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Shaikh Ghulam Muhy-ud-Din
Shaikh Ghulam Muhy-ud-Din () was a Sikh Empire-era administrator who served as Nazim (governor) of Jalandhar Doab and Kashmir during 1834–1841 and 1841–1846, respectively. He was succeeded by his son Shaikh Imam-ud-Din in both positions after his death. Biography Muhy-ud-Din was born in a poor Punjabi family in Hoshiarpur to Shaikh Ujala, who worked as a munshi for Sardar Bhup Singh of Guler State. He started his life as a shoe-maker. Later he took up service of Diwan Moti Ram and accompanied his son Kirpa Ram when the latter was appointed governor of Kashmir in 1827. Kirpa Ram entrusted to him the deputy-governorship. After four years Kirpa Ram was recalled and like him Muhy-ud-Din also faced imprisonment and fines due to the allegations of mismanagement. After a year Muhy-ud-Din regained his position and was sent with Prince Sher Singh to Kashmir to rehabilitate the shawl industry, again serving as deputy-governor during 1832–1834. In 1834 he was appointed governor of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sikh Empire
The Sikh Empire was a regional power based in the Punjab, Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent. It existed from 1799, when Maharaja Ranjit Singh captured Lahore, to 1849, when it was defeated and conquered by the East India Company, British East India Company following the Second Anglo-Sikh War. At its peak in the mid-19th century the empire extended from Gilgit and Tibet under Qing rule, Tibet in the north to the Thar Desert, deserts of Sindh in the south and from the Khyber Pass in the west to the Sutlej in the east, and was divided into eight provinces. Religiously diverse, with an estimated population of 4.5 million in 1831 (making it the List of countries by population in 1800, 19th most populous state at the time), it was the last major region of the Indian subcontinent to be annexed by the British Raj, British Empire. In 1799, Ranjit Singh of Sukerchakia Misl captured Lahore from the Sikh triumvirate which had been ruling it Sikh period in Lahore#Sikh triumvirate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diwan Kirpa Ram
Diwan Kirpa Ram (d. 1842), the youngest son of Diwan Moti Ram, was a civil administrator and soldier in the Sikh Empire. Family Diwan Kirpa Ram was born into a family with a rich legacy of military and administrative service. His grandfather Dewan Mokham Chand, contributed significantly to the early consolidation of territories that came under the sway of Ranjit Singh. His father, Moti Ram, was an honest, well-respected administrator and faithful courtier, who served as the governor of Kashmir for two terms. Diwan Kirpa Ram's brother, Diwan Ram Dayal, was killed in the line of duty while trying to enforce tribute collection from rebellious tribes in Hazara. Career Kirpa Ram managed the Jalandhar doab while his father, Diwan Moti Ram, was serving in Kashmir. In 1823, Diwan Kirpa Ram participated in the Battle of Nowshera against the Barakzai Afghans in the trans-Indus region on the banks of the river Kabul. He was with the advance troops and played a crucial role alongside ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamza Makhdoom
Hamza Makhdoom, popularly known as Makhdoom Sahib (), was a Sufi mystic living in the Kashmir Valley. He is sometimes referred to as Mehboob-ul-Alam (literally, "beloved of the world") and Sultan-ul-Arifeen (literally, "king among those who know God"). Early life Hamza Makhdoom was born as Muhammad Hamza Raina in the village of Tujjar near Sopore in Baramulla district. He was son of Usman Raina and Bibi Maryam who came from a Chandravanshi Rajput family of the Raina clan. According to tradition, teenage Hamza Makhdoom studied in the Shamsi Cha monastery for a year, and later studied jurisprudence, tradition, philosophy, logics, ethics and mysticism in a madrasa founded by Ismail Kubrawi. Teachings A prolific scholar and spiritual preacher, Hamza Makhdoom adhered to the tradition and was a disciple of Syed Jamal Uddin Bukhari of Delhi who was great grandson of Jahaniyan Jahangasht. He directed his teachings specifically to the followers of Islam, and under his influence a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sufi Lodge
