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Scania 3-series (bus)
The Scania 3-series bus range was introduced by Scania in 1988 and was superseded by the 4-series bus range in 1999. Model designations The model designation breakdown is as follows: ;Main type *F: chassis with engine located longitudinally in front of the front axle *S: chassis with engine located longitudinally above the front axle *K: chassis with engine located longitudinally behind the rear axle *L: chassis with engine located longitudinally behind the rear axle, inclined 60° leftward *N: chassis with transverse engine located behind the rear axle *CN: complete bus based on N-chassis *CK: complete bus based on K-chassis *CL: complete bus based on L-chassis ;Engine series *9: DS9 or DSC9 series 8.5-litre engine *11: DS11 or DSC11 series 11-litre engine ;Development code *3: third generation ;Chassis type *A: chassis for articulated bus *C: chassis for single-decker, two-axle bus *D: chassis for double-decker bus *N: F-chassis for heavy-duty execution *T: chassis for sing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scania AB
Scania AB ( , ), stylised SCANIA in its products, is a major Sweden, Swedish manufacturer headquartered in Södertälje, focusing on commercial vehicles—specifically heavy lorries, trucks and buses. It also manufactures diesel engines for heavy vehicles as well as Marine propulsion, marine and general industrial applications. Scania was formed in 1911 through the merger of Södertälje-based Vabis and Malmö-based Maskinfabriks-aktiebolaget Scania. Since 1912, the company headquarters have been based in Södertälje after the merger. Today, Scania has production facilities in Sweden, France, the Netherlands, Thailand, China, India, Argentina, Brazil, Poland and Finland. In addition, there are assembly plants in ten countries in Africa, Asia and Europe. Scania's sales and service organisation and finance companies are worldwide. In 2022, the company employed approximately 56,927 people around the world. Scania was listed on the NASDAQ OMX Stockholm stock exchange from 1996 to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Longitudinal Engine
In automotive engineering, a longitudinal engine is an internal combustion engine in which the crankshaft is oriented along the long axis of the vehicle, from front to back. See also: transverse engine Use This type of motor is usually used for rear-wheel drive cars, except for some Audi, SAAB, the Oldsmobile Toronado, and the 1967 Cadillac Eldorado equipped with longitudinal engines in front wheel drive. In front-wheel drive cars a transverse engine is usually used. Trucks often have longitudinal engines with rear-wheel drive. For motorcycles, the use of a particular type depends on the drive: in the case of a chain or belt drive a transverse engine is usually used, and with shaft drives a longitudinal engine. Longitudinal engines in motorcycles do have one disadvantage: the "tipping point" of the crankshaft tilts along the entire motorcycle to a greater or lesser degree when accelerating. This is partly resolved by having other components, such as the generator and the ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coaches (bus)
Coach may refer to: Guidance/instruction * Coach (sport), a director of Athletes' training and activities * Coaching, the practice of guiding an individual through a process ** Acting coach, a teacher who trains performers Transportation * Coach (bus), an automotive vehicle for long-distance travel *Coach (carriage), a horse-drawn vehicle * Coach (passenger car), a type of railroad car * Coach (scheduled transport), the mode of transport using such vehicles ** Coach Canada, a Canadian bus transport company ** Coach USA, an American bus transport company * Coach class, a category of transport seating * Ehroflug Coach II S, a Swiss ultralight aircraft design * Funeral coach, a vehicle for carrying the deceased Business * Coach, Inc. (now Tapestry, Inc.), the parent company of Coach New York and other fashion brands ** Coach New York (aka Coach), an American company specializing in luxury accessories such as handbags Art, media, and entertainment Characters * Coach (comics ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Double-decker Buses
A double-decker bus is a bus that has two storeys or decks. Double-deckers are used primarily for commuter transport, but Open top bus, open-top models are used as sightseeing buses for tourists, and there are Coach (bus), coaches too for long-distance travel. They appear in many places around the world but are presently most commonly used as mass transport in cities of United Kingdom, Britain, and in Republic of Ireland, Ireland, China, Hong Kong, Berlin and Singapore. The earliest double-decker horse-drawn omnibus appeared in Paris in 1853 and such vehicles were Motor vehicle, motorised in the 1900s. Double-decker buses were popularised in Great Britain at the start of the 20th century and today the best-known example is the Buses in London, red London bus, namely the AEC Routemaster. Double-deckers in urban transport were also in common use in other places, such as major cities of India, but were mostly diminished or phased out by the end of the 20th century. However they rema ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vehicles Introduced In 1988
A vehicle () is a machine designed for self-propulsion, usually to transport people, cargo, or both. The term "vehicle" typically refers to land vehicles such as human-powered vehicles (e.g. bicycles, tricycles, velomobiles), animal-powered transports (e.g. horse-drawn carriages/wagons, ox carts, dog sleds), motor vehicles (e.g. motorcycles, cars, trucks, buses, mobility scooters) and railed vehicles (trains, trams and monorails), but more broadly also includes cable transport ( cable cars and elevators), watercraft (ships, boats and underwater vehicles), amphibious vehicles (e.g. screw-propelled vehicles, hovercraft, seaplanes), aircraft (airplanes, helicopters, gliders and aerostats) and space vehicles (spacecraft, spaceplanes and launch vehicles). This article primarily concerns the more ubiquitous land vehicles, which can be broadly classified by the type of contact interface with the ground: wheels, tracks, rails or skis, as well as the non-contact technolog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scania AB Buses
