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Samsoniella Hepiali
''Samsoniella hepiali'' is an entomopathogenic fungus. It was discovered in 1982 as a fungus infecting a field collection of infected ''Hepialus armoricanus'' originally presumed to be ''Ophiocordyceps sinensis''. It is chemically and pharmacologically similar to ''O. sinensis'', but differs significantly in terms of morphology. Later studies have also confirmed that it is genetically distinct from ''O. sinensis''. It is known to produce cordycepin. Because of its pharmacological similarities to true ''O. sinensis'', it is also known as a type of "cordyceps" for human consumption. Range ''Samsoniella hepiali'' was originally collected in Qinghai, China on ghost moths. Isolates matching the diagnostic DNA sequences were also found in Anhui, China infecting leafhoppers and cicada; in Buenos Aires, Argentina infecting whiteflies and living in soil; and in Guizhou, China infecting ants. Type strains The original strain isolated is called "82-2" and is deposited as a dry culture ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entomopathogenic Fungus
Entomopathogenic fungi are parasitic unicellular or multicellular microorganisms belonging to the kingdom of Fungi, that can infect and seriously disable or kill insects. Pathogenicity for insects is widely distributed in the kingdom of fungi and occur in six fungal phyla (Ascomycota, Oomycetes, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, and Microsporidia). It plays a vital ecological role in controlling insect populations by impacting 19 out of 30 known insect orders. Some fungal entomopathogens are opportunistic whereas some have evolved into highly specific pathogens of insects. Mode of infection Unlike many other insect pathogens (entomopathogenic viruses, nematodes, or bacteria), most entomopathogenic fungi do not require entry through ingestion or oral intake and instead directly attack the insect cuticle and penetrate the insect body through the exoskeleton. These fungi use a broad spectrum of virulence factors such as adhesins (to attach to insect cuticles), lytic enzym ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Index Fungorum
''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is somewhat comparable to the International Plant Names Index (IPNI), in which the Royal Botanic Gardens is also involved. A difference is that where IPNI does not indicate correct names, the ''Index Fungorum'' does indicate the status of a name. In the returns from the search page, a currently correct name is indicated in green, while others are in blue (a few, aberrant usages of names are indicated in red). All names are linked to pages giving the correct name, with lists of synonyms. ''Index Fungorum'' is one of three nomenclatural repositories recognized by the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi; the others are '' MycoBank'' and '' Fungal Names''. As of 2023, over a millio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cordycipitaceae
The Cordycipitaceae are a family of parasitic fungi in the Ascomycota, class Sordariomycetes and order Hypocreales. The family was first published in 1969 by mycologist Hanns Kreisel, but the naming was invalid according to the code of International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. It was validly published in 2007 as a way to resolve the paraphyly of Clavicipitaceae. Description Cordycipitaceae species have stromata or subicula that are pallid or brightly pigmented and fleshy. Their perithecia are superficial to completely immersed in the substrate, and oriented at right angles to the surface of the stroma. The asci are cylindrical with a thickened ascus tip. Ascospores are usually cylindrical, contain multiple septa, and disarticulate into part-spores or remain intact at maturity. Genera Updated in 2020 (with numbers of species) *'' Akanthomyces'' (21) – anamorphs subsumed here: **'' Lecanicillium'' **'' Torrubiella'' *'' Amphichorda'' (1) *'' Ascopoly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pharmacopoeia Of The People's Republic Of China
A pharmacopoeia, pharmacopeia, or pharmacopoea (or the typographically obsolete rendering, ''pharmacopœia''), meaning "drug-making", in its modern technical sense, is a reference work containing directions for the identification of compound medicines. These are published or sanctioned by a government or a medical or pharmaceutical society, giving the work legal authority within a specified jurisdiction. In a broader sense it is a collection of pharmaceutical drug specifications. Descriptions of the individual preparations are called monographs. Etymology The term derives from "making of (healing) medicine, drug-making", a compound of "medicine, drug, poison" (), with the verb "to make" (), and the abstract noun suffix -ία ''-ia''. In early modern editions of Latin texts, the Greek diphthong οι (''oi'') is latinized to its Latin equivalent ''oe'' which is in turn written with the ligature ''œ'', giving the spelling ''pharmacopœia''; in modern UK English, ''œ'' is wri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Patent Medicine
Chinese patent medicine (CPM, or ) are herbal medicines in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), modernized into a ready-to-use form such as tablets, oral solutions or dry suspensions, as opposed to herbs that require cooking (hot water extraction). History Traditional Chinese medication generally begins with a liquid extract of a mixture of prepared herbs (), produced by a long period of boiling in water or a mixture of water and alcohol. Some formulas require different extraction times for each herb, leading to a complicated sequence of adding ingredients. With formulas intended for internal use, the resulting decoction (''Tang'' ) is typically drunk directly. Some classical formulas call for turning the decoction into a ready-made teapill (''Wan'' or ''Dan'') for easier use. Formulas intended for external use, such as the gou pi gao, calls for more involved post-processing. Chinese patent medicine started as a simplified way to produce a decoction. In the 1950s, Japanese m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera ( ) or lepidopterans is an order (biology), order of winged insects which includes butterflies and moths. About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera have been described, representing 10% of the total described species of living organisms, making it the second largest insect order (behind Coleoptera) with 126 family (biology), families and 46 Taxonomic rank, superfamilies, and one of the most widespread and widely recognizable insect orders in the world. Lepidopteran species are characterized by more than three derived features. The most apparent is the presence of scale (anatomy), scales that cover the torso, bodies, large triangular Insect wing, wings, and a proboscis for siphoning nectars. The scales are modified, flattened "hairs", and give butterflies and moths their wide variety of colors and patterns. Almost all species have some form of membranous wings, except for a few that have reduced wings or are wingless. Mating and the laying of eggs is normally performe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samsoniella
''Samsoniella'' is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Cordycipitaceae. It contains the economically-important ''Samsoniella hepiali'', which has a medicine and health food market worth 10 billion RMB in China. Species GBIF list from March 2023: * '' Samsoniella alboaurantia'' * '' Samsoniella alpina'' * '' Samsoniella antleroides'' * '' Samsoniella aurantia'' * '' Samsoniella cardinalis'' * '' Samsoniella coccinellidicola'' * '' Samsoniella coleopterorum'' * '' Samsoniella cristata'' * '' Samsoniella erucae'' * '' Samsoniella farinospora'' * '' Samsoniella formicae'' * '' Samsoniella guizhouensis'' * '' Samsoniella haniana'' * ''Samsoniella hepiali ''Samsoniella hepiali'' is an entomopathogenic fungus. It was discovered in 1982 as a fungus infecting a field collection of infected ''Hepialus armoricanus'' originally presumed to be ''Ophiocordyceps sinensis''. It is chemically and pharmacolog ...'' * '' Samsoniella hymenopterorum'' * '' Samsoniella inthano ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valid Publication
In botanical nomenclature, a validly published name is a name that meets the requirements in the ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' (''ICN'') for valid publication. Valid publication of a name represents the minimum requirements for a botanical name to exist: terms that appear to be names but have not been validly published are referred to in the ''ICN'' as "designations". A validly published name may not satisfy all the requirements to be '' legitimate''. It is also not necessarily the correct name for a particular taxon and rank. Names that are not valid by ICN standards (''nomen invalidum'', ''nom. inval.'') are sometimes in use. This may occur when a taxonomist finds and recognises a taxon and thinks of a name, but delays publishing it in an adequate manner. A common reason to delay valid publication is that a taxonomist intends to write a ''magnum opus'' that provides an overview of the group, rather than a series of small papers. Another re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hepialus
The ghost moth or ghost swift (''Hepialus humuli'') is a moth of the family Hepialidae. It is common throughout Europe, except for the far south-east. Female ghost moths are larger than males, and exhibit sexual dimorphism with their differences in size and wing color. The adults fly from June to August and are attracted to light. The species overwinters as a larva. The larva is whitish and maggot-like and feeds underground on the roots of a variety of wild and cultivated plants (see list below). The species can be an economically significant pest in forest nurseries. The term ghost moth is sometimes used as a general term for all hepialids. The ghost moth gets its name from the hovering display flight of the male, sometimes slowly rising and falling, over open ground to attract females. In a suitable location several males may display together in a lek. Physiology and description Female ghost moths have a wingspan of 50–70 mm. They have yellowish-buff forewings w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paecilomyces Farinosus
''Paecilomyces'' is a genus of fungi. A number of species in this genus are plant pathogens. Several of the entomopathogenic species, such as "'' Paecilomyces fumosoroseus''" have now been placed in the genus '' Isaria'', in the order Hypocreales and family Cordycipitaceae. In 1974, R.A. Samson transferred the nematicidal species ''Paecilomyces lilacinus'' to this genus. However, publications in the 2000s (decade) indicated that the genus ''Paecilomyces'' was not monophyletic, and the new genus ''Purpureocillium'' was created to hold the taxon which includes ''P. lilacinum'': with both parts of the name referring to the purple conidia produced by the fungus. Species Traditionally, ''Paecilomyces'' held strictly asexual species and later housed numerous anamorphic forms of fungi with their teleomorph described to a separate genus. From 41 described species in 2000 and over 100 known combinations in this genus, the amount of species in ''Paecilomyces'' reduced to 10 described s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paecilomyces
''Paecilomyces'' is a genus of fungi. A number of species in this genus are plant pathogens. Several of the entomopathogenic fungi, entomopathogenic species, such as "''Paecilomyces fumosoroseus''" have now been placed in the genus ''Isaria'', in the order Hypocreales and family Cordycipitaceae. In 1974, R.A. Samson transferred the nematicide, nematicidal species ''Paecilomyces lilacinus'' to this genus. However, publications in the 2000s (decade) indicated that the genus ''Paecilomyces'' was not monophyletic, and the new genus ''Purpureocillium'' was created to hold the taxon which includes ''P. lilacinum'': with both parts of the name referring to the purple conidia produced by the fungus. Species Traditionally, ''Paecilomyces'' held strictly asexual species and later housed numerous anamorphic forms of fungi with their teleomorph described to a separate genus. From 41 described species in 2000 and over 100 known combinations in this genus, the amount of species in ''Paecilom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
