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SSVP Docking System
Sistema Stykovki i Vnutrennego Perekhoda, SSVP (, ''System for docking and internal transfer'') is a docking standard used by Soviet and Russian spacecraft, sometimes called RDS for ''Russian Docking System''. It has been used on all variants of Soyuz other than the Soyuz 7K-L3 and early flights of the Soyuz 7K-OK, as well as Progress, TKS, ATV, and on all Soviet and Russian space stations. History SSVP was initially conceived in 1967 by the TsKBEM design bureau for use on the then-planned OIS military space station. Though OIS never flew, in 1970 the design was selected for use on the Salyut and Almaz space stations. During its first attempted use on the Soyuz 10 mission, docking was unsuccessful due to a faulty hatch, and a failure in the automatic docking system. This led to a number of redesigns to reduce damage from accidental loads. In the 1980s, SSVP was further upgraded to support docking of large modules, such as the ones that would be used to construct ''Mir''. They ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Docking And Berthing Of Spacecraft
Docking and berthing of spacecraft is the joining of two spacecraft, space vehicles. This connection can be temporary, or wiktionary:semipermanent, partially permanent such as for space station modules. ''Docking'' specifically refers to joining of two separate free-flying space vehicles. ''Berthing'' refers to mating operations where a passive module/vehicle is placed into the mating interface of another space vehicle by using a robotic arm. Because the modern process of un-berthing requires more crew labor and is time-consuming, berthing operations are unsuited for rapid crew evacuations in the event of an emergency. History Docking Spacecraft docking capability depends on space rendezvous, the ability of two spacecraft to find each other and orbital station-keeping, station-keep in the same orbit. This was first developed by the United States for Project Gemini. It was planned for the crew of Gemini 6A, Gemini 6 to rendezvous and manually dock under the command of Wally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Orbital Segment
The Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) is the name given to the components of the International Space Station (ISS) constructed in Russia and operated by the Russian Roscosmos. The ROS handles Guidance, Navigation, and Control for the entire Station. Current composition The segment currently consists of six modules, which together essentially comprise the base configuration of the cancelled Russian space station ''Mir''-2. The segment is controlled directly from Roskosmos's Mission Control Center in Moscow. The six modules are (in order of launch): * '' Zarya'' (dawn) * ''Zvezda'' (star) * ''Poisk'' (search) * ''Rassvet'' (sunrise, dawn) * ''Nauka'' (science) * ''Prichal'' (berth) The first module, ''Zarya'', otherwise known as the Functional Cargo Block or FGB, was the first component of the ISS to be launched, and provided the early station configuration with electrical power, storage, propulsion, and navigation guidance, until a short time after the Russian service modul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spacecraft Components
A spacecraft is a vehicle that is designed to fly and operate in outer space. Spacecraft are used for a variety of purposes, including communications, Earth observation, meteorology, navigation, space colonization, planetary exploration, and transportation of humans and cargo. All spacecraft except single-stage-to-orbit vehicles cannot get into space on their own, and require a launch vehicle (carrier rocket). On a sub-orbital spaceflight, a space vehicle enters space and then returns to the surface without having gained sufficient energy or velocity to make a full Earth orbit. For orbital spaceflights, spacecraft enter closed orbits around the Earth or around other celestial bodies. Spacecraft used for human spaceflight carry people on board as crew or passengers from start or on orbit (space stations) only, whereas those used for robotic space missions operate either autonomously or telerobotically. Robotic spacecraft used to support scientific research are space prob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Docking System Standard
The International Docking System Standard (IDSS) is an international standard for spacecraft docking adapters. It was created by the International Space Station Multilateral Coordination Board, on behalf of the International Space Station partner organizations; NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and the Canadian Space Agency. The IDSS was originally formulated in 2010. The plan is for all cooperating agencies to make their future docking systems IDSS compatible. Design The IDSS docking mechanism can be androgynous, uses low impact technology, and allows both docking and berthing. It supports both autonomous and piloted docking and features pyrotechnics for contingency undocking. Once mated, the IDSS interface can transfer power, data, commands, air, communication, and in future implementations, will be able to transfer water, fuel, oxidizer and pressurant as well. The passage for crew and cargo transfer has a diameter of . The IDSS has a 2-phase docking procedure consisting of a so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Progress MS-17
Progress MS-17 (), Russian production No. 446, identified by NASA as Progress 78P, was a Progress spaceflight operated by Roscosmos to resupply the International Space Station (ISS). This was the 169th flight of a Progress spacecraft. History The Progress-MS is a crew-less freighter based on the Progress-M featuring improved avionics. This improved variant was first launched on 21 December 2015. It has the following improvements: * The new external compartment enables it to deploy satellites. Each compartment can hold up to four launch containers. First time installed on Progress MS-03. * Enhanced redundancy thanks to the addition of a backup system of electrical motors for the docking and sealing mechanism. * Improved Micrometeoroid (MMOD) protection with additional panels in the cargo compartment. * Luch Russian relay satellites link capabilities enable telemetry and control even when not in direct view of ground radio stations. * GNSS autonomous navigation enables real- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soyuz MS-18
Soyuz MS-18 (spacecraft named "Y. A. Gagarin") was a Soyuz (spacecraft), Soyuz spaceflight that was launched on 9 April 2021 at 07:42:41 Coordinated Universal Time, UTC. It transported three members of the Expedition 64 crew to the International Space Station (ISS). Soyuz MS-18 was the 146th crewed flight of a Soyuz spacecraft. The launching crew consisted of a Russian commander, a Russian flight engineer, and an American flight engineer of NASA. The spacecraft returned to Earth on 17 October 2021 following 191 days in space. The flight served as the landing vehicle for the Russian film director Klim Shipenko and actress Yulia Peresild who launched to the ISS aboard Soyuz MS-19 and spent twelve days in space in order to film a movie, ''Vyzov'' (). On 9 March 2021, Roscosmos announced that, at NASA's request, they would alter the existing flight plan to include Mark T. Vande Hei, Mark Vande Hei instead of Sergey Korsakov (cosmonaut), Sergei Korsakov in the main crew and Anne McCl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
APAS-95
The terms Androgynous Peripheral Attach System (APAS), Androgynous Peripheral Assembly System (APAS) and Androgynous Peripheral Docking System (APDS) are used interchangeably to describe a Russian family of spacecraft docking mechanisms, and are also sometimes used as generic names for any docking system in that family. A system similar to APAS-89/95 is used by the Chinese Shenzhou spacecraft. Overview The name of the system is Russian in origin, and is an acronym, , in the Cyrillic alphabet, from the Russian (''Androginno-periferiynyy agregat stykovki''). The English acronym was designed to be just the same letters but in the Latin alphabet, for which the first two words are direct counterparts of those in the original. The third word in Russian comes from the German , meaning "complicated mechanism", and the last means "docking". The last two words in the English name were picked to begin with the same equivalent letters as in the Russian name. The idea behind the design is th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orel Spacecraft
Orel () or Oryol, formerly Federation (), and PPTS (), is a project by Roscosmos to develop a new-generation, partially reusable crewed spacecraft. Until 2016, the official name was () or PTK NP. The goal of the project is to develop a next-generation spacecraft to replace the Soyuz spacecraft developed by the former Soviet Union to support low Earth orbit and lunar operations. It is similar in function to the US Orion or Commercial Crew Development spacecraft. The PPTS project was started following a failed attempt by Russia and the European Space Agency (ESA) to co-develop the Crew Space Transportation System (CSTS). Following ESA member states declining to finance Kliper in 2006 over concerns about workshare then again declining to finance development of CSTS in 2009 over technology transfer to Russia that could be used for military purposes, the Russian Federal Space Agency ordered a new crewed spacecraft from Russian companies. A development contract was awarded to R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Space Agency
The European Space Agency (ESA) is a 23-member International organization, international organization devoted to space exploration. With its headquarters in Paris and a staff of around 2,547 people globally as of 2023, ESA was founded in 1975 in the context of European integration. Its 2025 annual budget was €7.7 billion. The ESA Human and Robotic Exploration programme includes human spaceflight (mainly through participation in the International Space Station programme); as well as the launch and operation of missions to Mars and Moon. Further activities include science missions to Jupiter, Mercury, the Sun, Earth observation, Asteroid impact avoidance and Telecommunications missions, designing launch vehicles; and maintaining Europe's Spaceport, the Guiana Space Centre at Kourou (French Guiana). Further programmes include space safety, satellite navigation, applications and commercialisation. The main European launch vehicle Ariane 6 is operated through Arianespace ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zarya (ISS Module)
''Zarya'' (), also known as the ''Functional Cargo Block'' (), is the inaugural component of the International Space Station (ISS). Launched on 20 November 1998 atop a Proton-K rocket, the module would serve as the ISS's primary source of power, propulsion, and guidance during its early years. As the station has grown, ''Zarya''s role has transitioned primarily to storage, both internally and in its external fuel tanks. A descendant of the TKS spacecraft used in the ''Salyut'' programme, ''Zarya'' was built in Russia but its construction was financed by the United States. Its name, meaning "sunrise," symbolizes the beginning of a new era of international space cooperation. Construction The Zarya design was originally intended as a module for the Russian '' Mir'' space station, but was not flown as of the end of the Mir program. A FGB cargo block was incorporated as an upper stage engine into the Polyus spacecraft, flown (unsuccessfully) on the first Energia launch.B. Hen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prichal (ISS Module)
''Prichal'' (), also known as the Uzlovoy Module (UM, ) is a Russian-built component of the International Space Station (ISS). This spherical module has six docking ports (forward, aft, port, starboard, zenith, and nadir) to provide additional docking ports for Soyuz and Progress spacecraft, as well as potential future modules. ''Prichal'' was launched on 24November 2021, at 13:06:35UTC, atop a Soyuz-2.1b rocket and guided automously into the nadir port of the '' Nauka'' module by a Progress M-UM spacecraft attached to the ''Prichal''s nadir port. Once in place, the Progress spacecraft disconnected for a destructive reentry. As of 2024, the forward, aft, port and starboard docking ports remain covered. ''Prichal'' was initially intended to be an element of the now canceled Orbital Piloted Assembly and Experiment Complex (OPSEK). Description ''Prichal'' is a nodal module that has a pressurized spherical ball-shaped design with six hybrid docking ports. It also has functio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poisk (ISS Module)
''Poisk '' (), also known as the ''Mini-Research Module 2'' (MRM 2, ), is a docking module of the International Space Station (ISS). Added in 2009, ''Poisk'' was the first major Russian addition to the International Space Station since 2001. ''Poisk'' is overall the same design as the docking module Pirs (ISS module), ''Pirs''. Whereas ''Pirs'' was attached to the nadir ("bottom") port of Zvezda (ISS module), ''Zvezda'' until it was replaced by Nauka_(ISS_module), ''Nauka'', ''Poisk'' is attached to the zenith ("top"); ''Pirs'' was closer to the Earth with the ISS in its usual orientation, with ''Poisk'' on the other side. ''Poisk'' is Russian for ''explore'' or ''search''. ''Poisk'' combines various docking, Extravehicular activity, EVA, and science capabilities. It has two egress hatches for EVAs in addition to the two spacecraft docking ports. Although ''Poisk'' is designated as Mini-Research Module 2, it arrived before Mini-Research Module 1 (''Rassvet (ISS module), Rassvet'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
