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S Phase Index (SPI)
S-phase index (SPI), is a measure of cell growth and viability, especially the capacity of tumor cells to proliferate.''Oncology Nursing Forum'', Volume 18, p. xxv (Oncology Nursing Society, 1991). It is defined as the number of BrdU-incorporating cells relative to the volume of DNA staining determined from whole mount confocal analyses. Only cells in the S phase will incorporate BrdU into their DNA structure, which assists in determining length of the cell cycle. References * Murphy, Terence D. "''Drosophila skpA, a component of SCF ubiquitin ligases, regulates centrosome duplication independently of cyclin E accumulation''", ''Journal of Cell Science The ''Journal of Cell Science'' (formerly the ''Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science'') is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of cell biology. The journal is published by The Company of Biologists. The journal is partnered with P ...'' 116, 2321-2332 (2003). Cellular processes {{Cell-biology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Cell Growth
Cell growth refers to an increase in the total mass of a cell, including both cytoplasmic, nuclear and organelle volume. Cell growth occurs when the overall rate of cellular biosynthesis (production of biomolecules or anabolism) is greater than the overall rate of cellular degradation (the destruction of biomolecules via the proteasome, lysosome or autophagy, or catabolism). Cell growth is not to be confused with cell division or the cell cycle, which are distinct processes that can occur alongside cell growth during the process of cell proliferation, where a cell, known as the mother cell, grows and divides to produce two daughter cells. Importantly, cell growth and cell division can also occur independently of one another. During early embryonic development ( cleavage of the zygote to form a morula and blastoderm), cell divisions occur repeatedly without cell growth. Conversely, some cells can grow without cell division or without any progression of the cell cycl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Oncology Nursing Forum
''Oncology Nursing Forum'' is a bimonthly peer-reviewed nursing journal covering oncology nursing. It was established in 1977 and is published by the Oncology Nursing Society The Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) is a nonprofit membership organization of more than 35,000 members committed to promoting excellence in oncology nursing and the transformation of cancer care. ONS traces its origin to the first National Cancer .... The editor-in-chief is Debra Lyon. According to the '' Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2019 impact factor of 1.728.Clarivate Analytics. (2020). Oncology Nursing Forum. In 2019 Journal Citation Reports. Retrieved from https://jcr.clarivate.com/ References External links * {{Official website, https://onf.ons.org Academic journals established in 1977 Oncology nursing journals Bimonthly journals English-language journals Academic journals published by learned and professional societies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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BrdU
Bromodeoxyuridine (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, BrdU, BUdR, BrdUrd, broxuridine) is a synthetic nucleoside analogue with a chemical structure similar to thymidine. BrdU is commonly used to study cell proliferation in living tissues and has been studied as a radiosensitizer and diagnostic tool in people with cancer. During S phase of the cell cycle (when DNA replication occurs), BrdU can be incorporated in place of thymidine in newly synthesized DNA molecules of dividing cells. Cells that have recently performed DNA replication or DNA repair can be detected with antibodies specific for BrdU using techniques such as immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence. BrdU-labelled cells in humans can be detected up to two years after BrdU infusion. Because BrdU can replace thymidine during DNA replication, it can cause mutations, and its use is therefore potentially a health hazard. However, because it is neither radioactive nor myelotoxic at labeling concentrations, it is widely ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Staining
Staining is a technique used to enhance contrast in samples, generally at the microscopic level. Stains and dyes are frequently used in histology (microscopic study of biological tissues), in cytology (microscopic study of cells), and in the medical fields of histopathology, hematology, and cytopathology that focus on the study and diagnoses of diseases at the microscopic level. Stains may be used to define biological tissues (highlighting, for example, muscle fibers or connective tissue), cell populations (classifying different blood cells), or organelles within individual cells. In biochemistry, it involves adding a class-specific ( DNA, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates) dye to a substrate to qualify or quantify the presence of a specific compound. Staining and fluorescent tagging can serve similar purposes. Biological staining is also used to mark cells in flow cytometry, and to flag proteins or nucleic acids in gel electrophoresis. Light microscopes are used for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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S Phase
S phase (Synthesis Phase) is the phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between G1 phase and G2 phase. Since accurate duplication of the genome is critical to successful cell division, the processes that occur during S-phase are tightly regulated and widely conserved. Regulation Entry into S-phase is controlled by the G1 restriction point (R), which commits cells to the remainder of the cell-cycle if there is adequate nutrients and growth signaling. This transition is essentially irreversible; after passing the restriction point, the cell will progress through S-phase even if environmental conditions become unfavorable. Accordingly, entry into S-phase is controlled by molecular pathways that facilitate a rapid, unidirectional shift in cell state. In yeast, for instance, cell growth induces accumulation of Cln3 cyclin, which complexes with the cyclin dependent kinase CDK2. The Cln3-CDK2 complex promotes transcription of S-phase genes by inactivatin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Cell Cycle
The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that take place in a cell that cause it to divide into two daughter cells. These events include the duplication of its DNA ( DNA replication) and some of its organelles, and subsequently the partitioning of its cytoplasm, chromosomes and other components into two daughter cells in a process called cell division. In cells with nuclei (eukaryotes, i.e., animal, plant, fungal, and protist cells), the cell cycle is divided into two main stages: interphase and the mitotic (M) phase (including mitosis and cytokinesis). During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, and replicates its DNA and some of its organelles. During the mitotic phase, the replicated chromosomes, organelles, and cytoplasm separate into two new daughter cells. To ensure the proper replication of cellular components and division, there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints after each of the ke ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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Journal Of Cell Science
The ''Journal of Cell Science'' (formerly the ''Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science'') is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of cell biology. The journal is published by The Company of Biologists. The journal is partnered with Publons, is part of the Review Commons initiative and has two-way integration with bioRxiv. ''Journal of Cell Science'' is a hybrid journal and publishes 24 issues a year. Content over 6 months old is free to read. History Foundation and early years The journal was established in 1853 as the ''Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science'' (''Q. J. Microsc. Sci.'', ). The founding editors were Edwin Lankester and George Busk.''Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science'' 1(1), front matter (accessed 18 April ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |