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Second Rome (other)
Second Rome most commonly refers to Constantinople, which was the capital of the Roman Empire from 330 onwards, lasting as the capital for the subsequent Byzantine Empire until its fall in 1453. The term may also refer to: * Holy Roman Empire, as a "second Roman Empire" through ''translatio imperii''. *Papal States, as the state governing Rome itself through most of the Middle Ages. See also * Nova Roma (other) * New Rome (other) * Rome II (other) * Rome (other) * Third Rome The continuation, succession, and revival of the Roman Empire is a running theme of the history of Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. It reflects the lasting memories of power, prestige, and unity associated with the Roman Empire. Several pol ... {{Disambiguation City nicknames Rome-related lists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantinople
Constantinople (#Names of Constantinople, see other names) was a historical city located on the Bosporus that served as the capital of the Roman Empire, Roman, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine, Latin Empire, Latin, and Ottoman Empire, Ottoman empires between its consecration in 330 until 1930, when it was renamed to Istanbul. Initially as New Rome, Constantinople was founded in 324 during the reign of Constantine the Great on the site of the existing settlement of Byzantium, and shortly thereafter in 330 became the capital of the Roman Empire. Following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the late 5th century, Constantinople remained the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire (also known as the Byzantine Empire; 330–1204 and 1261–1453), the Latin Empire (1204–1261), and the Ottoman Empire (1453–1922). Following the Turkish War of Independence, the Turkish capital then moved to Ankara. Although the city had been known as Istanbul since 1453, it was officially renamed as Is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire ruled the Mediterranean and much of Europe, Western Asia and North Africa. The Roman people, Romans conquered most of this during the Roman Republic, Republic, and it was ruled by emperors following Octavian's assumption of effective sole rule in 27 BC. The Western Roman Empire, western empire collapsed in 476 AD, but the Byzantine Empire, eastern empire lasted until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. By 100 BC, the city of Rome had expanded its rule from the Italian peninsula to most of the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean and beyond. However, it was severely destabilised by List of Roman civil wars and revolts, civil wars and political conflicts, which culminated in the Wars of Augustus, victory of Octavian over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, and the subsequent conquest of the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Egypt. In 27 BC, the Roman Senate granted Octavian overarching military power () and the new title of ''Augustus (title), Augustus'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived History of the Roman Empire, the events that caused the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th centuryAD, it endured until the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453. The term 'Byzantine Empire' was coined only after its demise; its citizens used the term 'Roman Empire' and called themselves 'Romans'. During the early centuries of the Roman Empire, the western provinces were Romanization (cultural), Latinised, but the eastern parts kept their Hellenistic culture. Constantine the Great, Constantine I () legalised Christianity and moved the capital to Constantinople. Theodosius I, Theodosius I () made Christianity the state religion and Greek gradually replaced Latin for official use. The empire adopted a defensive strategy and, throughout its remaining history, expe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fall Of Constantinople
The Fall of Constantinople, also known as the Conquest of Constantinople, was the capture of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire. The city was captured on 29 May 1453 as part of the culmination of a 55-day siege which had begun on 6 April. The attacking Army of the classical Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Army, which significantly outnumbered Constantinople's defenders, was commanded by the 21-year-old List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror, Mehmed II (later nicknamed "the Conqueror"), while the Byzantine army (Palaiologan era), Byzantine army was led by List of Byzantine emperors, Emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos. After conquering the city, Mehmed II made Constantinople the new Ottoman capital, replacing Edirne, Adrianople. The fall of Constantinople and of the Byzantine Empire was a watershed of the Late Middle Ages, marking the effective end of the Roman Empire, a state which began in roughly 27 BC and had la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor. It developed in the Early Middle Ages, and lasted for a millennium until its Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, dissolution in 1806 during the Napoleonic Wars. For most of its history the Empire comprised the entirety of the modern countries of Germany, Czechia, Austria, the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Luxembourg, most of north-central Italy, and large parts of modern-day east France and west Poland. On 25 December 800, Pope Leo III crowned the Frankish king Charlemagne Roman emperor, reviving the title more than three centuries after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476. The title lapsed in 924, but was revived in 962 when Otto I, OttoI was crowned emperor by Pope John XII, as Charlemagne's and the Carolingian Empire's successor. From 962 until the 12th century, the empire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Translatio Imperii
