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Siege Of Djerba (1432)
The siege of Djerba in 1432 was one of the battles of the Aragonese expedition to Tunisia of 1432. Background The permanent ambition of Alfonso V of Aragon was always the Kingdom of Naples, which he had already tried to conquer in the war of 1420–1423. He thought that having a base in Tunisia would be useful for a future invasion of Italy, so he sent an expedition. Siege In 1432, taking advantage of the truce with Castile during the War of the Infants of Aragon, Alfonso V of Aragon went to sea again towards Italy, with a first stop on the island of Djerba, laying siege on August 15, until September 9. Abu Faris Abd al-Aziz II, the ruler of Tunis, faced him on the beach, but was defeated. Consequences Alfonso V's opportunity came in 1434 and 1435 with the successive deaths of Louis III and Queen Joana II. Alfonso was in Sicily waging war against the Hafsids, and he decided to conquer his precious kingdom, starting by attacking Gaeta. But the Aragonese fleet was defeat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Djerba
Djerba (; , ; ), also transliterated as Jerba or Jarbah, is a Tunisian island and the largest island of North Africa at , in the Gulf of Gabès, off the coast of Tunisia. Administratively, it is part of Medenine Governorate. The island had a population of 139,544 at the 2004 census, which rose to 163,726 at the 2014 census. Citing its long and unique history, Tunisia has sought UNESCO World Heritage status protections for the island, and, in 2023, Djerba was officially designated a World Heritage Site. History Djerba is speculated to have been the island of the lotus-eaters where Odysseus was stranded on his voyage through the Mediterranean Sea. Djerba was known as the island of Lytos in the time of the Greeks. It was possible to locate one of its villages from the Qantara Tower, and the name Djerba was given to the area near Houmt Souk. Antiquity The Berbers are indigenous to the Maghreb. They inhabited the coasts and mountains and worked in cultivating the land ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sicily
Sicily (Italian language, Italian and ), officially the Sicilian Region (), is an island in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe and is one of the 20 regions of Italy, regions of Italy. With 4.7 million inhabitants, including 1.2 million in and around the capital city of Palermo, it is both the largest and most populous island in the Mediterranean Sea. Sicily is named after the Sicels, who inhabited the eastern part of the island during the Iron Age. Sicily has a rich and unique culture in #Art and architecture, arts, Music of Sicily, music, #Literature, literature, Sicilian cuisine, cuisine, and Sicilian Baroque, architecture. Its most prominent landmark is Mount Etna, the tallest active volcano in Europe, and one of the most active in the world, currently high. The island has a typical Mediterranean climate. It is separated from Calabria by the Strait of Messina. It is one of the five Regions of Italy#Autonomous regions with s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aragonese Expedition To Tunisia Of 1424
The Aragonese Expedition to Tunisia began when Alfonso V of Aragon ordered an attack against the islands of Djerba and Kerkennah Islands, bases of pirates who attacked Sicily. Expedition Count Frederic de Luna and commanded a fleet that was collected by Peter of Aragon, the king's brother, who was resisting in Naples after the failure of Alfonso the Magnanimous's naval campaign. The fleet followed the coast to Genoa, blocking it, and intervening in the ports of Lestri, Bonifacio and Portofino. The expedition departed Malta on 10 September 1424 and made its way towards the North African coast. Djerba was impossible for them to conquer because it was well garrisoned but they managed to capture between 2,000 and 3,500 people. On the other hand, in the Kerkennah Islands the victory was complete and a lot of booty was obtained, capturing 3,000 people. They still dared to attack the city of Tunis, but it avoided the attack by giving them numerous presents and freeing many Christ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naples
