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Sack Of Rome (846)
The Arab raid against Rome took place in 846. Arab raiders plundered the outskirts of the city of Rome, sacking the basilicas of Old St Peter's and St Paul's-Outside-the-Walls, but were prevented from entering the city itself by the Aurelian Walls. Background In the 820s, the Aghlabids of Ifriqiya (known by medieval Italians as the Saracens) began their conquest of Sicily. In 842, Arab forces under the rule of Muhammad Abul Abbas took Messina, Sicily. Around the same time Radelchis and Siconulf, rivals engaged in civil war over the Principality of Benevento, hired Arab mercenaries. There is disagreement among the chroniclers over the origins of the raiders who attacked Rome, although most sources describe them as Saracens. According to the ''Liber Pontificalis'' and the '' Chronicle of Monte Cassino'', the raiders were Saracens from Africa who raided Corsica before attacking Rome. The ''Annals of Fulda'', on the other hand, describe the raiders as Moors (), which generally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rome
Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2,746,984 residents in , Rome is the list of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, third most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. The Metropolitan City of Rome Capital, with a population of 4,223,885 residents, is the most populous metropolitan cities of Italy, metropolitan city in Italy. Rome metropolitan area, Its metropolitan area is the third-most populous within Italy. Rome is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, within Lazio (Latium), along the shores of the Tiber Valley. Vatican City (the smallest country in the world and headquarters of the worldwide Catholic Church under the governance of the Holy See) is an independent country inside the city boun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corsica
Corsica ( , , ; ; ) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the Regions of France, 18 regions of France. It is the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, fourth-largest island in the Mediterranean and lies southeast of the Metropolitan France#Hexagon, French mainland, west of the Italian Peninsula and immediately north of the Italian island of Sardinia, the nearest land mass. A single chain of mountains makes up two-thirds of the island. , it had a population of 355,528. The island is a Single territorial collectivity, territorial collectivity of France, and is expected to achieve "a form of autonomy" in the near future. The regional capital is Ajaccio. Although the region is divided into two administrative Departments of France, departments, Haute-Corse and Corse-du-Sud, their respective regional and departmental Territorial collectivity, territorial collectivities were merged on 1 January 2018 to form the single territorial collectivity of Corsica. Corsican aut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miseno
Miseno is one of the ''frazioni'' of the municipality of Bacoli in the Italian Province of Naples. Known in ancient Roman times as Misenum, it is the site of a great Roman port. Geography Nearby Cape Miseno marks the northwestern end of the Bay of Naples. History According to mythology, Misenum was named after Misenus, a companion of Hector and trumpeter to Aeneas. Misenus is supposed to have drowned near here after a trumpet competition with the sea-god Triton, as recounted in Virgil's Aeneid. With its gorgeous natural setting and the nearby important Roman cities of Puteoli and Neapolis, Misenum became, from the Republican era, the site of Roman luxury villas, such as that of Marius which was taken by Sulla and later bought by Lucullus. It was then appropriated as imperial property and Tiberius died there in 37 AD. In 39 BC, Misenum was the site where the short-lived Pact of Misenum was made between Octavian (later Augustus), and his rival Sextus Pompeius. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Sorrento
The Duchy of Sorrento was a small peninsular duchy of the Early Middle Ages centred on the Italian city of Sorrento. Established in the 7th century as a fief of the Duchy of Naples, at the time still part of the Byzantine Empire. Subsequently Duchy of Naples became de facto autonomous from the Byzantine Empire, and in 840, Sorrento in turn gained de facto independence from Duchy of Naples. Both duchies remained only nominally territories under the control of the Byzantine Empire. In 839 it resisted, with the help of the Duchy of Naples, under siege by the Lombard prince Sicard of Benevento, who the year before had conquered the Duchy of Amalfi. Being the smallest and the most exposed, being on a peninsula, of the Campanian duchies, often it had to ally themselves to protect themselves from the ever-growing menace of the Saracens. In 846, the Duchy of Sorrento joined the Lega Campana, promoted and established by Pope Leo IV for the defense of Rome and the Papal States agains ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Gaeta
The Duchy of Gaeta () was an Early Middle Ages, early medieval state centered on the coastal Mezzogiorno, South Italian city of Gaeta. It began in the early ninth century as the local community began to grow autonomous as Byzantine Empire, Byzantine power lagged in the Mediterranean and the peninsula due to Lombards, Lombard and Saracens, Saracen incursions. The primary source for the history of Gaeta during its ducal period is the ''Codex Caietanus'', a collection of charters preserving Gaetan history better and in greater detail than that of its neighbouring coastal states: Naples, Amalfi, and Sorrento. In 778, it was the headquarters from which the patrikios, patrician of Sicily directed the campaign against the Saracen invaders of Campania. Rise of the Docibilans The first consul of Gaeta, Constantine of Gaeta, Constantine, who associated his son Marinus I of Gaeta, Marinus with him, was a Byzantine agent and a vassal of Andrew II of Naples. Constantine defended the city fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Amalfi
The Duchy of Amalfi () or the Republic of Amalfi was a '' de facto'' independent state centered on the Southern Italian city of Amalfi during the 10th and 11th centuries. The city and its territory were originally part of the larger Duchy of Naples, governed by a patrician, but it extracted itself from Byzantine vassalage and first elected a duke (or doge) in 958. During the 10th and 11th centuries Amalfi was estimated to have a population of 50,000–70,000 people. It rose to become an economic powerhouse, a commercial center whose merchants dominated Mediterranean and Italian trade in the ninth and tenth centuries, before being surpassed and superseded by the other maritime republics of the North and the Centre: Pisa, Venice, Genoa, Ancona and Gaeta. In 1073, Amalfi lost its independence, falling to Norman invasion and subsequently to Pisa in 1137. History The city of Amalfi was founded as a trading post in 339. Its first bishop was appointed in 596. In 838, the city wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sergius I Of Naples
Sergius I (died 864) was the first duke of Naples of his dynasty, often dubbed the "Sergi," which ruled over Naples for almost three centuries from his accession in 840 until the death of his namesake Sergius VII in 1137. Sergius was originally the '' dux'' of Cumae, a Neapolitan dependency. In 840, with the Franks trying to take the city, the people elected Sergius as duke (or ''magister militum'') of Naples. This was a move towards complete independence from the Byzantine Empire, which was incapable of defending the '' Ducatus Neapolitanus'' from the Lombards. Sergius continued the beneficial alliance the Neapolitans had made with the Saracens of Palermo earlier. He aided them in taking Bari from the Byzantines in 841 and Messina in 842. By turning away from the Byzantines and towards the papacy and the Franks, he opened the way for the expulsion of the Muslims from the Campania. The Saracens soon became too dangerous to keep as friends and Naples was forced to ally with Amalfi, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Licosa
Licosa is a southern Italian village and hamlet () of Castellabate, a municipality in the province of Salerno, Campania. As of 2009 its population was of 82. History The toponym derives from the Greek word Λευκωσία (Leukosia, Lefkosía in Modern Greek), meaning "white". A legend says that Leucosia was one of the three mythological sirens met by Ulysses in the ''Odyssey''. The toponym is therefore related to Nicosia (, ), capital of Cyprus, and to Nicosia, a town in Sicily. The area, inhabited since the Upper Paleolithic, was settled by Oenotrians, Lucani (''Leukànoi''), Greeks and Romans; as witnessed by the ruins of the ancient Greek city of Leucosia, or Leukothèa. In 846 it was the site of a naval battle between the Saracens and the Duchy of Naples with allies. The medieval fief of Licosa, established by the abbot Constabilis in 1123, was part of the baronage of '' Castello dell'Abate'', and was administered by the abbots of La Trinità della Cava. Geograph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pontine Islands
The Pontine Islands (, also ; ) are an archipelago in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the coast of Lazio region, Italy. The islands were collectively named after the largest island in the group, Ponza. The other islands in the archipelago are Palmarola, Zannone, and Gavi to the northwest and Ventotene and Santo Stefano to the southeast. These two groups are separated by . From Sabaudia- Cape Circeo peninsula to Zannone the distance is , while Ventotene faces Gaeta (21 miles). The minimum distance between Santo Stefano and the isle of Ischia is . In ancient times they were called Pontiae (Πόντιαι). The archipelago is volcanic and has been inhabited for thousands of years. Neolithic artefacts and Bronze Age obsidians have been excavated on the islands. The islands were used by the Etruscans who carved the "Blue Grottos". The earliest recorded history of the islands occurs with the Roman victory over the Volsci at 338 BC. According to a local legend, this was once the lost Kin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John The Deacon (Neapolitan Historian)
John the Deacon (died after 910) was a religious writer who held a diaconate in the church of Saint Januarius Outside the Walls at Naples. From his writings appears to have been very learned. He wrote several historical works, important sources of information for the history of his time. He first wrote a continuation of the diocesan chronicle of Naples ('' Gesta episcoporum Neapolitanorum''), begun by another cleric, but which he brings down from 762 to 872. He makes use of both written and oral tradition, and contributes from personal knowledge. The narrative is graphic and spirited, and impresses the reader as a frank and accurate story. He also wrote a history of the translation in the fifth century of the remains of St. Severinus, the Apostle of Noricum, from the Castellum Lucullanum in the Bay of Naples to a new monastery within the city. This work contains the important account of the destruction of Taormina in Sicily by the Saracens under Ibrahim, and of the martyrdom of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Annals Of Xanten
The ''Annales Xantenses'' or ''Annals of Xanten'' are a series of annals which adapt and continue the Royal Frankish Annals. Their first editor, Georg Pertz, thought they were perhaps written at the monastery at Xanten, hence their name. However, according to Heinz Löwe, the entries from 790 to around 860 were probably written at Lorsch by Gerward, a royal chaplain. Löwe suggests that the manuscript subsequently passed to Cologne, and around 871 new entries were written there, for the years from 861 onwards. This part of the text is hostile to Archbishop Gunthar of Cologne. The annals survive in a single twelfth-century manuscript, London, British Library Cotton Tiberius C.XI. References {{Reflist Sources *Edition: https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_ss_rer_germ_12/index.htm#page/(1)/mode/1up *Medieval Sourcebook The Internet History Sourcebooks Project is located at the Fordham University History Department and Center for Medieval Studies. It is a web site with modern, medieval and anc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maghreb
The Maghreb (; ), also known as the Arab Maghreb () and Northwest Africa, is the western part of the Arab world. The region comprises western and central North Africa, including Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, and Tunisia. The Maghreb also includes the territorial dispute, disputed territory of Western Sahara. As of 2018, the region had a population of over 100 million people. The Maghreb is usually defined as encompassing much of the northern part of Africa, including a large portion of the Sahara Desert, but excluding Egypt and the Sudan, which are considered to be located in the Mashriq — the eastern part of the Arab world. The traditional definition of the Maghreb — which restricted its scope to the Atlas Mountains and the coastal plains of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya — was expanded in modern times to include Mauritania and the disputed territory of Western Sahara. During the era of al-Andalus on the Iberian Peninsula (711–1492), the Maghreb's inhabita ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
