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Sanskrit College
Sanskrit College and University (erstwhile Sanskrit College) is a state university located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. It focuses on liberal arts, offering both undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in Ancient Indian and world history, Bengali, English, Sanskrit, Linguistics, and traditional orientation learning (Advaitya Vedanta) and Pali. History Sanskrit College was founded on 1 January 1824, during the Governor-Generalship of Lord Amherst, based on a recommendation by James Prinsep and Thomas Babington Macaulay among others. Mahesh Chandra Nyayratna Bhattacharyya, the scholar of Sanskrit, was the principal of the college for over 18 years. He was made a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire (C.I.E.), and a member of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire. He played a crucial role in colonial Bengal's educational reformation. He revived the ''tol'' system in Sanskrit education, and introduced titles or " Upadhi". The institution rose ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kolkata
Kolkata, also known as Calcutta ( its official name until 2001), is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of West Bengal. It lies on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River, west of the border with Bangladesh. It is the primary financial and commercial centre of eastern and northeastern India. Kolkata is the seventh most populous city in India with an estimated city proper population of 4.5 million (0.45 crore) while its metropolitan region Kolkata Metropolitan Area is the third most populous metropolitan region of India with a metro population of over 15 million (1.5 crore). Kolkata is regarded by many sources as the cultural capital of India and a historically and culturally significant city in the historic region of Bengal.————— The three villages that predated Calcutta were ruled by the Nawab of Bengal under Mughal suzerainty. After the Nawab granted the East India Company a trading license in 1690, the area was developed by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay
Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay, (; 25 October 1800 – 28 December 1859) was an English historian, poet, and Whig politician, who served as the Secretary at War between 1839 and 1841, and as the Paymaster General between 1846 and 1848. He is best known for his '' The History of England'', a seminal example of Whig history which expressed Macaulay's belief in the inevitability of sociopolitical progress and has been widely commended for its prose style. Macaulay also played a substantial role in determining India's education policy, in which he was guided by his conviction that Western European culture was superior to that of India and the Middle East. Early life Macaulay was born at Rothley Temple in Leicestershire on 25 October 1800, the son of Zachary Macaulay, a Scottish Highlander, who became a colonial governor and abolitionist, and Selina Mills of Bristol, a former pupil of Hannah More. They named their first child after his uncle Thomas Bab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brahmin
Brahmin (; ) is a ''Varna (Hinduism), varna'' (theoretical social classes) within Hindu society. The other three varnas are the ''Kshatriya'' (rulers and warriors), ''Vaishya'' (traders, merchants, and farmers), and ''Shudra'' (labourers). The traditional occupation of Brahmins is that of priesthood (purohit, pandit, or pujari) at Hindu temples or at socio-religious ceremonies, and the performing of rite of passage rituals, such as solemnising a wedding with hymns and prayers.James Lochtefeld (2002), Brahmin, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A–M, Rosen Publishing, , page 125 Traditionally, Brahmins are accorded the supreme ritual status of the four social classes, and they also served as spiritual teachers (guru or acharya). In practice, Indian texts suggest that some Brahmins historically also became agriculturalists, warriors, traders, and had also held other occupations in the Indian subcontinent.GS Ghurye (1969), Caste and Race in India, Popular Prakasha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upadhi
