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Shina Language
Shina ( , ) is a Dardic languages, Dardic language of Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language family spoken by the Shina people. In Pakistan, Shina is the major language in Gilgit-Baltistan spoken by an estimated 1,146,000 people living mainly in Gilgit-Baltistan and Kohistan District, Pakistan, Kohistan. A small community of Shina speakers is also found in India, in the Gurez valley of Jammu and Kashmir (union territory), Jammu and Kashmir and in Dras valley of Ladakh. Shina languages, Outliers of Shina language such as Brokskat are found in Ladakh, Kundal Shahi language, Kundal Shahi in Azad Kashmir, Palula language, Palula and Sawi language (Dardic), Sawi in Chitral, Ushoji language, Ushojo in the Swat District, Swat Valley and Kalkoti language, Kalkoti in Dir, Pakistan, Dir. Until recently, there was no writing system for the language. A number of schemes have been proposed, but presently, there is no single writing system used by speakers of Shina. Shina is mostly a spoke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Shina In Nastaliq
Shina may refer to: * Kohistani Shina language, an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan * Shina language, an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan * Shina people, an ethnic group in Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan People named Shina * Shina Matsudo (born 1973), Japanese freestyle swimmer * Shina Peters (born 1958), Nigerian Jùjú musician * Shina Pellar (born 1976), Nigerian entrepreneur * Shina Rambo (born 1960s), Nigerian bandit * Takeshi Shina (born 1966), Japanese politician * Yakir Shina (born 1985), Israeli footballer Others * ''Shina'' (word), a largely archaic Japanese term for China * Shina (''Bloody Roar''), Shina Gado, a character from the ''Bloody Roar'' video game series * Shina, Kabul, Afghanistan * S'hina, or Cholent, traditional Jewish stew * Shina wood, a kind of plywood commonly used in printing See also * * Shiina, a Japanese surname * Shin (other) * Sina (other) * Sheena (other) S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Ladakh
Ladakh () is a region administered by India as a union territory and constitutes an eastern portion of the larger Kashmir region that has been the subject of a Kashmir#Kashmir dispute, dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 and India and China since 1959.The application of the term "administered" to the various regions of Kashmir and a mention of the Kashmir dispute is supported by the WP:TERTIARY, tertiary sources (a) through (e), reflecting WP:DUE, due weight in the coverage. Although "controlled" and "held" are also applied neutrally to the names of the disputants or to the regions administered by them, as evidenced in sources (h) through (i) below, "held" is also considered politicised usage, as is the term "occupied", (see (j) below). (a) (subscription required) Quote: "Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent ... has been the subject of dispute between India and Pakistan since the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. The northern and wester ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Lahnda
Lahnda (; , ), also known as Lahndi (Lahanda, Lahinda) or Western Punjabi, is a group of north-western Indo-Aryan language varieties spoken in parts of Pakistan and India. It is defined in the ISO 639 standard as a " macrolanguage" or as a "series of dialects" by other authors. Its validity as a genetic grouping is not certain. The terms "Lahnda" and "Western Punjabi" are exonyms employed by linguists, and are not used by the speakers themselves. Lahnda includes the following dialects: Saraiki (spoken mostly in southern Pakistani Punjab by about 26 million people), the Jatki dialects (referred to as Punjabi by their ~50 million speakers, spoken in the Bar region of Punjab) i.e. Jhangvi, Shahpuri and Dhanni, the diverse varieties of Hindko (with almost five million speakers in north-western Punjab and neighbouring regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, especially Hazara), Pahari/Pothwari (3.5 million speakers in the Pothohar region of Punjab, Azad Kashmir and parts of Ind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Punjabi Language
Punjabi, sometimes spelled Panjabi, is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language native to the Punjab region of Pakistan and India. It is one of the most widely spoken native languages in the world, with approximately 150 million native speakers. Punjabi is the most widely-spoken first language in Pakistan, with 88.9 million native speakers according to the 2023 Pakistani census, and the 11th most widely-spoken in India, with 31.1 million native speakers, according to the 2011 Census of India, 2011 census. It is spoken among a Punjabi diaspora, significant overseas diaspora, particularly in Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, and the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, Gulf states. In Pakistan, Punjabi is written using the Shahmukhi alphabet, based on the Persian alphabet, Perso-Arabic script; in India, it is written using the Gurmukhi, Gurmukhi alphabet, based on the Brahmic scripts, Indic scripts. Punjabi is unusual among the Indo-Aryan languages and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Dir, Pakistan
Dir (Urdu, ) is a city in the Upper Dir District of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is sometimes known as Dir Khas (Proper Dir) to distinguish it from the district's name, Dir (Upper and Lower). It lies along the Dir River, a tributary of the Panjkora River. It is at the base of the Lowarai Pass, the main road to Chitral. Dir was founded in the 17th century. Mullā Ilyās, a 17th-century holy man, is said to have been the founder. It was the capital of the former princely state of Dir, until its full incorporation into Pakistan in 1969. The former royal palace is on a hill above the city. Dir was then the capital of the Dir District. When the Dir District was divided in 1996 into Upper and Lower Dir, Dir city and Timergara became its district headquarters respectively. Yusufzay Pashtuns make up the primary ethnic group in the region and in the city. Demographics Population The population of city in 1998 was 22,901 but according to the 2023 Census of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Kalkoti Language
