelet function. Often this occurs in people receiving cancer chemotherapy. Preventive transfusion is often done in those with platelet levels of less than 10 billion/L. In those who are bleeding transfusion is usually carried out at less than 50 billion/L. Blood group matching (ABO blood group system, ABO, Rh blood group system, RhD) is typically recommended before platelets are given. Unmatched platelets, however, are often used due to the unavailability of matched platelets. They are given by intravenous, injection into a vein. Side effects can include allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis, infection, and transfusion related acute lung injury, lung injury. Bacterial infections are relatively more common with platelets as they are stored at warmer temperatures. Platelets can be p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |