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Second-generation Gender Bias
Second-generation gender bias refers to practices that may appear neutral or non-sexist, in that they apply to everyone, but which discriminate against a gender because they reflect the values of the gender who created or developed the setting, usually a workplace. It is contrasted with first-generation bias, which is deliberate, usually involving intentional exclusion. An example of second-generation gender bias is that leaders are expected to be assertive, so that women who act in a more collaborative fashion are not viewed as leaders, but women who do act assertively are often perceived as too aggressive.Sherrie Bourg Carter"The Invisible Barrier: Second Generation Gender Discrimination" ''Psychology Today'', 1 May 2011. This kind of bias, or gender stereotyping, can be entirely unconscious. First- and second-generation bias The first-generation bias was a function of practices that were once legal. With legislative changes that make gender discrimination illegal in the wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sexism
Sexism is prejudice or discrimination based on one's sex or gender. Sexism can affect anyone, but it primarily affects women and girls.There is a clear and broad consensus among academic scholars in multiple fields that sexism refers primarily to discrimination against women, and primarily affects women. See, for example: * Defines sexism as "prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination, typically against women, on the basis of sex". * Defines sexism as "prejudice or discrimination based on sex or gender, especially against women and girls". Notes that "sexism in a society is most commonly applied against women and girls. It functions to maintain patriarchy, or male domination, through ideological and material practices of individuals, collectives, and institutions that oppress women and girls on the basis of sex or gender." * Notes that Sexism' refers to a historically and globally pervasive form of oppression against women." * Notes that "sexism usually refers to prejudi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Identity Threat
Identity may refer to: * Identity document * Identity (philosophy) * Identity (social science) * Identity (mathematics) Arts and entertainment Film and television * ''Identity'' (1987 film), an Iranian film * ''Identity'' (2003 film), an American slasher film * ''Identity'' (game show), an American game show * ''Identity'' (TV series), a British police procedural drama television series * "Identity" (''Arrow''), a 2013 episode * "Identity" (''Burn Notice''), a 2007 episode * "Identity" (''Charlie Jade''), a 2005 episode * "Identity" (''Legend of the Seeker''), a 2008 episode * "Identity" (''Law & Order: Special Victims Unit'' episode), 2005 * "Identity" (''NCIS: Los Angeles''), a 2009 pilot episode Music Albums * ''Identity'' (3T album), 2004 * ''Identity'' (BoA album), 2010 * ''Identity'' (Far East Movement album), 2016 * ''Identity'' (Robert Pierre album), 2008 * ''Identity'' (Raghav album), 2008 * ''Identity'' (Victon EP), 2017 * ''Identity'' (Zee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chauvinism
Chauvinism is the unreasonable belief in the superiority or dominance of one's own group or people, who are seen as strong and virtuous, while others are considered weak, unworthy, or inferior. It can be described as a form of extreme patriotism and nationalism, a fervent faith in national excellence and glory. In English, the word has come to be used in some quarters as shorthand for male chauvinism, a trend reflected in ''Merriam-Webster's Dictionary'', which, as of 2018, begins its first example of use of the term ''chauvinism'' with "an attitude of superiority toward members of the opposite sex". As nationalism According to legend, French soldier Nicolas Chauvin was badly wounded in the Napoleonic Wars and received a meager pension for his injuries. After Napoleon abdicated, Chauvin maintained his fanatical Bonapartist belief in the messianic mission of Imperial France, despite the unpopularity of this view under the Bourbon Restoration. His single-minded devotion to his cau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harvard Business Review
''Harvard Business Review'' (''HBR'') is a general management magazine published by Harvard Business Publishing, a wholly owned subsidiary of Harvard University. ''HBR'' is published six times a year and is headquartered in Brighton, Massachusetts. ''HBR'' covers a wide range of topics that are relevant to various industries, management functions, and geographic locations. These include leadership, negotiation, strategy, operations, marketing, and finance. ''Harvard Business Review'' has published articles by Clayton Christensen, Peter F. Drucker, Michael E. Porter, Rosabeth Moss Kanter, John Hagel III, Thomas H. Davenport, Gary Hamel, C. K. Prahalad, Vijay Govindarajan, Robert S. Kaplan, Rita Gunther McGrath and others. Several management concepts and business terms were first given prominence in ''HBR''. ''Harvard Business Review''s worldwide English-language circulation is 250,000. HBR licenses its content for publication in thirteen languages besid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meyerson
Meyerson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * A. Frederick Meyerson (1918–2009), New York politician and judge * Agda Meyerson (1866–1924), Swedish nurse and healthcare profession activist * Bernard S. Meyerson (born 1954), American physicist * Charlie Meyerson, American journalist * Émile Meyerson (1859–1933), Polish-born French chemist and philosopher of science * Golda Meyerson, better known as Golda Meir (1898–1978), Russian-born Israeli politician * Harold Meyerson (born 1950), American columnist * Jin Meyerson (born 1972), American painter * Jonah Meyerson (born 1991), American actor * Morton Meyerson (born 1938), American businessman See also *Morton H. Meyerson Symphony Center in Dallas, Texas *Meyerson Hall of the University of Pennsylvania, housing its School of Design * Meyerson convention a defensive bidding convention in bridge * Myerson *Meyer (other) Meyer may refer to: People *Meyer (surname), listing people so named * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gender Schema Theory
Gender schema theory was formally introduced by Sandra Bem in 1981 as a cognitive theory to explain how individuals become gendered in society, and how sex-linked characteristics are maintained and transmitted to other members of a culture.Bem, S. L. (1981). Gender schema theory: A cognitive account of sex typing. ''Psychological Review, 88'', 354–364 Gender-associated information is predominantly transmuted through society by way of schemata, or networks of information that allow for some information to be more easily assimilated than others. Bem argues that there are individual differences in the degree to which people hold these gender schemata. These differences are manifested via the degree to which individuals are sex-typed. Sex-typing Core gender identity is tied up in the sex typing that an individual undergoes. This typing can be heavily influenced by child rearing, media, school, and other forms of cultural transmission. Bem refers to four categories in which an indi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sandra Bem
