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Sanan Language
A number of languages of North America are too poorly attested to classify. These include Adai, Beothuk, Calusa, Cayuse, Karankawa, and Solano. There are other languages which are scarcely attested at all. Campbell et al. Lyle Campbell ''et al.'' (2007) list the following extinct and nearly unattested language varieties of North America as unclassifiable due to lack of data. *Eyeish *Coree *Sewee *Cusabo * Shoccoree-Eno (see Eno people and Shakori) *Pascagoula *Quinipissa *Opelousa * Pedee *Bayogoula * Okelousa * Congaree * Winyaw (see Winyaw) * Santee (see Santee tribe; distinguish Santee Sioux) * Okchai-Chacato (see Okchai, Chatot people) *Tequesta *Guale * Sanan *Yamasee *Akokisa *Avoyel * Tocobaga (see Tocobaga) * Houma * Neusiok (see Neusiok people) * Ubate * Cape Fear * Pensacola (see Pensacola people) *Bidai * Wateree (see Wateree people) * Mobile *Michigamea * Pakana * Saxapahaw * Keyauwee *Guachichil† * Suma-Jumano† (see Suma & Jumanos) * Huite† * Concho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unclassified Language
An unclassified language is a language whose genetic affiliation to other languages has not been established. Languages can be unclassified for a variety of reasons, mostly due to a lack of reliable data but sometimes due to the confounding influence of language contact, if different layers of its vocabulary or morphology point in different directions and it is not clear which represents the ancestral form of the language. Some poorly known extinct languages, such as Gutian and Cacán, are simply unclassifiable, and it is unlikely the situation will ever change. A supposedly unclassified language may turn out not to be a language at all, or even a distinct dialect, but merely a family, tribal or village name, or an alternative name for a people or language that is classified. If a language's genetic relationship has not been established after significant documentation of the language and comparison with other languages and families, as in the case of Basque in Europe, it is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pedee Language
The Pedee people, also Pee Dee and Peedee, were a historic Native American tribe of the Southeastern United States. Historically, their population has been concentrated in the Piedmont of present-day South Carolina. It is believed that in the 17th and 18th centuries, English colonists named the Pee Dee River and the Pee Dee region of South Carolina for the tribe. Today four state-recognized tribes, one state-recognized group, and several unrecognized groups claim descent from the historic Pedee people. Presently none of these organizations are recognized by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, with the Catawba Indian Nation being the only Native American recognition in the United States, federally recognized tribe within South Carolina. Etymology The precise meaning of the name ''Pedee'' is unknown. The name has many variations, having been alternatively spelled as ''Pee Dee'', ''PeeDee'', ''Peedee'', ''Peedees'', ''Peadea'', and ''Pidee''. In early Spanish accounts the name is rendere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avoyel Language
The Avoyel or Avoyelles were a small Native American tribe who at the time of European contact inhabited land near the mouth of the Red River at its confluence with the Atchafalaya River near present-day Marksville, Louisiana. Today, the Avoyel are a member of the federally recognized Native American tribe and sovereign nation of the Tunica Biloxi Tribe of Louisiana. The U.S. Department of the Interior determined that: "The contemporary Tunica-Biloxi Indian Tribe is the successor of the historical Tunica, Ofo, and Avoyel tribes, and part of the Biloxi tribe. These have a documented existence back to 1698. The component tribes were allied in the 18th century and became amalgamated into one in the 19th century through common interests and outside pressures from non-Indian cultures." Name Also called variously ''Shi'xkaltī'ni'' (Stone-Arrow-Point people) in Tunican and ''Tassenocogoula'', ''Tassenogoula'', ''Toux Enongogoula'', and ''Tasånåk Okla'' in the Mobilian trade l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akokisa Language
The Akokisa (also known as the Accokesaws, Arkokisa, or Orcoquiza) were an Indigenous tribe who lived on Galveston Bay and the lower Trinity and Sabine rivers in Texas, primarily in the present-day Greater Houston area. They were a band of the Atakapa Indians, closely related to the Atakapa of Lake Charles, Louisiana.Swanton, John R. ''The Indian Tribes of North America.'' Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of Ethnology, Bulletin 145. 1953: 198 History 16th century Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca wrote about the Akokisa in 1528, calling them the "Han." 18th century An early reported encounter with the Akokisa by a European person was in 1719 when Simars de Bellisle, a French officer, was held captive by the Akokisa until 1721. His account of his captivity provides some information about Akokisa culture. John Sibley in 1805 reported that they previously lived near Matagorda Bay on the west bank of the Texan Colorado River in ancient times. Around the 1750s the Akokisa were divi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yamasee Language
The Yamasees (also spelled Yamassees, Yemasees or Yemassees) were a multiethnic confederation of Native Americans who lived in the coastal region of present-day northern coastal Georgia near the Savannah River and later in northeastern Florida. The Yamasees engaged in revolts and wars with other native groups and Europeans living in North America, specifically from Florida to North Carolina. The Yamasees, along with the Guale, are considered from linguistic evidence by many scholars to have been a Muskogean language people. For instance, the Yamasee term "Mico", meaning chief, is also common in Muskogee. After the Yamasees migrated to the Carolinas, they began participating in the Indian slave trade in the American Southeast. They raided other tribes to take captives for sale to European colonists. Captives from other Native American tribes were sold into slavery, with some being transported to West Indian plantations. Their enemies fought back, and slave trading was a large ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guale Language
Guale was a historic Native American chiefdom of Mississippian culture peoples located along the coast of present-day Georgia and the Sea Islands. Spanish Florida established its Roman Catholic missionary system in the chiefdom in the late 16th century. During the late 17th century and early 18th century, Guale society was shattered by extensive epidemics of new infectious diseases and attacks by other tribes. Some of the surviving remnants migrated to the mission areas of Spanish Florida, while others remained near the Georgia coast. Joining with other survivors, they became known as the Yamasee, an ethnically mixed group that emerged in a process of ethnogenesis. The Guale are believed to have been a Mississippian culture group that had a chiefdom along what is now the Georgia coast in the early period of Spanish exploration. Language Scholars have not reached a consensus on how to classify the Guale language. Early claims that the Guale spoke a Muskogean language were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tequesta Language
The Tequesta, also Tekesta, Tegesta, Chequesta, Vizcaynos, were a Native American tribe on the Southeastern Atlantic coast of Florida. They had infrequent contact with Europeans and had largely migrated by the middle of the 18th century. Location and extent The Tequesta lived in the southeastern parts of present-day Florida. They lived in the region since the 3rd century BC in the late Archaic period of the continent, and remained for roughly 2,000 years, By the 1800s, most had died as a result of settlement battles, slavery, and disease. The Tequesta tribe had only a few survivors by the time that Spanish Florida was traded to the British, who then established the area as part of the province of East Florida. The Tequesta tribe lived on Biscayne Bay [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chatot People
The Chacatos were a Native American people who lived in the upper Apalachicola River and Chipola River basins in what is now Florida in the 17th century. The Spanish established two missions in Chacato villages in 1674. As a result of attempts by the missionaries to impose full observance of Christian rites and morals on the newly converted Chacatos, many of them rebelled, trying to murder one of the missionaries. Many of the rebels fled to Tawasa, while others joined the Chiscas, who had become openly hostile to the Spanish. Other Chacatos moved to missions in or closer to Apalachee Province, abandoning their villages west of the Apalachicola River. In the late 17th century, one village of Chacatos moved from the center of Apalachee Province to near where the Chattahoochee and Flint rivers join to form the Apalachicola River, close to a Sabacola village and mission. That village was abandoned after it was attacked by Apalachicolas and others. Other Chacatos lived in small s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Okchai
The Okchai are a Muscogee tribe. They formed part of the former Creek (Muscogee) Confederacy in Alabama, prior to their removal during the 1830s to the Indian Territory Indian Territory and the Indian Territories are terms that generally described an evolving land area set aside by the Federal government of the United States, United States government for the relocation of Native Americans in the United States, .... References Muscogee Muskogean tribes Native American tribes in Alabama Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands {{NorthAm-native-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santee Tribe
The Santee were a historic tribe of Native Americans that once lived in South Carolina within the counties of Clarendon and Orangeburg, along the Santee River. The Santee were a small tribe even during the early eighteenth century and were primarily centered in the area of the present-day town of Santee, South Carolina. Their settlement along the Santee River has since been dammed and is now called Lake Marion. The Santee Indian Organization, a state-recognized tribe within South Carolina claim descent from the historic Santee people but are not presently federally recognized by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Etymology While few words of the Santee language have been preserved, scholars like John R. Swanton, have historically maintained that there is little doubt that the tribe once spoke a Siouan-Catawban language. Frank Speck, a prominent anthropologist and professor at the University of Pennsylvania during the early twentieth century, suggested that the name Santee der ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Winyaw
The Winyah ( ) were an Indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands who lived near Winyah Bay, the Black River, and the lower course of the Pee Dee River in South Carolina during the 18th century. In the early 20th century, anthropologist John R. Swanton suggested they had ceased to exist as a distinct group by 1720 and speculated that members of the tribe may have merged with the nearby Waccamaw. However, the Winyah appear thirty-two years later on a 1752 map between the Black River and Pee Dee River. Their ultimate fate remains unknown. Etymology The exact etymological meaning of ''Winyah'' is presently unknown, though the tribe's language is generally accepted as Catawban. Anglicized variants include ''Winyaw,'' ''Winyaws,'' ''Wanniah,'' ''Wyniaws,'' ''Weneaws,'' and ''Wineaus.'' Other recorded spellings include ''Wee Nee'' and likely ''Wee Tee.'' Linguists consider the analysis of these names uncertain; however, anthropologist John R. Swanton and later linguist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
