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Sikh Painting
Sikh painting is a form of Sikh art style spread from Punjab Hills to the Punjab Plains which flourished between the 18th to 19th centuries. Major centres for the art school was Lahore, Amritsar, Patiala, Nabha, Kapurthala and Jind. Artists from surrounding regions migrated to Punjab seeking patronage for varying reasons. Most depicted scenes in Sikh painting are of Sikh gurus, portrait of chiefs of the states and court scenes. In the later period the artists painted popular traders of bazaar, such as cobbler carpenter, blacksmith etc. Considering the geographic boundaries were changing frequently in that period and the artists were generally migrants, there is always an overlap between Pahari styles such as Kangra and Guler with the Sikh style. Pahari, Mughal and Rajasthani miniatures influenced Punjab Sikh paintings over the centuries. https://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070923/spectrum/main3.htm accessed on 25.04.23 History Sikh painting style was majorly established in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A Large Portrait Of A Sikh Nobleman, Possibly Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Circa 1900
A, or a, is the first Letter (alphabet), letter and the first vowel letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''English alphabet#Letter names, a'' (pronounced ), plural ''aes''. It is similar in shape to the Ancient Greek letter alpha, from which it derives. The uppercase version consists of the two slanting sides of a triangle, crossed in the middle by a horizontal bar. The lowercase version is often written in one of two forms: the double-storey and single-storey . The latter is commonly used in handwriting and fonts based on it, especially fonts intended to be read by children, and is also found in italic type. In English, ''English articles, a'' is the indefinite article, with the alternative form ''an''. Name In English, the name of the letter is the ''long A'' sound, pronounced . Its name in most other languages matches the letter's pronunciation in open syllables. History The earliest know ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nainsukh
Nainsukh (; 1710 – 1778) was an Indian painter. He was the younger son of the painter Pandit Seu and, like his older brother Manaku of Guler, was an important practitioner of Pahari painting, and has been called "one of the most original and brilliant of Indian painters". Around 1740 he left the family workshop in Guler and moved to Jasrota, where he painted most of his works for the local Rajput ruler Mian Zorowar Singh and his son Balwant Singh until the latter's death in 1763. This is the best known and documented phase of his career. Through his adaptation of elements of Mughal painting, he was a central force in the development of Pahari painting in the middle of the eighteenth century, bringing Mughal elements into what had been a school mainly concerned with Hindu religious subjects. In his final phase at Basholi, from about 1765 until his death in 1778, Nainsukh returned to religious subject matter, but retaining his stylistic innovations. By the end of his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guru Tegh Bahadur
Guru Tegh Bahadur ( Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ ਤੇਗ਼ ਬਹਾਦਰ (Gurmukhi); ; 1 April 1621 – 11 November 1675) was the ninth of ten gurus who founded the Sikh religion and was the leader of Sikhs from 1665 until his beheading in 1675. He was born in Amritsar, Punjab, India in 1621 and was the youngest son of Guru Hargobind, the sixth Sikh guru. Considered a principled and fearless warrior, he was a learned spiritual scholar and a poet whose 115 hymns are included in the Guru Granth Sahib, which is the main text of Sikhism. Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed on the orders of Aurangzeb, the sixth Mughal emperor, in Delhi, India.;;; Sikh holy premises Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib and Gurdwara Rakab Ganj Sahib in Delhi mark the places of execution and cremation of Guru Tegh Bahadur. His day of martyrdom (''Shaheedi Divas'') is commemorated in India every year on 24 November. Biography Early life Guru Tegh Bahadur was born ''Tyag Mal'' (Tīāg Mal) () in Amritsar on 1 Ap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kapur Singh (artist)
