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Siege Of Melilla (1774–1775)
The siege of Melilla was an attempt by the Sultanate of Morocco, supported by Great Britain and Algerian mercenaries, to capture the Spanish fortress of Melilla on the Moroccan Mediterranean coast. Mohammed ben Abdallah, then Sultan of Morocco, invaded Melilla in December 1774 with a large army of Royal Moroccan soldiers and Algerian mercenaries. The city was defended by a small garrison under Irish-born Governor Don Juan Sherlocke until the siege was lifted by a relief fleet in March 1775. Background In 1773, the Sultan Mohammed III sent the artillery commander Sidi Tahar Fenis as ambassador to Great Britain to acquire military equipment. On September 19, 1774, he sent a letter to Charles III with this matter, saying that peace between them could only be by sea. Therefore, Charles III declared war on the sultanate on 23 October 1774. Then the governor of Melilla was José Carrión de Andrade. In the city, there was a scarce garrison, which consisted of the fixed regiment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Spanish Colonial Wars In Morocco
{{Spanish-Moroccan conflicts Spanish-Moroccan conflicts (since 1492): *Conquest of Melilla (1497) * Spanish expedition to Tlemcen (1543) * Capture of La Mámora (1614) * Siege of Mamora (1681) * Siege of Larache (1689) * Siege of Asilah (1690–1691) * Siege of Oran (1693) * Siege of Melilla (1694–1696) * Siege of Melilla (1774–1775) * Hispano-Moroccan War (1790–1791) * Hispano-Moroccan War (1859–1860) * First Melillan campaign (1893–1894) * Second Melillan campaign (1909–1910) *Kert campaign (1911–1912) *Rif War (1920–1927) *Ifni War The Ifni War, sometimes called the Forgotten War (''la Guerra Olvidada'') in Spain, was a series of armed incursions into Spanish West Africa by Morocco, Moroccan insurgents that began in November 1957 and culminated with the abortive siege ... (1957–1958) Spanish_colonial_wars_in_Morocco Military history of Spain Morocco–Spain relations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Governors Of Melilla
The following is a list of governors and other local administrators of the city of Melilla, a Spanish exclave in North Africa. The list encompass the period from 1497 until 1995. List Governors * 1497–1498: Goméz Suárez * 1498–1500: Pedro de Estopiñán y Virués * 1500–1510: Gonzalo Mariño de Rivera (Ribelles) * 1510–1513: Bernavé Pinelo * 1513–1518: Fernando de Abreu * 1518–1522: Gonzalo Mariño de Rivera (Ribelles) * 1522–1535: Francisco de Medina Monsivay * 1535–1542: Cristóbal Dabrés (d'Abreu) * 1543–1546: Hernando de Jérez * 1546–1554: Juan de Perea * 1554–1559: Alonso de Urrea * 1559–1568: Pedro Venegas de Córdoba * 1568–1571: Francisco Sánchez de Córdoba * 1571–1595: Antonio de Tejada * 1595–1596: Jerónimo de los Barrios * 1596–1603: Martín Dávalos y Padilla * 1603–1611: Pedro de Herrida * 1612–1617: Domingo de Dieguez * 1617–1618: Gaspar de Mondragón * 1618–1619: Domingo de Ochoa * 1619–162 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kouloughlis
Kouloughlis, also spelled Koulouglis, Cologhlis and Qulaughlis (from Turkish ''Kuloğlu'' "Children of The Empire Servants" from ''Kul'' "soldier" or "servant" + '' Oğlu'' "son of", but the translation of the word "kul" as slave is misleading since in the Ottoman context, it referred to one's special status as being in the special service of the sultanMergen Türk, Nazlı Esim"The notion of hassa soldiery and kul identity in the early Ottoman state–example of the janissary corps a comparative study."PhD diss., Bilkent University, 2022.) was a term used during the period of Ottoman influence in North Africa that usually designated the mixed offspring of Ottoman officials and janissaries, and local North African women.Algeria: A Study in Competing Ideologies - Kay Adamson, A&C Black [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spanish Navy
The Spanish Navy, officially the Armada, is the Navy, maritime branch of the Spanish Armed Forces and one of the oldest active naval forces in the world. The Spanish Navy was responsible for a number of major historic achievements in navigation, the most famous being the voyages of Christopher Columbus, discovery of North America and the Magellan's circumnavigation, first global circumnavigation. For several centuries, it played a crucial logistical role in the expansion and consolidation of the Spanish Empire, and defended a vast trade network across the Atlantic Ocean between the Spanish treasure fleet, Americas and Europe, and the Manila Galleon across the Pacific Ocean between the Spanish East Indies, Philippines and the Americas. The Spanish Navy was one of the most powerful maritime forces in the world from the late 15th century to mid-18th century. In the early 19th century, with the Spanish American wars of independence, loss of most of its empire, the Spanish navy trans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Strait Of Gibraltar
The Strait of Gibraltar is a narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Europe from Africa. The two continents are separated by 7.7 nautical miles (14.2 kilometers, 8.9 miles) at its narrowest point. Ferries cross between the two continents every day in as little as 35 minutes. The Strait's depth ranges between . The strait lies in the territorial waters of Morocco, Spain, and the British overseas territory of Gibraltar. Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, foreign vessels and aircraft have the freedom of navigation and overflight to cross the strait of Gibraltar transit passage, in case of continuous transit. Names and etymology The name comes from the Rock of Gibraltar, which in turn originates from the Arabic (meaning "Tariq's Mount"), named after Tariq ibn Ziyad. It is also known as the Straits of Gibraltar, the Gut (coastal geography), Gut of Gibraltar (although this is mostly archaic), the STROG (STRait Of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France In The Early Modern Period
The Kingdom of France in the early modern period, from the Renaissance () to the Revolution (1789–1804), was a monarchy ruled by the House of Bourbon (a Capetian cadet branch). This corresponds to the so-called ''Ancien Régime'' ("old rule"). The territory of France during this period increased until it included essentially the extent of the modern country, and it also included the territories of the first French colonial empire overseas. The period is dominated by the figure of the "Sun King", Louis XIV (his reign of 1643–1715 being one of the longest in history), who managed to eliminate the remnants of medieval feudalism and established a centralized state under an absolute monarch, a system that would endure until the French Revolution and beyond. Geography In the mid 15th century, France was significantly smaller than it is today, and numerous border provinces (such as Roussillon, Cerdagne, Calais, Béarn, Navarre, County of Foix, Flanders, Artois, L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andalusia