Scania ( ), also known by its native name of Skåne (), is the southernmost of the historical provinces of Sweden, provinces () of Sweden. Located in the south tip of the geographical region of Götaland, the province is roughly conterminous with Skåne County, created in 1997. Like the other historical provinces of Sweden, Scania still features in colloquial speech and in cultural references, and can therefore not be regarded as an archaic concept. Within Scania there are 33 municipalities of Sweden, municipalities that are autonomous within the Skåne Regional Council. Scania's largest urban areas of Sweden, city, Malmö, is the third-largest city in Sweden, as well as the fifth-largest in Scandinavia. To the north, Scania borders the historical provinces of Halland and Småland, to the northeast Blekinge, to the east and south the Baltic Sea, and to the west Öresund. Since 2000, a road and railway bridge, the Öresund Bridge, bridges the Öresund, Sound and connects Scania ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canberra
Canberra ( ; ) is the capital city of Australia. Founded following the Federation of Australia, federation of the colonies of Australia as the seat of government for the new nation, it is Australia's list of cities in Australia, largest inland city, and the list of cities in Australia by population, eighth-largest Australian city by population. The city is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital Territory at the northern tip of the Australian Alps, the country's highest mountain range. Canberra's estimated population was 473,855. The area chosen for the capital had been inhabited by Aboriginal Australians for up to 21,000 years, by groups including the Ngunnawal and Ngambri. history of Australia (1788–1850), European settlement commenced in the first half of the 19th century, as evidenced by surviving landmarks such as St John the Baptist Church, Reid, St John's Anglican Church and Blundells Cottage. On 1 January 1901, federation of the colonies of Australi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austral (bus Manufacturer)
Austral was an Australian bus manufacturer in Geebung, Brisbane, Australia. Austral merged with it primary competitor, Denning, in the 1980s and was sold to the Clifford Corporation in 1996 before closing its manufacturing plant in 1998. History Austral was originally formed as Athol Hedges. It was later renamed Domino Hedges, and then Domino, before becoming Austral in 1982. This renaming occurred when it was purchased by the Australian Manufacturing Group. Austral produced originally bodied buses before diversifying into integral buses and coaches (body and chassis) in the 1970s. In December 1988, Austral was sold to JRA Limited who also owned Denning, Austral's largest rival in the coach market. Both continued to operate separately until 1990 when the Denning plant in Acacia Ridge was closed and production transferred to the Austral factory. From 1992 onward, the combined business was rebranded "Austral Denning". In July 1996, along with JRA's other bus bodybuilding op ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murrays
Murrays Coaches is an Australian express and coach charter company. History Murrays was founded by Bill Murray in the early 1950s as a school bus operator in Canberra. The operation was taken over by Ron Murray in 1970 by which time it was operating services to Captains Flat, Kowen Forest, Naas, Tidbinbilla, Uriarra and Williamsdale with 10 buses. Murrays were operating seven school buses when the services were taken over by Deane's Buslines in November 1997. At some point Murrays diversified into coach operation, initially to the Snowy Mountains. By the mid-1980s Murrays were operating interstate services from Canberra to Sydney, Wollongong and Narooma. These services continue today. In May 1979, Murrays purchased Sydney bus routes 6 Arncliffe to Earlwood and 49 Carlton to Rockdale. These were sold in October 1982 to Brighton Bus Lines after the laws requiring tourist vehicle licences to be attached to route service operators were relaxed. In late 1988, an operatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Independent Front Suspension
Independent suspension is any automobile suspension system that allows each wheel on the same axle to move vertically (i.e. reacting to a bump on the road) independently of the others. This is contrasted with a beam axle or deDion axle system in which the wheels are linked. "Independent" refers to the motion or path of movement of the wheels or suspension. It is common for the left and right sides of the suspension to be connected with anti-roll bars or other such mechanisms. The anti-roll bar ties the left and right suspension spring rates together but does not tie their motion together. Most modern vehicles have independent front suspension (IFS). Many vehicles also have an independent rear suspension (IRS). IRS, as the name implies, has the rear wheels independently sprung. A fully independent suspension has an independent suspension on all wheels. Some early independent systems used swing axles, but modern systems use Chapman or MacPherson struts, trailing arms, multilink, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transverse Engine
A transverse engine is an engine mounted in a vehicle so that the engine's crankshaft axis is perpendicular to the direction of travel. Many modern front-wheel drive vehicles use this arrangement. Most rear-wheel drive vehicles use a longitudinal engine, where the engine's crankshaft axis is parallel with the direction of travel. (Some Mid-engine design, rear-mid engine vehicles use a transverse engine and transaxle mounted in the rear instead of the front). Transverse engines save space in light vehicles, and are used on armoured fighting vehicles for the same reason. History The Critchley Light car, Critchley light car, made by the Daimler Company, Daimler Motor Company in 1899, had a transverse engine with belt drive to the rear axle. The first successful transverse-engine cars were the two-cylinder DKW F1 series of cars, which first appeared in 1931. During WWII, transverse engines were developed for armored vehicles, with the Soviet T-44 and T-54/T-55 tanks being equipped w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rear-engine Design
In automobile design, a rear-engine design layout places the engine at the rear of the vehicle. The center of gravity of the engine itself is behind the rear axle. This is not to be confused with the center of gravity of the whole vehicle, as an imbalance of such proportions would make it impossible to keep the front wheels on the ground. Rear-engined vehicles almost always have a rear-wheel drive car layout, but some are four wheel drive. This layout has the following features: *Packaging: since there is no need for a transmission tunnel, the floor can be flat. *Rear traction: having the engine located over the driven wheels increases downward pressure, which is helpful for grip on loose surfaces, although can be prone to oversteer. *Simplicity of manufacture: the engine is near the driven wheels, and the transmission can be merged with the differential to save space. This layout was once popular in small, inexpensive cars and light commercial vehicles. Today most car makers have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