Kapur Singh (fl. 1860–1890), commonly referred to as Kapur Singh of Amritsar and also as Kapur Singh of Kapurthala, was a Sikh artist who experimented in murals, oil paintings, and works on paper. He was the son of Kishan Singh and nephew of Bishan Singh. He was amongst the most famous Sikh painters of the 19th century. He worked almost entirely in watercolour, focusing on Company paintings depicting normal life in the Punjab. Kapur Singh painted a large number of figure subjects, miniature in size. Kapur Singh would depict everyday life scenes of the local populace, such as different occupational workers in varying crafts and trades. Kapur Singh closely observed the European painters whilst he was in Kapurthala, and made detailed note of their usage of oil painting procedures. After observing the foreign artists, Kapur Singh would adopt their techniques of oil and watercolour painting and become a master in it himself. However, Kapur also delved in producing miniatures. Kapu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Floruit
''Floruit'' ( ; usually abbreviated fl. or occasionally flor.; from Latin for 'flourished') denotes a date or period during which a person was known to have been alive or active. In English, the unabbreviated word may also be used as a noun indicating the time when someone flourished. Etymology and use is the third-person singular perfect active indicative of the Latin verb ', ' "to bloom, flower, or flourish", from the noun ', ', "flower". Broadly, the term is employed in reference to the peak of activity for a person or movement. More specifically, it often is used in genealogy and historical writing when a person's birth or death dates are unknown, but some other evidence exists that indicates when they were alive. For example, if there are Will (law), wills Attestation clause, attested by John Jones in 1204 and 1229, as well as a record of his marriage in 1197, a record concerning him might be written as "John Jones (fl. 1197–1229)", even though Jones was born before ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kishan Singh (artist)
Kishan Singh (1836–1895), also known as Kishan Singh of Lahore, was a Sikh painter who specialized in ''mussawir'' (painters of miniatures). He was born into a Ramgarhia family and was the brother of Bishan Singh. Kishan Singh had been employed as a court painter in the Sikh states of Kapurthala and Patiala Patiala () is a city in southeastern Punjab, India, Punjab, northwestern India. It is the fourth largest city in the state and is the administrative capital of Patiala district. Patiala is located around the ''Qila Mubarak, Patiala, Qila Mubar .... Kishan Singh was employed by royal courts located in Amritsar, Kapurthala, and Lahore. Whilst working in Lahore, Kishan Singh helped facilitate the arrival of other artists. Kishan Singh was skilled in illustration magnifying designs whereas his brother Bishan Singh was talented in depicting courtly '' durbar'' scenery. Kishan Singh's son, Kapur Singh, became an accomplished artist himself. Gallery File:Portrait of Gu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bishan Singh (artist)
Bishan Singh (1836 – ca.1900), also known as Baba Bishan Singh, was a Sikh painter whom achieved high-acclaim during his life. Much of his surviving works depicts scenes from the Sikh Empire and prominent figures of the era. His paintings have sold for large sums at auction. Biography Bishan Singh was born in 1836 into a Ramgarhia family of artists that flourished in the 19th century who operated in Lahore and Amritsar. He had a brother, whom also was an artist, named Kishan Singh. His family operated in Lahore and Amritsar and were responsible for maintaining murals and motifs decorating the edifices of the Golden Temple complex in Amritsar. It is likely Bishan Singh learnt his trade through this traditional, familial upbringing amongst artists. Bhai Bishan Singh was both the pupil and nephew of Kehar Singh.'''' Many of Bishan Singh's paintings feature scenery and personalities from the period of the Sikh Empire, such as Maharaja Ranjit Singh. His paintings are remarkable ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kehar Singh (artist)
Kehar Singh (1820–1882) was a Sikh painting, Sikh artist who was employed as a court painter by the Sikh states of Sikh Empire, Lahore and Kapurthala State, Kapurthala. Baba Kehar Singh Musawar was a prominent artist of the Sikh Naqqashi school of art and helped innovate it. The art of frescoes was introduced by the artist Bhai Kehar Singh Musawar under the patronage of Maharaja Ranjit Singh during the era of the Sikh Empire.'''' He was one of the most important of the court painters of Ranjit Singh. Kehar Singh and his family were honoured as ''Fakhr-e-Qoum'' ("pride of the nation"). Family and work Kehar Singh was of Ramgarhia origin, specifically belonging to the carpenter (Tarkhan (Punjab), Tarkhan) caste. His family had a background in art. Some of the members of his family worked alongside members of the famous Chughtai, Chughtai family of Lahore, but never at the cost of each-other. Kehar and his family resided at Kucha Tarkhana, Gali Naqqashan, in Amritsar. They wou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mughal Painting