Sandra Ruth Lipsitz Bem (June 22, 1944 – May 20, 2014) was an American psychologist known for her works in androgyny and gender studies. Her pioneering work on gender roles, gender polarizationPolygendered and Ponytailed: The Dilemma of Femininity and the Female Athlete, 2009, Women's Press, Dayna B. DanielsGender polarization Retrieved Aug. 22, 2014, (see page 29) "...Gender polarization can be defined as the organizing principle upon which many cultures and their social institutions have been created... and gender stereotypes led directly to more equal employment opportunities for women in the United States. Influences on the field of psychology Bem was an American psychologist known for her works in androgyny and gender studies. Bem and her husband Daryl Bem advocated egalitarian marriage. The husband-wife team became highly demanded as speakers on the negative impacts of sex role stereotypes on individuals and society. At the time, there was a lack of empirical evidence to s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herminia Ibarra
Herminia Ibarra is the Charles Handy Chair in Organisational Behaviour, Professor of Organisational Behaviour and Chair, Organisational Behaviour Faculty at London Business School. Early life Ibarra was born in Cuba and obtained her M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in organisational behaviour from Yale University. She taught for thirteen years at Harvard Business School. Career She was previously Professor of Organizational Behaviour at INSEAD, and before that, Professor of Business Administration at the Harvard Business School. She is a member of the World Economic Forum Global Agenda Councils and is a jury member for the Financial Times and McKinsey & Company Best Business Book of the Year Award. She chaired the Visiting Committee of the Harvard Businesses School and is included in the list of the 50 gurus of the world's most influential businesses. Ibarra is the Charles Handy Professor of Organisational Behaviour at London Business School and was the Cora Chaired Professor of Lead ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Racist
Racism is the belief that groups of humans possess different behavioral traits corresponding to inherited attributes and can be divided based on the superiority of one race over another. It may also mean prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against other people because they are of a different race or ethnicity. Modern variants of racism are often based in social perceptions of biological differences between peoples. These views can take the form of social actions, practices or beliefs, or political systems in which different races are ranked as inherently superior or inferior to each other, based on presumed shared inheritable traits, abilities, or qualities. There have been attempts to legitimize racist beliefs through scientific means, such as scientific racism, which have been overwhelmingly shown to be unfounded. In terms of political systems (e.g. apartheid) that support the expression of prejudice or aversion in discriminatory practices or laws, racist ide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Discrimination Against Women
Sexism is prejudice or discrimination based on one's sex or gender. Sexism can affect anyone, but it primarily affects women and girls.There is a clear and broad consensus among academic scholars in multiple fields that sexism refers primarily to discrimination against women, and primarily affects women. See, for example: * Defines sexism as "prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination, typically against women, on the basis of sex". * Defines sexism as "prejudice or discrimination based on sex or gender, especially against women and girls". Notes that "sexism in a society is most commonly applied against women and girls. It functions to maintain patriarchy, or male domination, through ideological and material practices of individuals, collectives, and institutions that oppress women and girls on the basis of sex or gender." * Notes that Sexism' refers to a historically and globally pervasive form of oppression against women." * Notes that "sexism usually refers to prejudice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Delegitimisation
Delegitimisation (also spelled delegitimation) is the withdrawal of legitimacy, usually from some institution such as a state, cultural practice, etc. which may have acquired it explicitly or implicitly, by statute or accepted practice. It is a sociopsychological process which undermines or marginalises an entity by presenting facts and/or value judgments that are construed to withdraw legitimacy and can in some cases be a self-justifying mechanism, with the ultimate goal of justifying harm of an outgroup. The concept applies to a wide spectrum of social contexts ranging from disputes about political entities to chronic illnesses.Arthur Kleinman, "The Social Course of Chronic Illness" in Chronic Illness: From Experience to Policy' edited by S. Kay Toombs, David Barnard, Ronald Alan Carson, p. 181 Definition, function and mechanisms Delegitimisation is the process of constructing a "categorization of groups into extreme social categories which are ultimately excluded from soci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gender Bias
Sexism is prejudice or discrimination based on one's sex or gender. Sexism can affect anyone, but it primarily affects women and girls.There is a clear and broad consensus among academic scholars in multiple fields that sexism refers primarily to discrimination against women, and primarily affects women. See, for example: * Defines sexism as "prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination, typically against women, on the basis of sex". * Defines sexism as "prejudice or discrimination based on sex or gender, especially against women and girls". Notes that "sexism in a society is most commonly applied against women and girls. It functions to maintain patriarchy, or male domination, through ideological and material practices of individuals, collectives, and institutions that oppress women and girls on the basis of sex or gender." * Notes that Sexism' refers to a historically and globally pervasive form of oppression against women." * Notes that "sexism usually refers to prejudice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
