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Shelling Of Newcastle
The Shelling of Newcastle was conducted by the Japanese submarine ''I-21'' in the early hours of 8 June 1942. The bombardment followed the attack on Sydney Harbour on 31 May, and was conducted shortly after ''I-24'' shelled the Eastern Suburbs of Sydney. During the attack ''I-21'' fired 34 shells at Newcastle, including eight illumination rounds, but caused little damage. The Australian gunners at Fort Scratchley fired four shells at the submarine, but scored no hits. Background During 1942 and 1943 Imperial Japanese Navy submarines conducted a number of patrols along Australia's east coast. On 16 May 1942 the submarine ''I-29'' attacked the Soviet freighter ''Wellen'' south-east of Newcastle, but did not cause any damage to the ship. In response, a naval force was dispatched from Sydney to attempt to locate the submarine and ships were not permitted to sail between Newcastle and Sydney for 24 hours. On 23 May ''I-29''s floatplane flew over Newcastle and Sydney searching for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pacific War
The Pacific War, sometimes called the Asia–Pacific War or the Pacific Theatre, was the Theater (warfare), theatre of World War II fought between the Empire of Japan and the Allies of World War II, Allies in East Asia, East and Southeast Asia, the Pacific Ocean, Pacific and Indian Oceans, and Oceania. It was geographically the largest theatre of the war, including the Pacific Ocean theater of World War II, Pacific Ocean theatre, the South West Pacific theater of World War II, South West Pacific theatre, the Second Sino-Japanese War, and the brief Soviet–Japanese War, and included some of the Largest naval battle in history, largest naval battles in history. War between Japan and the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China had begun in 1937, with hostilities dating back to Japanese invasion of Manchuria, Japan's invasion of Manchuria in 1931, but the Pacific War is more widely accepted to have started in 1941, when the United States and United Kingdom entered the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Attack On Sydney Harbour
From 31 May to 8 June 1942, during World War II, Imperial Japanese Navy submarines made a series of attacks on the Australian cities of Sydney and Newcastle, New South Wales, Newcastle. On the night of 31 May – 1 June, three Ko-hyoteki class submarine, ''Ko-hyoteki''-class midget submarines (M-14, M-21 and M-24), each with a two-member crew, entered Port Jackson, Sydney Harbour, avoided the partially constructed Sydney Harbour anti-submarine boom net, and attempted to sink Allied warships. Two of the midget submarines were detected and attacked before they could engage any Allied vessels. The crew of M-14 scuttling, scuttled their submarine, whilst M-21 was successfully attacked and sunk. The crew of M-21 killed themselves. These submarines were later recovered by the Allies. The third submarine attempted to torpedo the heavy cruiser , but instead sank the converted ferry , killing 21 sailors. This midget submarine's fate was unknown until 2006, when amateur scuba divers disco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australia In The War Of 1939–1945
''Australia in the War of 1939–1945'' is a 22-volume official history series covering Australian involvement in the Second World War. The series was published by the Australian War Memorial between 1952 and 1977, most of the volumes being edited by Gavin Long, who also wrote three volumes and the summary volume ''The Six Year War''. In contrast to the '' Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918'', the series has a greater focus on the war's impact upon domestic events, including volumes on operations of the Australian Government and contributions made by Australian industry and science. ''Australia in the War of 1939–1945'' includes a series on the history of the Australian military medical services and the problems encountered by these services during the war. Preparations C.E.W. Bean, the editor and principal author of the ''Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918'', proposed to the Australian government in late 1941 that preparations beg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trams In Newcastle, New South Wales
The Newcastle Tram System was an extensive network that operated between Newcastle and the outer suburb of Wallsend from 1887 to 1950. At its peak the line extended from the city to Speers Point and West Wallsend. The service was rarely profitable, and low utilisation for a variety of reasons including the convenience of buses led to it closing and the tracks being removed. History Steam Steam tram operations commenced in Newcastle on 6 July 1887, with a trial run between Newcastle and Plattsburg.Newcastle to Plattsburg by Steam Tram ''Trolley Wire'' issue 168 February 1977 pages 3-15 A depot was initially set up on the corner of Hunter and Perkins Streets. In 1893, the terminal was extended east to Parnell Place and the new larger depot constructed, with the original depot retained for light maintenance and repair work. Electrification Electrification occurred in the early 1920s, the first electric tram running in October 1923. All lines were fully electric by the end o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Newcastle Steelworks
The Newcastle Steelworks was built by BHP in Newcastle, New South Wales. Construction commenced in January 1913, with operations commencing in March 1915. It was officially opened on 2 June 1915 by Governor-General Ronald Munro Ferguson. Newcastle was selected due to its proximity to the Hunter Valley coalfields with the iron ore shipped from Whyalla. Having become one of the largest employers in Australia with a workforce that peaked at 11,000 in 1981, it closed on 30 September 1999. Demolition commenced in 2000. In 2022, the Department of Planning & Environment called for expressions of interest to redevelop the site. The steelworks had a rail network. Initially operated by steam locomotives, 32 and 37 class diesel locomotives were later introduced.Steelworks Sign-Off ''Railway Digest ''Railway Digest'' is a monthly magazine, published in Sydney, covering contemporary railways in Australia. Overview The magazine is published by the Australian Railway Historical Soci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deck Gun
