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SQL
Structured Query Language (SQL) (pronounced ''S-Q-L''; or alternatively as "sequel") is a domain-specific language used to manage data, especially in a relational database management system (RDBMS). It is particularly useful in handling structured data, i.e., data incorporating relations among entities and variables. Introduced in the 1970s, SQL offered two main advantages over older read–write APIs such as ISAM or VSAM. Firstly, it introduced the concept of accessing many records with one single command. Secondly, it eliminates the need to specify ''how'' to reach a record, i.e., with or without an index. Originally based upon relational algebra and tuple relational calculus, SQL consists of many types of statements, which may be informally classed as sublanguages, commonly: Data query Language (DQL), Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Control Language (DCL), and Data Manipulation Language (DML). The scope of SQL includes data query, data manipulation (in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Graph Query Language
GQL (Graph Query Language) is a standardized query language for property graphs first described in ISO/IEC 39075, released in April 2024 by ISO/IEC. History The GQL project is the culmination of converging initiatives dating back to 2016, particularly a private proposal from Neo4j to other database vendors in July 2016, and a proposal from Oracle technical staff within the ISO/IEC JTC 1 standards process later that year. 2019 GQL project proposal In September 2019 a proposal for a project to create a new standard graph query language (ISO/IEC 39075 Information Technology — Database Languages — GQL) was approved by a vote of national standards bodies which are members of ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1. JTC 1 is responsible for international Information Technology standards. GQL is intended to be a declarative database query language, like SQL. The 2019 GQL project proposal states: Official ISO standard The GQL standard, ISO/IEC 39075:2024 Informa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Relational Database Management System
A relational database (RDB) is a database based on the relational model of data, as proposed by E. F. Codd in 1970. A Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) is a type of database management system that stores data in a structured format using rows and columns. Many relational database systems are equipped with the option of using SQL (Structured Query Language) for querying and updating the database. History The concept of relational database was defined by E. F. Codd at IBM in 1970. Codd introduced the term ''relational'' in his research paper "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks". In this paper and later papers, he defined what he meant by ''relation''. One well-known definition of what constitutes a relational database system is composed of Codd's 12 rules. However, no commercial implementations of the relational model conform to all of Codd's rules, so the term has gradually come to describe a broader class of database systems, which at a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Language Integrated Query
Language Integrated Query (LINQ, pronounced "link") is a Microsoft .NET Framework component that adds native data querying capabilities to .NET languages, originally released as a major part of .NET Framework 3.5 in 2007. LINQ extends the language by the addition of query expressions, which are akin to SQL statements, and can be used to conveniently extract and process data from arrays, enumerable classes, XML documents, relational databases, and third-party data sources. Other uses, which utilize query expressions as a general framework for readably composing arbitrary computations, include the construction of event handlers or monadic parsers. It also defines a set of method names (called ''standard query operators'', or ''standard sequence operators''), along with translation rules used by the compiler to translate query syntax expressions into expressions using fluent-style (called method syntax by Microsoft) with these method names, lambda expressions and anonymo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SQL-92
SQL-92 (also called SQL 2) was the third revision of the SQL database query language. Unlike SQL-89, it was a major revision of the standard. Aside from a few minor incompatibilities, the SQL-89 standard is forward-compatible with SQL-92. The standard specification itself grew about five times compared to SQL-89. Much of it was due to more precise specifications of existing features; the increase due to new features was only by a factor of 1.5–2. Many of the new features had already been implemented by vendors before the new standard was adopted. However, most of the new features were added to the "intermediate" and "full" tiers of the specification, meaning that conformance with SQL-92 entry level was scarcely any more demanding than conformance with SQL-89. The next revision is SQL:1999 (SQL3). Related official standard * ANSI X3.135-1992 * ISO/IEC 9075:1992 * FIPS PUB 127-2 New features Significant new features include: C. J. Date with Hugh Darwen: ''A Guide to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Relational Database Management Systems
This is a list of relational database management systems. List of software Front-end User interfaces Only * Apache OpenOffice Base ** HSQLDB * LibreOffice Base ** Firebird ** HSQLDB *Microsoft Access ** Access Database Engine Discontinued * Britton Lee IDMs * Cornerstone * DM/BasisPlus * Google Fusion Tables * IBM Business System 12 * IBM System R * MICRO Relational Database Management System * Pick * PRTV * QBE * IBM SQL/DS * Sybase SQL Server Front-end User interfaces Only * OpenOffice.org Base ** HSQLDB * StarBase ** Adabas D Relational by the Date–Darwen–Pascal Model Current * Alphora Dataphor (a proprietary virtual, federated DBMS and RAD MS .Net IDE). Obsolete * IBM Business System 12 * IBM IS1 * IBM PRTV (ISBL) * Multics Relational Data Store See also * Comparison of object–relational database management systems * Comparison of relational database management systems * Comparison of database administration tools {{Databases, cat=no * Relat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ISO/IEC 9075
ISO/ IEC 9075 "Information technology - Database languages - SQL" is an international standard for Structured Query Language, and is considered as specifying the minimum for what a database engine should fulfill in terms of SQL syntax, which is called Core SQL. The standard also defines a number of optional features. History The first edition was based on ANSI SQL. Editions Chronological overview of the editions (which have the year of publication in their name): * SQL-86 ANSI X3.135:1986 * SQL-87 ISO/IEC 9075:1987 - 1st edition, based on the ANSI standard * SQL-89, ANSI X3.135-1989, ISO/IEC 9075:1989 - 2nd edition * SQL-92 SQL-92 (also called SQL 2) was the third revision of the SQL database query language. Unlike SQL-89, it was a major revision of the standard. Aside from a few minor incompatibilities, the SQL-89 standard is forward-compatible with SQL-92. The ..., ANSI X3.135-1992, ISO/IEC 9075:1992 - 3rd edition * SQL:1999, ISO/IEC 9075:1999 - 4th edition * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
