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Sala's Gift
''Sala's Gift: My Mother's Holocaust Story'' is an account by Ann Kirschner of her mother Sala's experiences in the Holocaust, based primarily on a collection of letters her mother gave her, that she had received while in Nazi labor camps, written by about 80 correspondents. The most famous of the letter writers was Sala's friend Ala Gertner, who was hanged at Auschwitz for her role in the only armed uprising at the camp. The original letters and Sala's diary are in the permanent collection of the Dorot Jewish Division of the New York Public Library, and were exhibited to public in 2006. The book was later adapted into a play by Arlene Hutton Arlene Hutton is an American playwright, theatre artist and teacher. She is best-known for a trio of plays, set during and after the Second World War, known as '' The Nibroc Trilogy''. The initial play of that trilogy, ''Last Train to Nibroc'', wa ... titled ''Letters to Sala''. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ann Kirschner
Ann Kirschner is an American entrepreneur, educator, and author of the books Sala's Gift: My Mother's Holocaust Story and ''Lady at the OK Corral: The True Story of Josephine Marcus Earp''. A veteran of four start-ups, Kirschner launched the National Football League's NFL.COM and co-founded Columbia University's interactive knowledge network Fathom.com. She is Dean Emerita of Macaulay Honors College of the City University of New York (CUNY), a University Professor at the CUNY Graduate Center, and a faculty fellow of the Futures Initiative. She is the co-founder of thWomen In Technology and Entrepreneurship in New York (WiTNY) a collaboration between CUNY and Cornell Tech to increase participation of women in computer science, and a trustee of Princeton University. Education and early career Kirschner's eclectic career includes lecturer, author, and media and marketing pioneer in broadcast television, cable, satellite, and interactive media. A Whiting Fellow in the Humanities, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sala Kirschner
Sala Kirschner (March 5, 1924 – March 7, 2018) was a Holocaust survivor whose correspondences with her friends and relatives during the Holocaust were turned into a New York Public Library exhibition and later book, '' Sala's Gift'', which chronicled her experiences. The book was translated into seven languages, and turned into a play in 2013 by Arlene Hutton. Early life Kirschner was born Sala Garncarz in Sosnowiec, Poland to Joseph Garncarz, a rabbi and teacher, and Chana Garncarz née Feldman. She had eleven siblings, eight of whom were alive in 1940. She attended the religious Beth Jacob schools of Sarah Schenirer and spoke Polish at the public school that she attended, and Yiddish and Hebrew at home. The Holocaust When Kirschner was 16, Germany invaded Poland. In 1940, Kirschner's older sister Raizel received a summons to work at a German labor camp; Sala volunteered to go in her sister's place, and on October 28, 1940, was taken to Geppersdorf, where Jewish male laborers b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holocaust
The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population. The murders were carried out in pogroms and mass shootings; by a policy of extermination through labor in concentration camps; and in gas chambers and gas vans in German extermination camps, chiefly Auschwitz-Birkenau, Bełżec, Chełmno, Majdanek, Sobibór, and Treblinka in occupied Poland. Germany implemented the persecution in stages. Following Adolf Hitler's appointment as chancellor on 30 January 1933, the regime built a network of concentration camps in Germany for political opponents and those deemed "undesirable", starting with Dachau on 22 March 1933. After the passing of the Enabling Act on 24 March, which gave Hitler dictatorial plenary powers, the government began i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collection Of Letters
A letter collection or letter book consists of a publication, usually a book, containing a compilation of letters written by a real person. Unlike an epistolary novel, a letter collection belongs to non-fiction literature. As a publication, a letter collection is distinct from an archive, which is a repository of original documents. Usually, the original letters are written over the course of the lifetime of an important individual, noted either for their social position or their intellectual influence, and consist of messages to specific recipients. They might also be open letters intended for a broad audience. After these letters have served their original purpose, a letter collection gathers them to be republished as a group. Letter collections, as a form of life writing, serve a biographical purpose. They also typically select and organize the letters to serve an aesthetic or didactic aim, as in literary belles-lettres and religious epistles. The editor who chooses, organi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nazi
Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Nazi Germany. During Hitler's rise to power in 1930s Europe, it was frequently referred to as Hitlerism (german: Hitlerfaschismus). The later related term "neo-Nazism" is applied to other far-right groups with similar ideas which formed after the Second World War. Nazism is a form of fascism, with disdain for liberal democracy and the parliamentary system. It incorporates a dictatorship, fervent antisemitism, anti-communism, scientific racism, and the use of eugenics into its creed. Its extreme nationalism originated in pan-Germanism and the ethno-nationalist ''Völkisch movement, Völkisch'' movement which had been a prominent aspect of German nationalism since the late 19th century, and it was strongly i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labor Camps
A labor camp (or labour camp, see spelling differences) or work camp is a detention facility where inmates are forced to engage in penal labor as a form of punishment. Labor camps have many common aspects with slavery and with prisons (especially prison farms). Conditions at labor camps vary widely depending on the operators. Convention no. 105 of the United Nations International Labour Organization (ILO), adopted internationally on 27 June 1957, abolished camps of forced labor. In the 20th century, a new category of labor camps developed for the imprisonment of millions of people who were not criminals ''per se'', but political opponents (real or imagined) and various so-called undesirables under communist and fascist regimes. Some of those camps were dubbed "reeducation facilities" for political coercion, but most others served as backbones of industry and agriculture for the benefit of the state, especially in times of war. Precursors Early-modern states could exploit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ala Gertner
