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Simon Fraser, 1st Laird Of Lovat
Simon Fraser, 1st Laird of Lovat (died 1333) was the ancestor and first chief of the Clan Fraser of Lovat which is a Scottish clan of the Scottish Highlands. He was killed in 1333 at the Battle of Halidon Hill during the Second War of Scottish Independence. Early life He was the second son of Sir Andrew Fraser who died in 1308 and his elder brother was Alexander Fraser of Touchfraser and Cowie who was the ancestor of the Clan Fraser in the Scottish Lowlands. Their father, Sir Andrew Fraser, was the cousin of Simon Fraser (died 1306) who was known as ''the Patriot'' and who had been hanged, drawn, and quartered by the English. His father had estates in Caithness but Simon was the first of the family to hold estates in the county of Inverness where he came to hold the estate of Lovat. Wars of Scottish Independence Simon Fraser first appears on record in 1308 when he joined Robert the Bruce (Robert I of Scotland) at the Battle of Inverurie where they defeated John Comyn, Ear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scottish Clan Chief
The Scottish Gaelic word means children. In early times, and possibly even today, Scottish clan members believed themselves to descend from a common ancestor, the founder of the clan, after whom the clan is named. The clan chief (''ceannard cinnidh'') is the representative of this founder, and represents the clan. In the Scottish clan system, a chief is greater than a chieftain (''ceann-cinnidh''), a designation applied to heads of branches of a clan.Adam; Innes of Learney (1970), pp. 154–155. Scottish clans that no longer have a clan chief are referred to as armigerous clans. Functions of the clan chief Historically the principal function of the chief was to lead the clan in battle on land and sea. The chief and the chieftain were at one time in the Scottish Highlands influential political characters, who wielded a large and often arbitrary authority.''Maclean of Ardgour v. Maclean'', p. 636 However, none of this authority now remains. Highland chiefship or chieftainship ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caithness
Caithness ( gd, Gallaibh ; sco, Caitnes; non, Katanes) is a historic county, registration county and lieutenancy area of Scotland. Caithness has a land boundary with the historic county of Sutherland to the west and is otherwise bounded by sea. The land boundary follows a watershed and is crossed by two roads (the A9 and the A836) and by one railway (the Far North Line). Across the Pentland Firth, ferries link Caithness with Orkney, and Caithness also has an airport at Wick. The Pentland Firth island of Stroma is within Caithness. The name was also used for the earldom of Caithness ( 1334 onwards) and for the Caithness constituency of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (1708 to 1918). Boundaries are not identical in all contexts, but the Caithness area lies entirely within the Highland council area. Toponymy The ''Caith'' element of the name ''Caithness'' comes from the name of a Pictish tribe known as the ''Cat'' or ''Catt'' people, or ''Catti'' (see Kingdom o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert III Of Scotland
Robert III (c. 13374 April 1406), born John Stewart, was King of Scots from 1390 to his death in 1406. He was also High Steward of Scotland from 1371 to 1390 and held the titles of Earl of Atholl (1367–1390) and Earl of Carrick (1368–1390) before ascending the throne at about the age of 53 years. He was the eldest son of King Robert II and Elizabeth Mure and was legitimized by the second marriage of his parents and by papal dispensation in 1349. John joined his father and other magnates in a rebellion against his great-uncle David II early in 1363 but submitted to him soon afterward. He was married to Anabella Drummond by 1367. In 1368 David created him Earl of Carrick. His father became king in 1371 after the unexpected death of the childless King David. In the succeeding years, Carrick was influential in the government of the kingdom but became progressively more impatient at his father's longevity. In 1384 Carrick was appointed the king's lieutenant after havi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malise V, Earl Of Strathearn