N1QL
Couchbase Server, originally known as Membase, is a source-available, distributed ( shared-nothing architecture) multi-model NoSQL document-oriented database software package optimized for interactive applications. These applications may serve many concurrent users by creating, storing, retrieving, aggregating, manipulating and presenting data. In support of these kinds of application needs, Couchbase Server is designed to provide easy-to-scale key-value, or JSON document access, with low latency and high sustainability throughput. It is designed to be clustered from a single machine to very large-scale deployments spanning many machines. Couchbase Server provided client protocol compatibility with memcached, but added disk persistence, data replication, live cluster reconfiguration, rebalancing and multitenancy with data partitioning. Product history Membase was developed by several leaders of the memcached project, who had founded a company, NorthScale, to develop a k ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32 Data management and interchange is a standardization subcommittee of the Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), which develops and facilitates standards within the field of data management and interchange. The international secretariat of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32 is the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) located in the United States. History ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32 was formed in 1997, as a combination of the following three ISO/IEC JTC 1 subgroups: ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 21/WG 3, Database; ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 14, Data elements; and ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 30, Open-edi. The new subcommittee was established with the intention of developing, and facilitating the development of, standards for data management within local and distributed information system environments. ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32 was originally made up of five working groups (WGs). ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 32/WG 5, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Datalog
Datalog is a declarative logic programming language. While it is syntactically a subset of Prolog, Datalog generally uses a bottom-up rather than top-down evaluation model. This difference yields significantly different behavior and properties from Prolog. It is often used as a query language for deductive databases. Datalog has been applied to problems in data integration, networking, program analysis, and more. Example A Datalog program consists of ''facts'', which are statements that are held to be true, and ''rules'', which say how to deduce new facts from known facts. For example, here are two facts that mean ''xerces is a parent of brooke'' and ''brooke is a parent of damocles'': parent(xerces, brooke). parent(brooke, damocles). The names are written in lowercase because strings beginning with an uppercase letter stand for variables. Here are two rules: ancestor(X, Y) :- parent(X, Y). ancestor(X, Y) :- parent(X, Z), ancestor(Z, Y). The :- symbol is read as "if", ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Domain-specific Language
A domain-specific language (DSL) is a computer language specialized to a particular application domain. This is in contrast to a general-purpose language (GPL), which is broadly applicable across domains. There are a wide variety of DSLs, ranging from widely used languages for common domains, such as HTML for web pages, down to languages used by only one or a few pieces of software, such as MUSH soft code. DSLs can be further subdivided by the kind of language, and include domain-specific ''markup'' languages, domain-specific ''modeling'' languages (more generally, specification languages), and domain-specific ''programming'' languages. Special-purpose computer languages have always existed in the computer age, but the term "domain-specific language" has become more popular due to the rise of domain-specific modeling. Simpler DSLs, particularly ones used by a single application, are sometimes informally called mini-languages. The line between general-purpose languages and doma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Java Object Oriented Querying
jOOQ Object Oriented Querying, commonly known as jOOQ, is a light database-mapping software library in Java that implements the active record pattern. Its purpose is to be both relational and object oriented by providing a domain-specific language to construct queries from classes generated from a database schema. Paradigm jOOQ claims that SQL should come first in any database integration. Thus, it does not introduce a new textual query language, but rather allows for constructing plain SQL from jOOQ objects and code generated from a database schema. jOOQ uses JDBC to call the underlying SQL queries. While it provides abstraction on top of JDBC, jOOQ does not have as much functionality and complexity as standard object–relational mapping libraries such as EclipseLink or Hibernate. jOOQ's closeness to SQL has advantages over typical object–relational mapping libraries. SQL has many features that cannot be used in an object oriented programming paradigm; this set of di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Query Language
A query language, also known as data query language or database query language (DQL), is a computer language used to make queries in databases and information systems. In database systems, query languages rely on strict theory to retrieve information. A well known example is the Structured Query Language (SQL). Types Broadly, query languages can be classified according to whether they are ''database'' query languages or ''information retrieval'' query languages. The difference is that a database query language attempts to give factual answers to factual questions, while an information retrieval query language attempts to find documents containing information that is relevant to an area of inquiry. Other types of query languages include: * Full-text. The simplest query language is treating all terms as bag of words that are to be matched with the postings in the inverted index and where subsequently ranking models are applied to retrieve the most relevant documents. Only tokens ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