Andalusia ( , ; , ) is the southernmost autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community in Peninsular Spain, located in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, in southwestern Europe. It is the most populous and the second-largest autonomous community in the country. It is officially recognized as a nationalities and regions of Spain, historical nationality and a national reality. The territory is divided into eight provinces of Spain, provinces: Province of Almería, Almería, Province of Cádiz, Cádiz, Province of Córdoba (Spain), Córdoba, Province of Granada, Granada, Province of Huelva, Huelva, Province of Jaén (Spain), Jaén, Province of Málaga, Málaga, and Province of Seville, Seville. Its capital city is Seville, while the seat of High Court of Justice of Andalusia, its High Court of Justice is the city of Granada. Andalusia is immediately south of the autonomous communities of Extremadura and Castilla-La Mancha; west of the autonomous community of Region of Mur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Málaga
Málaga (; ) is a Municipalities in Spain, municipality of Spain, capital of the Province of Málaga, in the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia. With a population of 591,637 in 2024, it is the second-most populous city in Andalusia and the Ranked lists of Spanish municipalities#By population, sixth most populous in the country. It lies in Southern Iberian Peninsula, Iberia on the Costa del Sol ("Coast of the Sun") of the Mediterranean, primarily in the left bank of the Guadalhorce. The urban core originally developed in the space between the Gibralfaro, Gibralfaro Hill and the Guadalmedina. Málaga's history spans about 2,800 years, making it one of the List of cities by time of continuous habitation#Europe, oldest continuously inhabited cities in Western Europe. According to most scholars, it was founded about 770BC by the Phoenicians from Tyre, Lebanon, Tyre as ''Malaka''. From the 6th centuryBC the city was under the hegemony of Ancient Cartha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artillery
Artillery consists of ranged weapons that launch Ammunition, munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms. Early artillery development focused on the ability to breach defensive walls and fortifications during sieges, and led to heavy, fairly immobile siege engines. As technology improved, lighter, more mobile field artillery cannons were developed for battlefield use. This development continues today; modern self-propelled artillery vehicles are highly mobile weapons of great versatility generally providing the largest share of an army's total firepower. Originally, the word "artillery" referred to any group of soldiers primarily armed with some form of manufactured weapon or armour. Since the introduction of gunpowder and cannon, "artillery" has largely meant cannon, and in contemporary usage, usually refers to Shell (projectile), shell-firing Field gun, guns, howitzers, and Mortar (weapon), mortars (collectively called ''barrel artillery'', ''cannon artil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Spain (1700–1808)
The Kingdom of Spain () entered a new era with the death of Charles II of Spain, Charles II, the last Habsburg Spain, Spanish Habsburg monarch, who died childless in 1700. The War of the Spanish Succession was fought between proponents of a House of Bourbon, Bourbon prince, Philip V of Spain, Philip of Anjou, and the Austrian House of Habsburg, Habsburg claimant, Archduke Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles. After the wars were ended with the Peace of Utrecht, Philip V of Spain, Philip V's rule began in 1715, although he had to renounce his place in the succession of the French throne. Spain entered a period of reform. Ideas of the Age of Enlightenment entered Spain and Spanish America during the eighteenth century. The invasion of the Iberian Peninsula by Napoleon Bonaparte in the Peninsular War upended the stability of the Spanish state and Spanish Empire, empire and although France was defeated, the turmoil in Spain led to the Spanish American wars of independence of 1808 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subsidies
A subsidy, subvention or government incentive is a type of government expenditure for individuals and households, as well as businesses with the aim of stabilizing the economy. It ensures that individuals and households are viable by having access to essential goods and services while giving businesses the opportunity to stay afloat and/or competitive. Subsidies not only promote long term economic stability but also help governments to respond to economic shocks during a recession or in response to unforeseen shocks, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Subsidies take various forms— such as direct government expenditures, tax incentives, soft loans, price support, and government provision of goods and services. For instance, the government may distribute direct payment subsidies to individuals and households during an economic downturn in order to help its citizens pay their bills and to stimulate economic activity. Here, subsidies act as an effective financial aid issued when the ec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Melilla (1774–1775)
The siege of Melilla was an attempt by the Sultanate of Morocco, supported by Great Britain and Algerian mercenaries, to capture the Spanish fortress of Melilla on the Moroccan Mediterranean coast. Mohammed ben Abdallah, then Sultan of Morocco, invaded Melilla in December 1774 with a large army of Royal Moroccan soldiers and Algerian mercenaries. The city was defended by a small garrison under Irish-born Governor Don Juan Sherlocke until the siege was lifted by a relief fleet in March 1775. Background In 1773, the Sultan Mohammed III sent the artillery commander Sidi Tahar Fenis as ambassador to Great Britain to acquire military equipment. On September 19, 1774, he sent a letter to Charles III with this matter, saying that peace between them could only be by sea. Therefore, Charles III declared war on the sultanate on 23 October 1774. Then the governor of Melilla was José Carrión de Andrade. In the city, there was a scarce garrison, which consisted of the fixed regiment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