Malise V, Earl of Strathearn and Caithness, Jarl of Orkney ( gd, Maol Íosa; died ) was the last of the native Gaelic earls of Strathearn. Biography He succeeded to the Earldom of Strathearn in 1329, on the death of his father Malise IV, Earl of Strathearn. After the death of Magnus, Earl of Orkney, he inherited the Norwegian Jarldom of Orkney (including Caithness) in right of his great-great-grandfather Earl Gilbert. Despite the similarity of title, and related etymology, a Norwegian jarl is not the same as a Scottish earl;Merriam-Webster Dictionary, entry for ''Jarl'' the position of jarl of Orkney was the most senior rank in mediaeval Norway except for the king himself. In 1330, King Edward III of England wrote to King David II of Scotland and his councillors, including Malise, requesting that certain forfeited noblemen have their lands restored. This request was evaded, if not outright refused, and consequently Edward allowed Edward Balliol to march into Scotland with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magnús Jónsson, Earl Of Orkney
Magnús Jónsson was Jarl of Orkney (covering the whole of Norðreyjar Which includes not only the Orkney Islands, but the Shetland (Hjaltland) Islands c. post 1300–1321. The Shetland were officially transferred to the Scottish from the Norwegians in 1472. Scots soon emigrated there between the 16th and 17th century.Goodacre, S. ''et al'' (2005"Genetic evidence for a family-based Scandinavian settlement of Shetland and Orkney during the Viking periods" ''Heredity'' 95, pp. 129–135. nature.com, Retrieved 20 March 2011 He was a signatory to the Declaration of Arbroath The Declaration of Arbroath ( la, Declaratio Arbroathis; sco, Declaration o Aiberbrothock; gd, Tiomnadh Bhruis) is the name usually given to a letter, dated 6 April 1320 at Arbroath, written by Scottish barons and addressed to Pope John XX ..., which describes him as Earl of Caithness and Orkney. References Footnotes Earls of Orkney 14th-century rulers in Europe 14th-century Scottish earls S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jón Magnússon, Earl Of Orkney
Jón Magnússon was Earl of Orkney in 1284–c. 1312. Life Jón Magnússon was the son of Magnus III of Orkney, and succeeded his brother to the Earldom of Orkney and Earldom of Caithness in 1284. He was a signatory of the Treaty of Birgham/Salisbury in 1290, in which Margaret, Maid of Norway, was betrothed to Edward of Carnarfon. On 5 August 1296 he swore fealty to Edward I of England at Murkle Murkle (Murchill) is a small scattered hamlet, made up of ''East Murkle'' and ''West Murkle'' located east of Thurso, in Caithness, Scottish Highlands and is in the Scottish council area of Highland. Name The name ''Murkle'' derives from the na ..., in Caithness.Cal doc., vol ii, p184 References Notes Sources''Orkneyinga Saga'', ed. Joseph Anderson, Edinburgh 1873. Earls of Orkney 13th-century births 14th-century deaths Mormaers of Caithness 13th-century mormaers 14th-century Scottish earls {{Orkney-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Dupplin Moor
The Battle of Dupplin Moor was fought between supporters of King David II of Scotland, the son of King Robert Bruce, and English-backed invaders supporting Edward Balliol, son of King John I of Scotland, on 11 August 1332. It took place a little to the south west of Perth, Scotland, when a Scottish force commanded by Donald, Earl of Mar, estimated to have been stronger than 15,000 and possibly as many as 40,000 men, attacked a largely English force of 1,500 commanded by Balliol and Henry Beaumont, Earl of Buchan. This was the first major battle of the Second War of Scottish Independence. The First War of Scottish Independence between England and Scotland ended in 1328 with the Treaty of Northampton, recognising Bruce as king of Scotland, but the treaty was widely resented in England. King Edward III of England was happy to cause trouble for his northern neighbour and tacitly supported an attempt to place Balliol on the Scottish throne. Balliol and a small force landed in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Balliol
Edward Balliol (; 1283 – January 1364) was a claimant to the Scottish throne during the Second War of Scottish Independence. With English help, he ruled parts of the kingdom from 1332 to 1356. Early life Edward was the eldest son of John Balliol and Isabella de Warenne. As a child, Edward was betrothed to Isabelle of Valois, the eldest daughter of Charles, Count of Valois (1271–1325) and his first wife Marguerite of Anjou (1273–1299). His father John resigned his title as King of Scotland in 1296, and it was likely this that caused the King of France to break the marriage contract and betroth Isabelle instead to John son of Arthur II, Duke of Brittany. Following his father's abdication, Balliol resided in the Tower of London until 1299, when he was released into the custody of his grandfather John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey. Balliol was likely involved in the "Soules Conspiracy", a plot to depose king Robert I and install Balliol on the throne led by Willi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Domhnall II, Earl Of Mar