Mughal painting is a South Asian style of painting on paper made in to miniatures either as book illustrations or as single works to be kept in albums (muraqqa), originating from the territory of the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent. It emerged from Persian miniature painting (itself partly of Chinese origin) and developed in the court of the Mughal Empire of the 16th to 18th centuries. Battles, legendary stories, hunting scenes, wildlife, royal life, mythology, as well as other subjects have all been frequently depicted in paintings. The Mughal emperors were Muslims and they are credited with consolidating Islam in the subcontinent, and spreading Muslim (and particularly Persian) arts and culture as well as the faith. Mughal painting immediately took a much greater interest in realistic portraiture than was typical of Persian miniatures. Animals and plants were the main subject of many miniatures for albums, and were more realistically depicted. Although many classic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ananda Coomaraswamy
Ananda Kentish Muthu Coomaraswamy (, ''Āṉanta Kentiś Muthū Kumāracuvāmi''; ''Ānanda Kumārasvāmī''; 22 August 1877 − 9 September 1947) was a Ceylonese metaphysician, historian and a philosopher of Indian art who was an early interpreter of Indian culture to the West. He has been described as "the groundbreaking theorist who was largely responsible for introducing ancient Indian art to the West". Life Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy was born in Colombo, British Ceylon, now Sri Lanka, to the Ceylon Tamil legislator and philosopher Sir Muthu Coomaraswamy of the Ponnambalam–Coomaraswamy family and his English wife Elizabeth Beeby. His father died when Ananda was two years old, and Ananda spent much of his childhood and education abroad. Coomaraswamy moved to England in 1879 and attended Wycliffe College, a preparatory school in Stroud, Gloucestershire, at the age of twelve. In 1900, he graduated from University College London (UCL), with a degree in geology and b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ranjit Singh
Ranjit Singh (13 November 1780 – 27 June 1839) was the founder and first maharaja of the Sikh Empire, in the northwest Indian subcontinent, ruling from 1801 until his death in 1839. Born to Maha Singh, the leader of the Sukerchakia Misl, Ranjit Singh survived smallpox in infancy but lost sight in his left eye. At the age of ten years old, he fought his first battle alongside his father. After his father died around Ranjit's early teenage years, he became leader of the Misl. Ranjit was the most prominent of the Sikh leaders who opposed Zaman Shah, the ruler of Durrani Empire, during his third invasion. After Zaman Shah's retreat in 1799, he captured Lahore from the Sikh triumvirate which had been ruling it since 1765. At the age of 21, he was formally crowned at Lahore. Before his rise, the Punjab had been fragmented into a number of warring Sikh (known as misls), Muslim and Hindu states. A large part of Punjab was under direct Durrani control. By 1813, Ranjit Sin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sikh Art
Sikh art, also known as the Sikh School, is the artwork created by or associated with Sikhs and Sikhism. Sikh artwork exists in many forms, such as miniature, oil, and watercolour paintings, murals, and wood carvings. The first Sikh artists were influenced by the Pahari and Mughal schools, however the ushering in of European influences during the colonial-age would transform Sikh art by adopting Western methods and tastes for artwork. Terminology and categories In 19th century Punjab, there were two main types of artists: musawirs and naqqashas. They worked independently of one another and focued on different spheres, with their styles, materials, and techniques differing from one another. Musawirs The ''Musawirs'' were painters who drew animated objects. Some artists who specialized in this field were Kishan Singh and Chajju, Imam Bakhsh, and Mohammad Bakhsh. The musawir artists relied on their own memory to reproduce an artistic depiction of someone. One method they used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