A Sufi lodge is a building designed specifically for gatherings of a Sufi brotherhood or ''tariqa'' and is a place for spiritual practice and religious education. They include structures also known as ''khānaqāh'', ''zāwiya'', ''ribāṭ'', ''dargāh'' and ''takya'' depending on the region, language and period (see ). In Shia Islam, the Husayniyya has a similar function. The Sufi lodge is typically a large structure with a central hall and smaller rooms on either side. Traditionally, the Sufi lodge was state-sponsored housing for Sufis. Their primary function is to provide them with a space to practice social lives of asceticism. Buildings intended for public services, such as hospitals, kitchens, and lodging, are often attached to them. Sufi lodges were funded by Ayyubid sultans in Syria, Zangid sultans in Egypt, and Delhi sultans in India in return for Sufi support of their regimes. Terminology Sufi lodges were called by various names depending on period, location and l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Amritsar, 1846
The Treaty of Amritsar, executed by the British East India Company and Raja Gulab Singh of Jammu after the First Anglo-Sikh War, established the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir under the suzerainty of the British Indian Empire. Background The Battle of Sobraon in the First Anglo-Sikh War proved to be a decisive victory for the British East India Company over the Sikh Empire, inducing the Sikhs to sue for peace. Raja Gulab Singh, acting as the Wazir of the Sikh Empire, negotiated the terms of peace, which included the cession of the territory between the Sutlej and Beas, payment of 1.5 crore rupees in indemnity, and a drastic reduction in the Sikh army. After the agreement was reached, the British Governor-General marched to Lahore on 20 February 1846. Soon afterwards, Rani Jindan, the queen mother and regent of the Sikh Empire, replaced Gulab Singh with Lal Singh as the Wazir. Lal Singh informed the British that the Sikh Darbar had the resources to pay only 0.5 cro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jammu
Jammu () is a city in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir (union territory), Jammu and Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region.The application of the term "administered" to the various regions of Kashmir and a mention of the Kashmir dispute is supported by the WP:TERTIARY, tertiary sources (a) through (d), reflecting WP:DUE, due weight in the coverage. Although "controlled" and "held" are also applied neutrally to the names of the disputants or to the regions administered by them, as evidenced in sources (f) through (h) below, "held" is also considered politicised usage, as is the term "occupied," (see (i) below). (a) (subscription required) Quote: "Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent ... has been the subject of dispute between India and Pakistan since the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. The northern and western portions are administered by Pakistan and comprise three areas: Azad Kashmir, Gilgit, and Baltistan, the last two being part of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dogra Dynasty
The Dogra dynasty of Dogra Rajputs from the Shivalik hills created Jammu and Kashmir through the treaties with the East India Company following the First Anglo-Sikh war. Events led the Sikh Empire to recognise Jammu as a vassal state in 1820, and later the British added Kashmir to Jammu with the Treaty of Amritsar in 1846. The founder of the dynasty, Gulab Singh, was an influential noble in the court of the Sikh emperor Maharaja Ranjit Singh, while his brother Dhian Singh served as the prime minister of the Sikh Empire. Appointed by Ranjit Singh as the hereditary Raja of the Jammu principality, Gulab Singh established his supremacy over all the hill states surrounding the Kashmir Valley. After the First Anglo-Sikh War in 1846, under the terms of the Treaty of Lahore, 1846, the British East India Company acquired Kashmir from the Sikh Empire and transferred it to Gulab Singh, recognising him as an independent Maharaja. Thus, Jammu and Kashmir was established as one of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adhan
The (, ) is the Islamic call to prayer, usually recited by a muezzin, traditionally from the minaret of a mosque, shortly before each of the five obligatory daily prayers. The adhan is also the first phrase said in the ear of a newborn baby, and often the first thing recited in a new home. It is the first call summoning Muslims to enter the mosque for obligatory () prayers (); a second call, known as the , summons those already in the mosque to assemble for prayer. Muslims are encouraged to stop their activities and respond to the adhan by performing prescribed prayers, demonstrating reverence for the call to prayer and commitment to their faith. The five prayer times are known in Arabic as (), (), (), (), and (). In Turkey, they are called , and ; the five calls to prayer are sung in different makams, corresponding to the time of day. Terminology , Arabic for 'announcement', from the root , meaning 'to listen, to hear, be informed about', is variously transliterated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jamia Masjid, Srinagar
The Jamia Masjid () is a Friday mosque located at Nowhatta in the Old City of Srinagar, in the Indian administered union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The mosque was commissioned by Sultan Sikandar in 1394 CE and completed in 1402 CE, at the behest of Mir Mohammad Hamadani, son of Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani, and is regarded as one of the most important mosques in Kashmir. The mosque is located in a central zone in the religio-political life in Srinagar. Thronged by Muslims every Friday, it is a prime tourist attraction of the city. The mosque has been the site of anti-India protests over generations, and has become a platform for people to debate and discuss the politics of the Kashmir conflict. History Sikh Era (1819–1846 CE) For 21 years, the mosque faced closure under the Sikh empire of Maharaja Ranjit Singh beginning in 1819 CE, when the-then Governor of Srinagar, Moti Ram, put curbs on offering prayers in Jamia Masjid. No prayers were offered and no call for prayers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Shopian
The Battle of Shopian took place on 3 July 1819 between an expeditionary force from the Sikh Empire and Jabbar Khan, the governor of the Kashmir Valley province of the Durrani Empire. It was the decisive battle during the Sikh expedition into Kashmir in 1819. Background From 1814 to 1819, the Sikh Empire was forced to send successive punitive expeditions against the hill states of Bhimber, Rajauri, Poonch, Nurpur, and others. By subduing rebellions in these states, the Sikh Empire was attempting to keep control of the routes through the Pir Panjal Range and into Kashmir. However the Durrani Empire kept de facto control of the areas because the Pir Panjal Range blocked supplies and fresh troops to the Sikh armies. After the death of Fateh Khan Wazir in 1818, governor Azim Khan left Kashmir for Kabul to assume Wazir's office, leaving Jabbar Khan in charge of Kashmir. Birbal Dhar, Azim Khan's revenue minister, betrayed his master and traveled to Lahore, the capital of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kashmiri Muslims
Kashmiri Muslims are ethnic Kashmiris who practice Islam and are native to the Kashmir Valley of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir. Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China." The majority of Kashmiri Muslims are Sunni, while Shias form a minority. They refer to themselves as "Koshur" in the Kashmiri language. Presently, the Kashmiri Muslim population is predominantly found in Kashmir Valley. Smaller Kashmiri Muslim communities also live in other regions of Jammu and Kashmir. Kashmiri Muslims are of the same stock as the Kashmiri Hindu community. Both Kashmiri Hindus and Muslims trace their descent patrilineally. Certain property and titles may be inherited through the male line, but certain inheritances may accrue through the female line. After Kashmiri Hindus had converted to Islam they largely retained their family names (''kram'') which indicated their original pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bomba (tribe)
The Bomba, also spelled Bambas, are a Rajput tribe found in the Pakistani-controlled territory of Azad Jammu and Kashmir and the Indian-controlled Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. In Azad Kashmir, they are primarily found in Muzaffarabad and Neelum districts, with a large number concentrated in and around the town of Ghori. Outside of Azad Kashmir, they are also found in the Boi and Kaghan valleys of Mansehra District, and the city of Abbottabad, all located in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. In Jammu and Kashmir, they are found in the Poonch and Rajouri districts of Jammu division. History and origin The Bomba clan claim descent were from Arab tribes but produce least claim to sustain this ancestry, in fact they are descendants of Khas people who inhabited the tracts of the Karnah (Karnav) region. The rajas of the Bomba clan ruled Karnah till the Sikh conquest of Kashmir. The Karnav Bombas and their supporters, the Khakha chiefs of Vitasta valley, were invaded in 1846. The Bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