Domhnall II, Earl of Mar (date of birth unknown but prior to 130511 August 1332) was briefly Regent of Scotland during the minority of David II, King of Scotland. Domhnall's father was Gartnait, Earl of Mar. His mother's identity is uncertain, although she seems to have been an elder daughter of Robert Bruce, Earl of Carrick. He was taken prisoner by the English in 1306 while so young he was referred to as an 'infant' in the royal orders to keep him prisoner, however, because of his tender age was treated very gently and eventually became part of the household of Bishop of Bristol. He remained a prisoner until after the Battle of Bannockburn when he was released with the other Scottish prisoners but chose to remain in England. In 1322 he fought with the English against the Scots at the Battle of Old Byland. It appears likely that he fought on the side of Edward II of England at the Battle of Boroughbridge in March 1322, as it is recorded that afterwards the Earl of Mar took ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Bannockburn
The Battle of Bannockburn ( gd, Blàr Allt nam Bànag or ) fought on June 23–24, 1314, was a victory of the army of King of Scots Robert the Bruce over the army of King Edward II of England in the First War of Scottish Independence. It was a major turning point in the war, which only officially ended 14 years later with the ''de jure'' restoration of Scottish independence under the Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton; for this reason, Bannockburn is considered a landmark moment in Scottish history. King Edward II invaded Scotland after Bruce demanded in 1313 that all supporters, still loyal to ousted Scottish king John Balliol, acknowledge Bruce as their king or lose their lands. Stirling Castle, a Scots royal fortress occupied by the English, was under siege by the Scottish army. King Edward assembled a formidable force of soldiers to relieve it – the largest army ever to invade Scotland. The English summoned 25,000 infantry soldiers and 2,000 horses from England, Ireland a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Comyn, Earl Of Buchan
John Comyn, 3rd Earl of Buchan (circa 1260 – 1308) was a chief opponent of Robert the Bruce in the civil war that paralleled the War of Scottish Independence. He should not be confused with the better known John III Comyn, Lord of Badenoch, who was his cousin, and who was killed by Bruce in Dumfries in March 1306. Confusion between the two men has affected the study of this period of history. Buchan was the representative of a family that had long dominated the politics of Scotland. He was defeated by Bruce at the Battle of Barra and was subsequently forced to flee to England. Bruce's Harrying of Buchan destroyed support for the Comyns in northern Scotland. This defeat, together with Comyn's death that year, produced a significant and lasting shift in the balance of power in Scotland. Comyns of Buchan The Comyns, a family of Norman origin, first made their appearance in Scotland during the reign of David I. In 1136 William Comyn, who had formerly been in the service ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Inverurie (1308)
The Battle of Inverurie, also known as the Battle of Barra, was fought in the north-east of Scotland and was a victory for the Scottish king Robert Bruce over his chief domestic enemy, John Comyn, 3rd Earl of Buchan. Though part of the wider Wars of Scottish Independence, it is more properly viewed as an episode in a brief but bitter civil war. It was followed by the Harrying of Buchan, a violent act of destruction of property long remembered with bitterness in Buchan. The battle was fought in May 1308 according to Fordun. However, Barbour states clearly that it was fought at Christmas of 1307. Many current historians accept Fordun's date, but Barron and some others believe that Bower misinterpreted Fordun's notes. The battlefield was added to the Inventory of Historic Battlefields in Scotland in 2011. Background In February 1306, Robert Bruce and his supporters killed John III Comyn, Lord of Badenoch, also known as the Red Comyn. Comyn was a nephew of the former king Jo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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