Upādhi ( ) is a term in Hindu philosophy meaning "imposition" or "limitation". In Hindu logic, an upādhi is the condition which accompanies the major term and must be supplied to limit the too general middle term. For instance, "the mountain has smoke because it has fire" rests on the false premise that all fire is accompanied by smoke. To restrict the too general middle term here, 'damp fuel' should be added as the condition of smoky fire. It can also be viewed as a disguise or vehicle for true reality, both defining something and limiting it. For example, the body of a man or animal is the upādhi of its true self. Another example is that the true self, Brahman (Sanskrit: ब्रह्म ) is hidden in a living being, jiva (Sanskrit: जीव ) by the upādhi of the mind, Antahkarana (Sanskrit: अंतःकरण ) and the creator God, ''Īshvara (Sanskrit: ईश्वर )'' by the upādhi of Māyā (Sanskrit: माया ) an appearance which is not what it see ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bengal
Bengal ( ) is a Historical geography, historical geographical, ethnolinguistic and cultural term referring to a region in the Eastern South Asia, eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal. The region of Bengal proper is divided between the modern-day sovereign nation of Bangladesh and the States and union territories of India, Indian states of West Bengal, and Karimganj district of Assam. The ancient Vanga Kingdom is widely regarded as the namesake of the Bengal region. The Bengali calendar dates back to the reign of Shashanka in the 7th century CE. The Pala Empire was founded in Bengal during the 8th century. The Sena dynasty and Deva dynasty ruled between the 11th and 13th centuries. By the 14th century, Bengal was absorbed by Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent. An independent Bengal Sultanate was formed and became the eastern frontier of the Islamic world. During this period, Bengal's rule and influence spread to Assam, Arakan, Tri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of The Indian Empire
The Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria on 1 January 1878. The Order includes members of three classes: #Knight Grand Commander (:Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire, GCIE) #Knight Commander (:Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire, KCIE) #Companion (:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire, CIE) Appointments terminated after 1947, the year that Presidencies and provinces of British India, British India became the independent Dominion of India, Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan. With the death of the last surviving knight, the Meghrajji III, Maharaja Meghrajji III of Dhrangadhra, the order became dormant in 2010. The motto of the Order is ''Imperatricis auspiciis'', (Latin for "Under the auspices of the Empress"), a reference to Queen Victoria, the first Emperor of India, Empress of India. The Order is the junior British order of chivalry associated with the British Indian Empir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sanskrit
Sanskrit (; stem form ; nominal singular , ,) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages. It arose in northwest South Asia after its predecessor languages had Trans-cultural diffusion, diffused there from the northwest in the late Bronze Age#South Asia, Bronze Age. Sanskrit is the sacred language of Hinduism, the language of classical Hindu philosophy, and of historical texts of Buddhism and Jainism. It was a lingua franca, link language in ancient and medieval South Asia, and upon transmission of Hindu and Buddhist culture to Southeast Asia, East Asia and Central Asia in the early medieval era, it became a language of religion and high culture, and of the political elites in some of these regions. As a result, Sanskrit had a lasting effect on the languages of South Asia, Southeast Asia and East Asia, especially in their formal and learned vocabularies. Sanskrit generally connotes several Indo-Aryan languages# ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surendranath Dasgupta
Surendranath Dasgupta (18 October 1887 – 18 December 1952) was an Indian scholar of Sanskrit and Indian philosophy. Family and education Surendranath Dasgupta was born to a Vaidya family in Kushtia, Bengal (now in Bangladesh), on Sunday, 18 October 1885, corresponding to Dashami Shukla (i.e., the tenth day) of the month of ĀśvinSurama Dasgupta, "Surendranath Dasgupta: A Memoir", 19 June 1954, pp. v–xii in ''A History of Indian Philosophy, Vol. 5: Southern Schools of Śaivism,'' 1955: Cambridge Univ. Press. Retrieved 12 November 2020 and coinciding with the festivals of Dussehra and Durga Visarjan. His ancestral home was in the village Goila in Barisal District. He studied at Ripon College in Calcutta and graduated with honours in Sanskrit. Later, in 1908, he received his master's degree from Sanskrit College, Calcutta. He got a second master's degree in Western philosophy in 1910 from the University of Calcutta. Prof. Dasgupta married Himani Devi, the younger sister ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Satish Chandra Vidyabhusan
