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Science And Technology In Ukraine
Science and technology in Ukraine has its modern development and historical origins in the 18th and 19th centuries and is associated, first of all, with the Kyiv Mohyla Academy, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, University of Kyiv and National University of Kharkiv, University of Kharkiv. The founding of Ukraine's main research institution, the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, in 1918 by Volodymyr Vernadsky marked an important milestone in the country's subsequent scientific and technological development. Ukraine's space science advanced rapidly in the aftermath of World War II, with Sergey Korolyov, Korolyov and Vladimir Chelomey, Chelomey leading the Launch vehicle, rocket and spaceflight development in the Soviet Union during the Space Race. Ukraine was ranked 60th in the Global Innovation Index in 2024, down from 57th in 2023, and 49th in 2021. Notable people *Mikhail Ostrogradsky (1801—1862), mathematician known for the Divergence theorem and Os ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov 1913
Ilya, Iliya, Ilia (name), Ilia, Ilja, Ilija, or Illia ( , or ; ; ) is the East Slavic languages, East Slavic form of the male Hebrew name Eliyahu (Eliahu), meaning "My God is Yahweh, Yahu/Jah." It comes from the Byzantine Greek pronunciation of the vocative (Ilía) of the Greek Elias (Ηλίας, Ilías). It is pronounced with stress on the second syllable. The diminutive form is Iliusha or Iliushen'ka. The Russian patronymic for a son of Ilya is "Ilich (name), Ilyich", and a daughter is "Ilyinichna". People with the name Real people *Ilya (Archbishop of Novgorod), 12th-century Russian Orthodox cleric and saint *Ilya Ivanovitch Alekseyev (1772–1830), commander of the Russian Imperial Army *Ilya Borok (born 1993), Russian jiujitsu fighter *Ilya Bryzgalov (born 1980), Russian ice hockey goalie *Ilya Dzhirkvelov (1927–2006), author and KGB defector *Ilya Ehrenburg (1891–1967), Russian writer and Soviet cultural ambassador *Ilya Frank (1908–1990), Russian physicist *Ilya Gla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grigorovich M-5
Grigorovich M-5 (alternative designation Shch M-5, sometimes also Shchetinin M-5) was a successful Russian World War I-era two-bay unequal-span biplane flying boat with a single step hull, designed by Grigorovich. It was the first mass production flying boat built in Russia. Design and development The aircraft designer Dmitry Pavlovich Grigorovich completed his first flying boat (the model M-1) in late 1913, and produced a series of prototypes, gradually improving the design, until the M-5 appeared in the spring of 1915, which was to be his first aircraft to enter series production, with at least 100 being produced, primarily to replace foreign built aircraft, including Curtiss Model K and FBA flying boats. The M-5 was of a wooden construction, the hull was covered in plywood and the wings and tailplane were covered in fabric. Aft of the step the hull tapered sharply into little more than a boom, supporting a characteristic single fin and rudder tail unit, which was braced by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georgy Voronoy
Georgy Feodosevich Voronyi (; ; 28 April 1868 – 20 November 1908) was an Imperial Russian mathematician of Ukrainians, Ukrainian descent noted for defining the Voronoi diagram. Biography Voronyi was born in the village of Zhuravka, Pyriatyn, in the Poltava Governorate, which was a part of the Russian Empire at that time and is in Varva Raion, Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine. Beginning in 1889, Voronyi studied at Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg University, where he was a student of Andrey Markov. In 1894 he defended his master's thesis ''On algebraic integers depending on the roots of an equation of third degree''. In the same year, Voronyi became a professor at the University of Warsaw, where he worked on continued fractions. In 1895 he had a son with his wife Olga Mytrofanivna, named Yurii Voronyi, who later became a noted surgeon. In 1897 he defended his doctoral thesis ''On a generalisation of a continuous fraction''. He was an Invited Speaker of the Internati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthine Oxidase