A deck gun is a type of naval artillery mounted on the deck of a submarine. Most submarine deck guns were open, with or without a shield; however, a few larger submarines placed these guns in a turret. The main deck gun was a dual-purpose weapon used to sink merchant shipping or shell shore targets, or defend the submarine on the surface from enemy aircraft and warships. Typically a crew of three operated the gun, while others were tasked with supplying ammunition. A small locker box held a few 'ready-use' rounds. With a well-drilled, experienced crew, the rate of fire of a deck gun could be 15 to 18 aimed shots per minute. Some submarines also had additional deck guns like auto-cannons and machine guns for anti-aircraft defense. While similar unenclosed guns are often found on surface warships as secondary or defensive armament (such as the US Navy's 5-inch (127 mm)/25 caliber gun which was removed from battleships to mount on submarines), the term "deck gun" normally re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sydney Harbour Defences
Port Jackson, Sydney Harbour was protected by coastal battery, coastal batteries and other fixed defences from the early 19th century until the 1960s. These defences were constructed to protect the Australian city of Sydney from attack by enemy warships and submarines. Pre-Federation defences Sydney's earliest fortifications were built around Sydney Cove to protect the new colony of Sydney from attacks from non-British ships or Convictism in Australia, convict uprisings. In 1791 the Dawes Point Battery was meant to be the first line of defence against an attack by the Spanish Empire, while Fort Macquarie was built on the site of an earlier fort established in 1798. A gun emplacement was built in 1801 on Middle Head (north of Obelisk Bay) during the Napoleonic Wars, as well as another one at Georges Head Battery, Georges Head. Fort Phillip (Sydney), Fort Phillip was also built to protect from a potential French invasion in 1804, as well as following the Castle Hill convict rebel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Woollahra
Woollahra ( ) is a suburb in the Eastern Suburbs (Sydney), Eastern Suburbs of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Woollahra is located east of the Sydney central business district, in the Local government in Australia, local government area of the Municipality of Woollahra. Woollahra is located on the traditional land of the Birrabirragal and Gadigal people of the Eora, Eora Nation. The Municipality of Woollahra takes its name from the suburb but its administrative centre is located in Double Bay. Woollahra is known for its quiet, tree-lined residential streets and village-style shopping centre. History Woollahra is located on the traditional land of the Birrabirragal and Gadigal people of the Eora, Eora Nation. When European settlers arrived in 1788, First Fleet officer Daniel Southwell translated the local Aboriginal Australians, Aboriginal word (Dharug language) ''Woo-la-ra'' (also later spelt by others as ''Willarra'' and ''Wallara'') as meaning "lookout", b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rose Bay, New South Wales
Rose Bay is a harbourside Eastern Suburbs (Sydney), eastern suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Rose Bay is located seven kilometres east of the Sydney central business district, in the Local government in Australia, local government areas of Woollahra Council, Municipality of Woollahra (on its western side towards the bay) and Waverley Council (east of Old South Head Road). Geography Rose Bay has views of both the Sydney Opera House and the Sydney Harbour Bridge together. Lyne Park abuts Port Jackson, Sydney Harbour on its west. Shark Island (Port Jackson), Shark Island is located in Sydney Harbour, just north of Rose Bay. History The original name of the land now known as Rose Bay is Banarung, Dharag Language. Rose Bay was named after the Right Honourable George Rose (Treasurer of the Navy), George Rose, who was joint Secretary to the British Treasury with Thomas Steele (British politician), Thomas Steele, after whom Steel(e) Point at Nielsen P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bellevue Hill, New South Wales
Bellevue Hill is a harbourside suburb in the eastern suburbs of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia, located five kilometres east of the Sydney central business district, in the Municipality of Woollahra. The suburb is located within the Division of Wentworth electorate. History The area of contemporary Bellevue Hill was originally part of the lands of the Cadigal people. Their livelihood was composed of fishing and shellfish collecting. In the early 19th century, Irish-Australian immigrants referred to the area as Vinegar Hill, after the Battle of Vinegar Hill, an engagement during the 1798 uprising of the United Irishmen in south-east Ireland. Governor Lachlan Macquarie took great exception to this and decided to name the suburb Bellevue Hill, the ''belle vue'' meaning ''beautiful view''. The area became part of Daniel Cooper's estate, who passed most of it on his death in 1853 to his nephew, Sir Daniel Cooper. From the mid-19th century, land along the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shelling Of Newcastle Naval Intelligence Map
Shelling may refer to: * Shell (projectile), explosive used in wars * Searching for seashells * Shelling (topology) In mathematics, a shelling of a simplicial complex is a way of gluing it together from its maximal simplices (simplices that are not a face of another simplex) in a well-behaved way. A complex admitting a shelling is called shellable. Definition A ... * Wheelset deformation, that occur when the wheel has been worn out * Shelling (fishing), a fishing strategy used by dolphins. See also * {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SS Iron Chieftain
SS ''Iron Chieftain'' was a bulk carrier that was built in Scotland in 1937 for the Australian Broken Hill Pty, Ltd (BHP) to carry iron ore. A Japanese submarine sank her by torpedo off the coast of New South Wales in 1942, killing 12 of her crew. Her wreck is protected by the Australian federal Underwater Cultural Heritage Act 2018. Building In 1936 and 1937 Lithgows in Port Glasgow built four sister ships for BHP. ''Iron Baron'' and ''Iron King'' were launched in 1936. and ''Iron Chieftain'' were launched in 1937. ''Iron Chieftain'' was launched in 22 October and completed in December. The four ships shared a similar layout, with a bridge and main superstructure amidships and engine room and funnel aft. All four ships had the same beam of and depth of . ''Iron Knight'' and ''Iron Chieftain'' had a registered length of , which was longer than ''Iron Baron'' and ''Iron King''. ''Iron Chieftain''s tonnages were and . A Lithgows' subsidiary, David Rowan and Co of Glasgow, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