Satish Chandra Vidyabhusan (30 July 1870 – 25 April 1920) was a Bengalis, Bengali scholar of Sanskrit and Pali language, Pali Language and principal of Sanskrit college, Sanskrit College. Early life Satish Chandra Vidyabhusan was born in 1870 in Rajbari District, British India. His father Pitambar Vidyavagish was a ''Pandit'' and astronomer. In 1888, Satish Chandra passed entrance from Nabadwip Hindu School and in 1892, passed the B.A. with Sanskrit Honours from Krishnagar Government College with gold medal. He was the first Indian who obtained M.A. degree in Pali from Calcutta University. Career Vidyabhushan was known for his distinguished knowledge in Indian logic and Tibetan Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhist Text. He, along with Sarat Chandra Das, prepared Tibetan-English dictionary. Vidyabhusan went to Sri Lanka in 1910 for study and on his return he was appointed the Principal of Sanskrit College, Kolkata. He became the Assistant editor of the Buddhist Text Society. He edited ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaliprasanna Vidyaratna
Kaliprasanna Vidyaratna ( Bangabdo 255–1330 1849–1924 AD) was an Indian scholar of Sanskrit, academic and author. He was the principal of the Sanskrit College between 1908 and 1910. Vidyarayna played an important role in the revival of Sanskrit language. Early life Vidyaratna was born in a Bhattacharya Brahmin family of Ujirpur village, Barishal in British India. His father was Biswambhar Bhattacharya. Vidyaratna learned Sanskrit in a ''Chatuspathi'' at Dhanuka village of Faridpur district. He passed the entrance exam from Barishal and entered the Scottish Church College, Kolkata. After completion of B.A. and M.A. he was appointed as a teacher at the Dhaka Jagannath College in 1881. He worked in Presidency College since 1901, thereafter becoming principal of Sanskrit College. Works Vidyaratna wrote and edited many books on Indian Mythology, Vaisnavism, Puranas and Hindu culture such as: ''Brihat Shiva Puran'', ''Sri Sri Krishna Charit'', ''Bedanta Darshanam'', ''Vrhadyamagi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahesh Chandra Nyayratna Bhattacharyya
Mahamahopadhyaya Pandit Mahesh Chandra Nyayratna Bhattacharyya (22 February 1836 – 12 April 1906) was an Indian Sanskrit scholar during the Bengal Renaissance. He served as the principal of Sanskrit College and University, Sanskrit College from 1876 to 1895, and was a colleague of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar. Biography Personal life Mahesh Chandra Nyayratna Bhattacharyya was born on 22 February 1836 into the Kulin Brahmin Bhattacharya (surname), Bhattacharyya family of Narit. His father, Harinarayan Tarka Siddhanta, and his two uncles, Guruprasad Tarka Panchanan and Thakurdas Churamani, were Pandits. His elder brother, Pandit Madhab Chandra Sarvabhauma, was the Sabha Pandit of Mahishadal Raj. In 1848, he married Mandakini daughter of Pandit Ram Chand Tarkabagish, in Jehanabad, Hooghly district, Hooghly. He had a daughter, Manorama, and three sons: Manmatha Nath Vidyaratna Bhattacharyya (born April 1863), who became the first Indian Accountant General of Madras; Munindra N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Byles Cowell
Edward Byles Cowell, (23 January 1826 – 9 February 1903) was a noted translator of Persian poetry and the first professor of Sanskrit at Cambridge University. Early life Cowell was born in Ipswich, the son of Charles Cowell and Marianne Byles. Samuel Cowell, the printer, was his uncle and Elizabeth "Beth" Cowell, the painter, was his sister. He became interested in Oriental languages at the age of fifteen, when he found a copy of Sir William Jones's works (including his ''Persian Grammar'') in the public library. Self-taught, he began translating and publishing Hafez within the year. On the death of his father in 1842 he took over the family business. He married in 1845, and in 1850 entered Magdalen College, Oxford, where he studied and catalogued Persian manuscripts for the Bodleian Library. From 1856 to 1867 he lived in Calcutta as professor of English history at Presidency College. He was also as principal of Sanskrit College from 1858 to 1864. In this year he discove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