Kalkoti, also known as Goedijaa, is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Kalkot Tehsil, in the Upper Dir district in Pakistan Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 241.5 million, having the Islam by country# .... Phonology The following tables outline the phonology of Kalkoti. Vowels Short vowels are slightly centralized; nasalization of vowels may be phonemic. Consonants The phonemes /q, ʦ, x, z, ɣ, ɽ/ have likely been introduced by loanwords. The voiceless aspirate series is secure, and, unlike the neighboring Palula language, Kalkoti does not have a breathy voiced series. The phonemic status of /ʔ/ is unclear and is likely tied to tone in Kalkoti. Tone Kalkoti's system of tone likely was similar to Shina's two tone system; however, under pressure from its Kohistani neighbors it may now have a mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Swat District
Swat District (), also known as the Swat Valley, is a Districts of Pakistan, district in the Malakand Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Known for its stunning natural beauty, the district is a popular tourist destination. With a population of 2,687,384 per the 2023 Pakistani census, 2023 national census, Swat is the 15th-largest district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Swat District is centred on the Valley of Swat, usually referred to simply as Swat, which is a natural geographic region surrounding the Swat River. The valley was a major centre of early Buddhism of the ancient civilisation of Gandhara, mainly Gandharan Buddhism, with pockets of Buddhism persisting in the valley until the 16th century Sultanate of Swat, conquest of Swat by the Yousafzais, after which the area became largely Muslim, along with the Pashtunization of Swat and its neighbouring regions. In the early 19th century, Swat emerged as an independent state under Saidu Baba. State of Swat became a Princely stat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Ushoji Language
Ushoji or Ushojo (, ; ) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in Kohistan and Swat districts of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Status Ushoji may be severely endangered due to the dominance of the Pashto language in the region, especially in Swat. Numerals Orthography Ushojo is written in a variety of the Torwali and Shina alphabets in the Perso-Arabic script in the Nastaliq ''Nastaliq'' (; ; ), also Romanization of Persian, romanized as ''Nastaʿlīq'' or ''Nastaleeq'' (), is one of the main book hand, calligraphic hands used to write Arabic script and is used for some Indo-Iranian languages, predominantly Persi ... style. ReferencesDecker 1992 Ushojo Dardic languages Languages of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa {{IndoAryan-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Chitral
Chitral () is a city situated on the Kunar River, Chitral River in northern area of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It serves as the capital of the Lower Chitral District, and was previously the capital of Chitral District, and before that the capital of Chitral (princely state), Chitral princely state. The region was encompassed into West Pakistan between the years 1969 and 1972. It has a population of 49,780 per the 2017 census. History Nothing definitive is recorded about the town's first settlers. In the 3rd century AD, Kanishka, the ruler of the Kushan Empire, occupied Chitral. In the 4th century AD, the Chinese overran the valley. Raees rule over Chitral began in 1320 and came to an end in the 15th century. From 1571 onwards Chitral was the capital of the princely state of Chitral under the rule of the Katur Dynasty. Ancient era file:Singoor.png, left, Gankoreneotek Grave in Singoor. The existence of the Gandhara grave culture, Gandharan Grave Culture in C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Sawi Language (Dardic)
Sawi, Savi, or Sauji, is an endangered Indo-Aryan language spoken in northeastern Afghanistan and north-western Pakistan. It is classified as a member of the Shina language cluster within the Dardic subgroup. It is spoken in the village of Sau, on the east bank of the Kunar River, around south of the town of Arandu, which is on the border with Pakistan's Chitral region. Sawi speakers consider themselves part of the Gawar ethnic group, which is found in half a dozen of the surrounding villages and whose language is Gawarbati. In communicating with them, the people of Sau reportedly resort to using Pashto. During the long period of unrest, the population of the village was displaced into refugee camps in Chitral and Dir, but reportedly many people have now returned to Afghanistan. History The closest relative of the Sawi language is the southern variety of Palula spoken in Ashret further up the Kunar Valley in Chitral. Many Sawi speakers are aware of the similarity betw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Palula Language
Palula (also spelt Phalura, Palola, Phalulo) and also known as Ashreti (''Aćharêtâʹ'') or Dangarikwar (the name used by Khowar speakers), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by approximately 10,000 people in the valleys of Ashret and Biori, as well as in the village of Puri (also Purigal) in the Shishi valley and at least by a portion of the population in the village Kalkatak, in the Chitral District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. In some of the smaller villages, Palula has either ceased to be spoken (in the village Ghos, situated near Drosh) or its speakers are largely shifting (as in Puri and Kalkatak) to the more widely spoken Khowar language. However, in the main Palula settlements in the Biori and Ashret valleys, it is a strong, vibrant and growing language, as the population in those areas increases and it is still with a few exceptions the mother tongue of almost all people. Palula is pronounced as /paːluːlǎː/, with three long vowels and a rising pitc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Azad Kashmir
Azad Jammu and Kashmir (), abbreviated as AJK and colloquially referred to as simply Azad Kashmir ( ), is a region administered by Pakistan as a nominally self-governing entitySee: * * * and constituting the western portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947.The application of the term "administered" to the various regions of Kashmir and a mention of the Kashmir dispute is supported by the tertiary sources (a) through (e), reflecting due weight in the coverage. Although "controlled" and "held" are also applied neutrally to the names of the disputants or to the regions administered by them, as evidenced in sources (h) through (i) below, "held" is also considered politicized usage, as is the term "occupied" (see (j) below). On its eastern side, Azad Kashmir is separated from the Indian–administered territory of Jammu and Kashmir by the Line of Control (LoC), which serves as the '' de facto'' bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |