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Sepik–Ramu Languages
The Sepik–Ramu languages are an obsolete language family of New Guinea linking the Sepik, Ramu, Nor–Pondo (Lower Sepik), Leonhard Schultze (Walio–Papi) and Yuat families, together with the Taiap language isolate, and proposed by Donald Laycock and John Z'graggen in 1975.Laycock, D. C. and Z'graggen, John A. 1975. The Sepik-Ramu Phylum. In Wurm, S.A. (ed.), Papuan Languages and the New Guinea Linguistic Scene, New Guinea Area Languages and Language Study 1, 729-763. Australian National University. Sepik–Ramu would consist of a hundred languages of the Sepik and Ramu river basins of northern Papua New Guinea, but spoken by only 200,000 people in all. The languages tend to have simple phonologies, with few consonants or vowels and usually no tones. The best known Sepik–Ramu language is Iatmül. The most populous are Iatmül's fellow Ndu languages Abelam and Boiken, with about 35,000 speakers apiece. Malcolm Ross and William A. Foley separately re-evaluated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Guinea
New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; , fossilized , also known as Papua or historically ) is the List of islands by area, world's second-largest island, with an area of . Located in Melanesia in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is separated from Mainland Australia, Australia by the wide Torres Strait, though both landmasses lie on the same continental shelf, and were united during episodes of low sea level in the Pleistocene glaciations as the combined landmass of Sahul. Numerous smaller islands are located to the west and east. The island's name was given by Spanish explorer Yñigo Ortiz de Retez during his maritime expedition of 1545 due to the perceived resemblance of the indigenous peoples of the island to those in the Guinea (region), African region of Guinea. The eastern half of the island is the major land mass of the nation of Papua New Guinea. The western half, known as Western New Guinea, forms a part of Indonesia and is organized as the provinces of Pap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abelam Language
Abelam (or Ambulas, Abulas) is the third and most prevalent of the Ndu languages of Sepik River region of northern Papua New Guinea. Dialects are Maprik, Wingei, Wosera-Kamu, Wosera-Mamu. Phonology , u The comma is a punctuation mark that appears in several variants in different languages. Some typefaces render it as a small line, slightly curved or straight, but inclined from the vertical; others give it the appearance of a miniature fille ...may be heard as a realization of the sequences /əj/, /əw/ or resulting in syllabic forms of /j, w/. References External linksOLAC resources in and about the Ambulas language From the Anthony Forge Papers. MSS 411. Special Collections & Archives, UC San Diego. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ataitan Languages
The Ataitan languages, also known as the Tanggu or Moam River languages, are a small family of clearly related languages spoken in the region of the Moam River in Papua New Guinea. They are, * Andarum (Kaje) * Tanguat * Igom + Tangu (Tanggu) Z'graggen named the family "Ataitan" as an acronym of the language names. Usher names it after the local river. They are classified among the Ramu languages of northern Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean n .... Phonemes Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows: : Vowels are *i *ʉ *u *a. Pronouns Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as: : Plus 1sg object *na. Proto-Tamolan–Ataitan (Proto-Guam–Moam) is nearly identical, except for not having the ɣsuffixes, and the final vowels of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Misegian Languages
The Misegian, also known as Mikarew or Ruboni Range languages, are a small family of clearly related languages, : Giri, Sepen, and Mikarew (Aruamu). They are generally classified among the Ramu languages of northern Papua New Guinea. The Misegian languages are all spoken in Yawar Rural LLG, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean n .... Phonemes Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows: : : Pronouns Usher reconstructs the pronouns as: : As of 2020, these are tagged for revision. References External links * Timothy Usher, New Guinea WorldProto–Ruboni Range {{Ramu–Lower Sepik languages Lower Ramu languages Languages of Madang Province ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottilien Languages
The Ottilien or Watam-Awar-Gamay languages are a small family of clearly related languages, : Watam– Kaian, Gamei (Mbore), and Bosman– Awar. They are generally classified among the Ramu languages of northern Papua New Guinea. The Ottilien languages are all spoken in Yawar Rural LLG, in locations mostly along the coast of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. Watam and Bosman share plural morphology with Lower Sepik (Nor–Pondo), supporting the Ramu – Lower Sepik language-family proposal. The family is named for the mouth of the Ottilien River, now known as the Ramu. Phonemes Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows: : : Pronouns Pronouns in proto-Watam-Awar-Gamay (proto-Ottilien) reconstructed by Foley (2005) are: : See also Lower Ramu languages#Pronouns. Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as: : Proto-Ottilien A phonological reconstruction of proto-Watam-Awar-Gamay (proto-Ottilien) has been proposed by Foley (2005). ;proto-Watam-Aw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annaberg Languages
The Middle Ramu or Annaberg languages are a small language family of Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. It is no longer accepted as a valid grouping by Glottolog, but is accepted by Foley (2018). Wurm (1982) classified Aian, at his 'family' level, in a more distant ''stock''-level relationship with Rao (Annaberg): *Annaberg **'' Rao'' (Annaberg) **Aian family: Anor, Aiome The Annaberg family is generally classified among the Ramu languages of northern Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean n .... References External links * Timothy Usher, New Guinea WorldProto–South Ramu River {{Ramu–Lower Sepik languages Ramu languages Languages of Madang Province ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arafundi Languages
The Arafundi languages are a small family of clearly related languages in East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea. They are conjectured to be related to the Piawi and Madang languages. They are named after the Arafundi River. Alfendio is an old synonym for ''Arafundi'', from when it was still considered a single language. Languages The Arafundi languages form a dialect continuum where language boundaries are blurred. The Arafundi languages are,Usher, Timothy (2020) New Guinea WorldArafundi River/ref> * Nanubae * Tapei * Andai (Meakambut) * Awiakay (Karamba) Kassell, et al. (2018) recognize Andai, Nanubae, and Tapei. Foley (2018) cites Hoenigman (2015) for 'Upper Arafundi' and 'Lower Arafundi', as well as listing Awiakay and 'Imboin'. However, the scope of these names is somewhat confused. Usher notes, An Enga-based pidgin is also used by speakers of Arafundi languages. Classification Laycock (1973) grouped the Arafundi languages with the Ramu languages, although (accor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grass Languages
The Grass languages are a group of languages in the Ramu language family. It is accepted by Foley (2018), but not by Glottolog. They are spoken in East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea, with a small number of speakers also located just across the provincial border in Madang Province. External relationships Foley (2018) notes that Grass languages share very few lexical items with the other Ramu languages, with virtually no lexical cognates Banaro and Ap Ma. However, the Grass languages are still classified as Ramu due to widely shared morphosyntax and typology. Foley (2018: 205) leaves open the possibility of Grass being a third branch of the Lower Sepik-Ramu family, with Lower Sepik and Ramu being sister branches. Like the neighboring Yuat languages, Grass languages distinguish between inclusive and exclusive first person pronouns, a feature not found in most other Papuan languages. This typological feature has diffused from Yuat into the Grass languages. Classifications T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papi Languages
Papi or PAPI may refer to: Places * Papi District, an administrative subdivision of Iran * Papı, a village in Azerbaijan * Papi Hills, Andhra Pradesh, India Arts and entertainment * "Papi" (song), a 2011 song by Jennifer Lopez from ''Love?'' * "Papi", a track from the album '' Straight Outta Oz'' by Todrick Hall * Papi (''The L Word'' character), a character in the TV series ''The L Word'' * ''Papi'' (film), a 2018 Belgian-Ugandan-French film * Papi, a character from the Japanese manga series '' Monster Musume'' * '' Paapi'', a 1977 Indian film by O. P. Ralhan * '' Paapi - Ek Satya Katha'', a 2013 Indian film by Aziz Sejawal PAPI * Performance Application Programming Interface in computer science * Personality and Preference Inventory, a personality measure designed for the workplace * Precision approach path indicator, a visual guidance system for aircraft pilots Other uses * Papi (name), including a list of people with the name * Papi language Papi (Paupe; also k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walio Languages
The Walio languages are a small family of clearly related languages, : Walio, Pei, Yawiyo, and Tuwari. However, they are not close: Walio and Yawiyo have only a 12% lexical similarity. They are frequently classified among the Sepik languages of northern Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an island country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean n ..., though '' Glottolog'' leaves them out. ''Glottolog'' 3.4 classifies the Walio languages as an independent language family. References * {{Sepik languages Leonhard Schultze languages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethnologue
''Ethnologue: Languages of the World'' is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world. It is the world's most comprehensive catalogue of languages. It was first issued in 1951 and is now published by SIL International, an American evangelical Parachurch organization, Christian non-profit organization. Overview and content ''Ethnologue'' has been published by SIL Global (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics), a Christian linguistics, linguistic service organization with an international office in Dallas, Texas. The organization studies numerous minority languages to facilitate language development, and to work with speakers of such language communities in translating portions of the Bible into their languages. Despite the Christian orientation of its publisher, ''Ethnologue'' is not ideologically or theologically biased. ''Ethnologue'' includes alternative names and Exo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramu–Lower Sepik Languages
The Ramu–Lower Sepik Lower Sepik–Ramu languages are a proposed family of about 35 Papuan languages spoken in the Ramu and Sepik river basins of northern Papua New Guinea. These languages tend to have simple phonologies, with few consonants or vowels and usually no tones. Overview Two primary branches are typically accepted: * Lower Sepik (Nor–Pondo) *Ramu However, Foley (2018) also considers the possibility of Grass being a third primary branch. Usher classifies some of the Grass languages (the Keram languages) as being coordinate with Ramu, and some (the Porapora languages) as being part of Ramu. The relatedness of the three branches are held together by morphological evidence, as very few lexical cognates are shared among them. The family was proposed by William A. Foley and accepted by Malcolm Ross. Its two branches, Ramu and Lower Sepik, had belonged to Donald Laycock's now-defunct 1973 Sepik–Ramu proposal. If related, they are not close. The connection is no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