Xanthine oxidase (XO or XAO) is a form of xanthine oxidoreductase, a type of enzyme that generates reactive oxygen species. These enzymes catalyze the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and can further catalyze the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. These enzymes play an important role in the catabolism of purines in some species, including humans. Xanthine oxidase is defined as an ''enzyme activity'' (EC 1.17.3.2). The same protein, which in humans has the HGNC approved gene symbol ''XDH'', can also have xanthine dehydrogenase activity (EC 1.17.1.4). Most of the protein in the liver exists in a form with xanthine dehydrogenase activity, but it can be converted to xanthine oxidase by reversible sulfhydryl oxidation or by irreversible proteolytic modification. "XDH xanthine dehydrogenase" Reaction The following chemical reactions are catalyzed by xanthine oxidase: * hypoxanthine + H2O + O2 xanthine + H2O2 * xanthine + H2O + O2 uric acid + H2O2 * Xanthine oxidase ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Horbachevsky
Ivan Yakovych Horbachevsky (; 15 May 1854 – 24 May 1942), also known as Jan Horbaczewski, Johann Horbaczewski or Ivan Horbaczewski, was an Austrian chemist and politician of Ukrainian origin. Biography Ivan Horbachevsky was born on 15 May 1854 in the village of Zarubyntsi, now Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine (then the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austrian Empire) in the family of a Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church priest, parson of Zbarazh, Fr Yakov Horbachevsky (1817 – July 14, 1875, Zbarazh) of the Korczak family.''Гонський Я.'Іван Горбачевський у спогадах і листуваннях (нарис). — Тернопіль : Укрмедкнига, 2004. — p. 138. He graduated from the First Ternopil Classical Gymnasium, where he became one of the first members of the "Hromada" circle, founded by a 6th grade student Ivan Pului in January 1863. From 1872 to 1878 he studied medicine at the University of Vienna, Austria. In 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medical Imaging
Medical imaging is the technique and process of imaging the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention, as well as visual representation of the function of some organs or tissues (physiology). Medical imaging seeks to reveal internal structures hidden by the skin and bones, as well as to diagnose and treat disease. Medical imaging also establishes a database of normal anatomy and physiology to make it possible to identify abnormalities. Although imaging of removed organ (anatomy), organs and Tissue (biology), tissues can be performed for medical reasons, such procedures are usually considered part of pathology instead of medical imaging. Measurement and recording techniques that are not primarily designed to produce images, such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), electrocardiography (ECG), and others, represent other technologies that produce data susceptible to representation as a parameter graph versus time or maps that contain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
X-rays
An X-ray (also known in many languages as Röntgen radiation) is a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than those of ultraviolet rays and longer than those of gamma rays. Roughly, X-rays have a wavelength ranging from 10 Nanometre, nanometers to 10 Picometre, picometers, corresponding to frequency, frequencies in the range of 30 Hertz, petahertz to 30 Hertz, exahertz ( to ) and photon energies in the range of 100 electronvolt, eV to 100 keV, respectively. X-rays were discovered in 1895 in science, 1895 by the German scientist Wilhelm Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, who named it ''X-radiation'' to signify an unknown type of radiation.Novelline, Robert (1997). ''Squire's Fundamentals of Radiology''. Harvard University Press. 5th edition. . X-rays can penetrate many solid substances such as construction materials and living tissue, so X-ray radiography is widely used in medical diagnostics (e.g., checking for Bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivan Puluj
Ivan Pavlovych Puluj (, ; ; 2 February 1845 – 31 January 1918) was a Ukrainian physicist and inventor known for his early research into X-rays. His contributions were largely neglected until the end of the 20th century. Biography Son of Pavlo Puluj and Xenia née Burshtynska (). He graduated with honors from Theological Faculty of the University of Vienna (1869), later also from the Department of Philosophy (1872). In 1876 Pului finished his doctorate on internal friction in gases at the University of Strasbourg under supervision of August Kundt. Puluj taught at the Navy academy in Fiume (Rijeka, Croatia) (1874–1876), University of Vienna (1874–1884) and the Imperial-Royal German Technical University in Prague (1884–1916). He served as the rector of the Imperial-Royal German Technical University () in 1888–1889. Puluj also worked as a state adviser on electrical engineering for Bohemian and Moravian local governments. In addition, he completed a translation of the Bi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilya Mechnikov