Naples ( ; ; ) is the Regions of Italy, regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 908,082 within the city's administrative limits as of 2025, while its Metropolitan City of Naples, province-level municipality is the third most populous Metropolitan cities of Italy, metropolitan city in Italy with a population of 2,958,410 residents, and the List of urban areas in the European Union, eighth most populous in the European Union. Naples metropolitan area, Its metropolitan area stretches beyond the boundaries of the city wall for approximately . Naples also plays a key role in international diplomacy, since it is home to NATO's Allied Joint Force Command Naples and the Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean. Founded by Greeks in the 1st millennium BC, first millennium BC, Naples is one of the oldest continuously inhabited urban areas in the world. In the eighth century BC, a colony known as Parthenope () was e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aragonese Conquest Of Naples
The conquest of the Kingdom of Naples and its incorporation into the Crown of Aragon was carried out between 1435 and 1442 by King Alfonso V of Aragon. Background After the War of the Sicilian Vespers which started in 1282, Sicily was split into the Angevin "Kingdom of Sicily" (Naples) and Aragonese "Kingdom of Trinacria" (Sicily) which was reinforced by the Treaty of Villeneuve in 1372. Alfonso V's permanent ambition was always the Kingdom of Naples, and the opportunity came in 1434 and 1435 with the successive deaths of Louis III of Naples and Queen Joanna II of Naples, while heir René of Anjou was a prisoner at the court of Philip III of Burgundy since his defeat at the Battle of Bulgnéville in 1431. At the death of Louis III of Anjou, Queen Joana, who settled in Naples, found the support of the Duchy of Milan and the Papal States, irritated by the approach of Alfonso the Magnanimous to Amadeus VIII of Savoy and the Council of Basel, while the Republic of Florence and the R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papal States
The Papal States ( ; ; ), officially the State of the Church, were a conglomeration of territories on the Italian peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the pope from 756 to 1870. They were among the major states of Italy from the 8th century until the unification of Italy, which took place between 1859 and 1870, culminated in their demise. The state was legally established in the 8th century when Pepin the Short, king of the Franks, gave Pope Stephen II, as a temporal sovereign, lands formerly held by Arian Christian Lombards, adding them to lands and other real estate formerly acquired and held by the bishops of Rome as landlords from the time of Constantine onward. This donation came about as part of a process whereby the popes began to turn away from the Byzantine emperors as their foremost temporal guardians for reasons such as increased imperial taxes, disagreement with respect to iconoclasm, and failure of the emperors, or their exarchs in Italy, to pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Milan
The Duchy of Milan (; ) was a state in Northern Italy, created in 1395 by Gian Galeazzo Visconti, then the lord of Milan, and a member of the important Visconti of Milan, Visconti family, which had been ruling the city since 1277. At that time, it included twenty-six towns and the wide rural area of the middle Padan Plain east of the Montferrat, hills of Montferrat. During much of its existence, it was wedged between House of Savoy, Savoy to the west, Republic of Venice to the east, the Old Swiss Confederacy, Swiss Confederacy to the north, and separated from the Mediterranean by the Republic of Genoa to the south. The duchy was at its largest at the beginning of the 15th century, at which time it included almost all of what is now Lombardy and parts of what are now Piedmont, Veneto, Tuscany, and Emilia-Romagna. Under the House of Sforza, Milan experienced a period of great prosperity with the introduction of the silk industry, becoming one of the wealthiest states during the Ren ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of Genoa
The Republic of Genoa ( ; ; ) was a medieval and early modern Maritime republics, maritime republic from the years 1099 to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italy, Italian coast. During the Late Middle Ages, it was a major commercial power in both the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean and Black Sea. Between the 16th and 17th centuries, it was one of the major financial centres of Europe. Throughout its history, the Genoese Republic established Genoese colonies, numerous colonies throughout the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, including Corsica from 1347 to 1768, Monaco, Gazaria (Genoese colonies), Southern Crimea from 1266 to 1475, and the islands of Lesbos and Chios from the 14th century to 1462 and 1566, respectively. With the arrival of the early modern period, the Republic had lost many of its colonies, and shifted its focus to banking. This was successful for Genoa, which remained a hub of capitalism, with highly developed banks and trading companies. Genoa was known as ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Ponza (1435)
The naval battle of Ponza was fought in early August 1435, when the Duke of Milan dispatched the Genoese navy to relieve the besieged town of Gaeta, which was currently under threat from the King of Aragon. Conflict Joan II, Queen of Naples, died on 2 February 1435, and by her will bestowed Rene d'Anjou with the crown of Naples. However, Alfonso, king of Aragon and Sicily, whom Queen Joan II had primarily adopted, claimed the succession, on the ground of this first adoption. Thus the successionist war between the House of Anjou and the House of Barcelona over the Kingdom of Naples ensued. At this critical moment Rene d'Anjou was currently imprisoned in the Duchy of Burgundy and Alfonso of Aragon lost no time in stirring up his partisans in the Kingdom of Naples, whilst he himself sailed from Sicily with a large fleet to besiege Gaeta. Gaeta itself was garrisoned by the Genoese who shortly after Queen Joan's death dispatched ''Francesco Spinola'' with 800 infantry. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaeta
Gaeta (; ; Southern Latian dialect, Southern Laziale: ''Gaieta'') is a seaside resort in the province of Latina in Lazio, Italy. Set on a promontory stretching towards the Gulf of Gaeta, it is from Rome and from Naples. The city has played a conspicuous part in military history; its walls date to Ancient Rome, Roman times and were extended and strengthened in the 15th century, especially throughout the history of the Kingdom of Naples (later the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies). Present-day Gaeta is a fishing port and a renowned seaside resort. NATO has a naval base here. In 2025, it received the Blue Flag beach, blue and green flags from Foundation for Environmental Education, FEE for the twelfth consecutive year. It is one of the I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy"). History Ancient times Ancient Caieta was situated on the slopes of the Torre di Orlando, a promontory overlooking the Mediterranean Sea. It was inhabited by the Oscan language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joanna II Of Naples
Joanna II (; 25 June 1371 – 2 February 1435) was Queen of Naples from 1414 to her death in 1435, when the Capetian House of Anjou became extinct. As a mere formality, she used the title of Queen of Jerusalem, Sicily, and Hungary. Early life Joanna was born at Zara (present-day Zadar, Croatia), on 25 June 1371, as the daughter of Charles III of Naples and Margaret of Durazzo. After 1386 Marie of Blois Duchess Dowager of Anjou started negotiations about her son Louis II of Anjou's marriage with Joanna, but Louis flatly refused to marry the daughter of his father's principal enemy in May 1387. Joanna married her first husband, William, Duke of Austria, in Vienna in the autumn of 1401 when she was 28 years of age. He had been rejected as a husband by her cousin, Queen Hedwig of Poland. Joanna did not have any children by William, who died in 1406 after five years of marriage. After his death she acquired a lover by the name of , called "Alopo" ald whom she appointed Gra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hafsid Dynasty
The Hafsid dynasty ( ) was a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Berbers, Berber descentC. Magbaily Fyle, ''Introduction to the History of African Civilization: Precolonial Africa'', (University Press of America, 1999), 84. that ruled Ifriqiya (modern day Tunisia, western Libya, and eastern Algeria) from 1229 to 1574. The dynasty was founded by Abu Zakariya Yahya, who was initially appointed governor of the region by the Almohad caliph before declaring his independence. Under the reigns of Abu Zakariya and his successor, Muhammad I al-Mustansir, al-Mustansir (), the Hafsids consolidated and expanded their power, with Tunis as their capital. After al-Mustansir's death, internal conflicts resulted in a division between an eastern branch of the dynasty ruling from Tunis and a Hafsids of Béjaïa, western branch ruling from Béjaïa and Constantine, Algeria, Consantine. A reunification took place under Abu Yahya Abu Bakr II (), but his death was followed by another crisis during which the Marinid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