is a historiographical concept that was prominent among medieval thinkers and intellectuals in Europe, but which originated from earlier concepts in antiquity. According to this concept, the notion of ''decline and fall'' of an empire is theoretically replaced by a natural succession from one empire to another. ''Translatio'' implies that an empire can metahistorically be transferred from hand to hand and place to place, from Troy to Romans and Greeks to Franks (both claiming to be Romans) and further on to Spain, and has therefore survived.Pocock, J.G.A. (2003) ''Barbarism and Religion'', Cambridge University Press , Chapter 7 The historiography of the translatio imperii(pp. 127–150) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511490675.009 In classic antiquity, an authoritative user of this scheme was Virgil, who has been traditionally ranked as one of Rome's greatest poets. In his work ''Aeneid'', which has been considered the national epic of ancient Rome, he linked the Rome in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papal States
The Papal States ( ; ; ), officially the State of the Church, were a conglomeration of territories on the Italian peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the pope from 756 to 1870. They were among the major states of Italy from the 8th century until the unification of Italy, which took place between 1859 and 1870, culminated in their demise. The state was legally established in the 8th century when Pepin the Short, king of the Franks, gave Pope Stephen II, as a temporal sovereign, lands formerly held by Arian Christian Lombards, adding them to lands and other real estate formerly acquired and held by the bishops of Rome as landlords from the time of Constantine onward. This donation came about as part of a process whereby the popes began to turn away from the Byzantine emperors as their foremost temporal guardians for reasons such as increased imperial taxes, disagreement with respect to iconoclasm, and failure of the emperors, or their exarchs in Italy, to pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nova Roma (other)
Nova Roma is a Roman reconstructionist organization. Nova Roma (or "New Rome") may also refer to: * Constantinople, also sometimes called Second Rome (other), Second Rome * Nova Roma, Goiás, a town in Brazil * Nova Roma (2018 short film), ''Nova Roma'' (2018 short film) * Italian imperialism under Fascism, as ''Nova Roma'' See also * *Constantinople (other) *Roma (other) *Rome (other) *New Rome *New Rome (other) *Third Rome *Second Rome (other) *Rome II (other) {{Disambig City nicknames Lists of cities by nickname Rome-related lists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Rome (other)
New Rome is another name for Constantinople. New Rome may also refer to: Places United States * New Rome, Minnesota *New Rome, Ohio * New Rome, Wisconsin Other *Paris, designated ' at various stages of history between the reigns of Philip IV and Louis XIV *Italian Empire, as an empire *New Rome, the city that serves as the setting of the 2024 film ''Megalopolis'' See also * * Rome (other) * New Roman Empire (other) *Byzantium * Constantinople (other) *Nova Roma *Nova Roma (other) * Rome II (other) *Second Rome (other) *Third Rome *Times New Roman * Pax Americana *Translatio imperii is a historiographical concept that was prominent among medieval thinkers and intellectuals in Europe, but which originated from earlier concepts in antiquity. According to this concept, the notion of ''decline and fall'' of an empire is theor ... {{disambiguation, geo City nicknames Lists of cities by nickname Rome-related lists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rome II (other)
Rome II may refer to: * Rome II Regulation, governing choice of law in the European Union in disputes about non-contractual obligations * Rome II, part of the Rome process about the diagnosis and treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders * '' Total War: Rome II'', a 2013 strategy video game See also * Nova Roma (other) * Second Rome (other) * New Rome (other) * Rome (other) *Second Vatican Council The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, commonly known as the or , was the 21st and most recent ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. The council met each autumn from 1962 to 1965 in St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City for session ... * University of Rome Tor Vergata, also known as the University of Rome II *Season 2 of ''Rome'' (TV series) {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rome (other)
Rome is the English name of the capital of Italy. The city, called ''Roma'' in Latin and Italian, was also the first capital of the Roman Empire and the seat of the papacy. Rome may also refer to: Ancient history * Ancient Rome, a civilization of classical antiquity, comprising: ** The Roman Kingdom (753–509 BC), the regal period following the founding of Rome ** The Roman Republic (509–27 BC), the era of expansion under republican government ** The Roman Empire (27 BC–AD 395), the era of autocratic rule by emperors ** The Western Roman Empire (AD 395–476), the western division of the late Empire until its fall Arts, entertainment, and media Games * '' Europa Universalis: Rome'', a 2008 computer strategy game * '' Rome: Pathway to Power'', a 1992 computer adventure game * '' Rome: Total War'', a 2004 computer strategy game * '' Total War: Rome II'', a 2013 sequel to the computer strategy game ''Rome: Total War'' Music * Rome (band), Luxembourgish neofolk band ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Third Rome
The continuation, succession, and revival of the Roman Empire is a running theme of the history of Europe and the Mediterranean Basin. It reflects the lasting memories of power, prestige, and unity associated with the Roman Empire. Several polities have claimed immediate continuity with the Roman Empire, using its name or a variation thereof as their own exclusive or non-exclusive self-description. As centuries went by and more political ruptures occurred, the idea of institutional continuity became increasingly debatable. The most enduring and significant claimants of continuation of the Roman Empire have been, in the East, the Ottoman Empire and Russian Empire, which both claimed succession of the Byzantine Empire after 1453; and in the West, the Carolingian Empire (9th century) and the Holy Roman Empire from 800 to 1806. Many of these claims were monarchist in nature, with the ethnic or national identity of the Ancient Romans never actually becoming established among the com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