Ilya, Iliya, Ilia, Ilja, Ilija, or Illia ( , or ; ; ) is the East Slavic form of the male Hebrew name Eliyahu (Eliahu), meaning "My God is Yahu/ Jah." It comes from the Byzantine Greek pronunciation of the vocative (Ilía) of the Greek Elias (Ηλίας, Ilías). It is pronounced with stress on the second syllable. The diminutive form is Iliusha or Iliushen'ka. The Russian patronymic for a son of Ilya is " Ilyich", and a daughter is "Ilyinichna". People with the name Real people * Ilya (Archbishop of Novgorod), 12th-century Russian Orthodox cleric and saint * Ilya Ivanovitch Alekseyev (1772–1830), commander of the Russian Imperial Army *Ilya Borok (born 1993), Russian jiujitsu fighter * Ilya Bryzgalov (born 1980), Russian ice hockey goalie * Ilya Dzhirkvelov (1927–2006), author and KGB defector * Ilya Ehrenburg (1891–1967), Russian writer and Soviet cultural ambassador *Ilya Frank (1908–1990), Russian physicist *Ilya Glazunov (1930–2017), Russian painter * Ilya Gri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Betz Cell
Betz cells (also known as pyramidal cells of Betz) are giant pyramidal cells (neurons) located within the fifth layer of the grey matter in the primary motor cortex. These neurons are the largest in the central nervous system, sometimes reaching 100 μm in diameter.Nolte, J. ''The Human Brain'', 5th ed. Mosby: Missouri; 2002, p.527. Betz cells are upper motor neurons that send their axons down to the spinal cord via the corticospinal tract, where in humans they synapse directly with anterior horn cells, which in turn synapse directly with their target muscles. Betz cells are not the sole source of direct connections to those neurons because most of the direct corticomotorneuronal cells are medium or small neurons. While Betz cells have one apical dendrite typical of pyramidal neurons, they have more primary dendritic shafts, which can branch out at almost any point from the soma (cell body). These perisomatic (around the cell body) and basal dendrites project into all corti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vladimir Betz
Vladimir Alexeyevich Betz or Volodymyr Oleksiyovych Betz (; ; – ) was a Russian anatomist and histologist of Ukrainian origin who served as a professor at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Saint Vladimir University of Kiev. Biography Vladimir Betz was born in a small village of Tatarovschina. He began his studies in Nizhyn, Nezhin, and later attended the 2nd Kiev Gymnasium (school), Gymnasium, where he graduated in 1853. In 1860, he completed the Kiev University course in the Bogomolets National Medical University, Faculty of Medicine, earning his doctor's degree. Subsequently, he served as an assistant prosector in the anatomy department, and later worked as a dissector. From May 1861 to September 1862, he was sent abroad, where he studied and listened to lectures by professors Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke, Brücke, Carl Ludwig, Ludwig, Robert Bunsen, Bunsen, Albert von Kölliker, Kölliker, Gustav Kirchhoff, Kirchhoff and Hermann von Helmholtz, Helmholtz. Doctoral d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mykhaylo Maksymovych
Mykhailo Oleksandrovych Maksymovych (; 3 September 1804 – 10 November 1873) was a professor in plant biology, Ukrainian historian and writer in the Russian Empire of a Cossack background. He contributed to the life sciences, especially botany and zoology, and to linguistics, folklore, ethnography, history, literary studies, and archaeology. In 1871, he was elected as a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian language and literature department. Maksymovych also was a member of the Nestor the Chronicler Historical Association that existed in Kyiv in 1872-1931. Life Maksymovych was born into an old Zaporozhian Cossack family which owned a small estate on Mykhailova Hora near Prokhorivka, Zolotonosha county in Poltava Governorate (now in Cherkasy Oblast) in Left-bank Ukraine. After receiving his high school education at Novhorod-Siverskyi Gymnasium, he studied natural science and philology at philosophy faculty of Moscow University and later the medical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