Ala Gertner (March 12, 1912 – January 5, 1945), referred to in other sources as Alla, Alina, Ella, and Ela Gertner, was one of four women hanged in the Auschwitz concentration camp for her role in the ''Sonderkommando'' revolt of October 7, 1944. Life Gertner was born in Będzin, Poland, one of three children in a prosperous Jewish family. Before the German and Slovakia invasion of Poland, she attended the gymnasium in Będzin. The city was located in the industrial region of Zagłębie Dąbrowskie in south-western Poland on the border with Germany. Geppersdorf labour camp The German military took over Będzin on the first day of the invasion, burned the Grand Synagogue down within a week, and began massive resettlement actions. On October 28, 1940 Gertner was ordered to report to the train station in nearby Sosnowiec, where she was taken to a Nazi labor camp in Geppersdorf (now Rzedziwojowice), a construction site where hundreds of Jewish men were used as forced laborers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanged
Hanging is the suspension of a person by a noose or ligature around the neck.Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed. Hanging as method of execution is unknown, as method of suicide from 1325. The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' states that hanging in this sense is "specifically to put to death by suspension by the neck", though it formerly also referred to crucifixion and death by impalement in which the body would remain "hanging". Hanging has been a common method of capital punishment since medieval times, and is the primary execution method in numerous countries and regions. The first known account of execution by hanging was in Homer's ''Odyssey'' (Book XXII). In this specialised meaning of the common word ''hang'', the past and past participle is ''hanged'' instead of ''hung''. Hanging is a common method of suicide in which a person applies a ligature to the neck and brings about unconsciousness and then death by suspension or partial suspension. Methods of judicial hanging Ther ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auschwitz
Auschwitz concentration camp ( (); also or ) was a complex of over 40 Nazi concentration camps, concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany, occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) during World War II and the Holocaust. It consisted of #Auschwitz I, Auschwitz I, the main camp (''Stammlager'') in Oświęcim; #Auschwitz II-Birkenau, Auschwitz II-Birkenau, a concentration and extermination camp with gas chambers; #Auschwitz III, Auschwitz III-Monowitz, a Arbeitslager, labor camp for the chemical conglomerate IG Farben; and List of subcamps of Auschwitz, dozens of subcamps. The camps became a major site of the Nazis' Final Solution to the Jewish Question, final solution to the Jewish question. After Germany Causes of World War II#Invasion of Poland, sparked World War II by Invasion of Poland, invading Poland in September 1939, the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) converted Auschwitz I, an army barracks, into a p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sonderkommando
''Sonderkommandos'' (, ''special unit'') were work units made up of German Nazi death camp prisoners. They were composed of prisoners, usually Jews, who were forced, on threat of their own deaths, to aid with the disposal of gas chamber victims during the Holocaust. The death-camp ''Sonderkommandos'', who were always inmates, were unrelated to the '' SS-Sonderkommandos'', which were ''ad hoc'' units formed from members of various SS offices between 1938 and 1945. The German term was part of the vague and euphemistic language which the Nazis used to refer to aspects of the Final Solution (e.g., ''Einsatzkommando'', "deployment units"). Death factory workers ''Sonderkommando'' members did not participate directly in killing; that responsibility was reserved for the SS, while the ''Sonderkommandos'' primary duty was disposing of the corpses. In most cases, they were inducted immediately upon arrival at the camp and forced into the position under threat of death. They were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New York Public Library
The New York Public Library (NYPL) is a public library system in New York City. With nearly 53 million items and 92 locations, the New York Public Library is the second largest public library in the United States (behind the Library of Congress) and the fourth largest in the world. It is a private, non-governmental, independently managed, nonprofit corporation operating with both private and public financing. The library has branches in the boroughs of the Bronx, Manhattan, and Staten Island and affiliations with academic and professional libraries in the New York metropolitan area. The city's other two boroughs, Brooklyn and Queens, are not served by the New York Public Library system, but rather by their respective borough library systems: the Brooklyn Public Library and the Queens Public Library. The branch libraries are open to the general public and consist of circulating libraries. The New York Public Library also has four research libraries, which are also open to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arlene Hutton
Arlene Hutton is an American playwright, theatre artist and teacher. She is best-known for a trio of plays, set during and after the Second World War, known as '' The Nibroc Trilogy''. The initial play of that trilogy, ''Last Train to Nibroc'', was the first play to transfer from FringeNYC to Off-Broadway (the second to do so was the hit musical ''Urinetown''). Other works for which she is known include a one-act dramatic work about the aftermath of a sexual assault, ''I Dream Before I Take the Stand''; a one-act musical drama set among the members of a Shaker community in the 19th Century, ''As It Is in Heaven''; and a Holocaust-themed work, ''Letters to Sala'', based on actual documents. She has also created plays for young audiences. Her work has won many awards. From ''The Nibroc Trilogy'', ''Last Train to Nibroc'' received a 2000 New York Drama League Best Play nomination, ''See Rock City'' won the In the Spirit of America Award, and ''Gulf View Drive'' received ''L.A. Weekl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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