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Rwandan Government
Politically, Rwanda is a ''de facto'' one-party state ruled by the Rwandan Patriotic Front and its leader Paul Kagame since the end of the 1994 genocide against members of the Tutsi ethnic group. Although Rwanda is nominally democratic, elections are manipulated in various ways, which include banning opposition parties, arresting or assassinating critics, and electoral fraud. Rwandan law developed from Belgian and German civil law systems and customary law takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential republic, whereby the president of Rwanda is the head of state with significant executive power, with the prime minister of Rwanda being the constitutional head of government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. On 5 May 1995, the Transitional National Assembly adopted a new constitution which included elements of the constitution of 18 June 1991 as well as provisions of the 1993 Arush ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kinyarwanda Language
Kinyarwanda, Rwandan or Rwanda, officially known as Ikinyarwanda, is a Bantu language and the national language of Rwanda. It is a dialect of the Rwanda-Rundi language that is also spoken in adjacent parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and in Uganda, where the dialect is known as Ikinyakore, Rufumbira, or ''Urufumbira''. Kinyarwanda is universal among the native population of Rwanda and is mutually intelligible with Kirundi, the national language of neighbouring Burundi. Kinyabwishya and Kinyamulenge are mutually intelligible dialects spoken in the North Kivu and South Kivu provinces of neighbouring DR Congo. In 2010, the Rwanda Academy of Language and Culture (RALC) was established to help promote and sustain Kinyarwanda. The organization attempted an orthographic reform in 2014, but it was met with pushback due to their perceived top-down and political nature, among other reasons. Geographic distribution Kinyarwanda is spoken in Rwanda, the Democratic Republic of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Donatille Mukabalisa
Donatille Mukabalisa (born July 30, 1960) is a Rwandan lawyer and politician, notably the Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies. She was elected Speaker of the Rwandan parliament in 2013 after the country's national elections. Donatille Mukabalisa has been designated as a senator by the National Consultative Forum of Political Organisations (NFPO) on September 19, 2024. Biography Donatille Mukabalisa was born on July 30, 1960, in Nyamata. She teaches law at the Kigali Independent University. She worked at the World Health Organization at the end of her studies and for 16 years at the United Nations Development Program. Mukabalisa decided to become involved in politics in 2000, after the genocide and the transition period that followed the arrival of Paul Kagame Paul Kagame ( ; born 23 October 1957) is a Rwandan politician and former military officer who has been the President of Rwanda since 2000. He was previously a commander of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), a re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethnicity
An ethnicity or ethnic group is a group of people with shared attributes, which they Collective consciousness, collectively believe to have, and long-term endogamy. Ethnicities share attributes like language, culture, common sets of ancestry, traditions, society, religion, history or social treatment. Ethnicities may also have a narrow or broad spectrum of genetic ancestry, with some groups having mixed genetic ancestry. ''Ethnicity'' is sometimes used interchangeably with nation, ''nation'', particularly in cases of ethnic nationalism. It is also used interchangeably with ''Race (human categorization), race'' although not all ethnicities identify as racial groups. By way of cultural assimilation, assimilation, acculturation, Cultural amalgamation, amalgamation, language shift, Heterogamy#Social science, intermarriage, adoption and religious conversion, individuals or groups may over time shift from one ethnic group to another. Ethnic groups may be divided into subgroups or tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tutsi
The Tutsi ( ), also called Watusi, Watutsi or Abatutsi (), are an ethnic group of the African Great Lakes region. They are a Bantu languages, Bantu-speaking ethnic group and the second largest of three main ethnic groups in Rwanda and Burundi (the other two being the largest Bantu peoples, Bantu ethnic group Hutu and the African Pygmies, Pygmy group of the Twa). Historically, the Tutsi were Pastoralism, pastoralists and filled the ranks of the warriors' caste. Before 1962, they regulated and controlled Rwandan society, which was composed of Tutsi aristocracy and Hutu commoners, utilizing a clientship structure. They occupied the dominant positions in the sharply stratified society and constituted the ruling class. Origins and classification The historian Christopher Ehret believes that the Tutsi mainly descend from speakers of an extinct branch of South Cushitic languages, South Cushitic he calls "Tale south Cushitic." The Tale southern cushites entered the Great Lakes region s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rwandan Genocide
The Rwandan genocide, also known as the genocide against the Tutsi, occurred from 7 April to 19 July 1994 during the Rwandan Civil War. Over a span of around 100 days, members of the Tutsi ethnic group, as well as some moderate Hutu and Great Lakes Twa, Twa, were systematically killed by Hutu militias. While the Constitution of Rwanda, Rwandan Constitution states that over 1 million people were killed, most scholarly estimates suggest between 500,000 and 662,000 Tutsi died, mostly men. The genocide was marked by extreme violence, with victims often murdered by neighbors, and widespread sexual violence, with between 250,000 and 500,000 women raped. The genocide was rooted in long-standing ethnic tensions, exacerbated by the Rwandan Civil War, which began in 1990 when the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), a predominantly Tutsi rebel group, invaded Rwanda from Uganda. The war reached a tentative peace with the Arusha Accords (Rwanda), Arusha Accords in 1993. However, the Assassina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rwandan Patriotic Front
The Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF–Inkotanyi; , FPR) is the ruling political party in Rwanda. The RPF was founded in December 1987 by Rwandan Tutsi in exile in Uganda because of the ethnic violence that had occurred during the Rwandan Hutu Revolution in 1959–1962. In 1990, the RPF started the Rwandan Civil War in an attempt to overthrow the government, which was dominated by Hutu. Later on, the Rwandan genocide occurred that ended on 4 July with the RPF conquest of the entire country. The RPF have ruled the country since then as a one-party state, and its current leader, Paul Kagame, became the president of Rwanda in 2000, and remains in office. Since 1994, RPF rule has been characterized by political repression, relative stability, and economic growth. Among other policies implemented by the government are the non-recognition of ethnic identities and a wide-ranging prohibition on what the government calls " genocide ideology", including discussion of ethnic differences. Des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rwanda
Rwanda, officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of East Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa converge. Located a few degrees south of the Equator, Rwanda is bordered by Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. With a comparatively high elevation, Rwanda has been given the sobriquet "land of a thousand hills" (), with its geography dominated by mountains in the west and savanna to the southeast, with numerous lakes throughout the country. The climate is temperate to subtropical, with two rainy seasons and two dry seasons each year. It is the most densely populated mainland African country; among countries larger than 10,000 km2, it is the third-most densely populated country in the world. Its Capital city, capital and largest city is Kigali. Hunter-gatherers settled the territory in the Stone Age, Stone and Iron Ages, followed later by Bantu peoples. The population coalesce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faustin Ntezilyayo
Faustin Ntezilyayo (born 20 August 1962) is the former chief justice/president of the Supreme Court of Rwanda and president of the High Council of the Judiciary from 6 December 2019 to 3 December 2024 replacing Sam Rugege who ended his term in December 2019. Background and education Ntezilyayo was born on 20 August 1962 in the present-day Kamonyi District. He holds a Ph.D. in law from the University of Antwerp (Belgium), a Master of Laws (LLM) in fiscal law from Free University of Brussels (Belgium), a Master of Arts in international affairs (international trade policy), from Carleton University (Canada); and a Bachelor of Laws from the National University of Rwanda. Career Ntezilyayo started his career as a lecturer at the Faculty of Law of the National University of Rwanda in 1986. He has been a visiting scholar at Duke University School of Law (USA), 1999 (US); a visiting lecturer at the University of Ottawa (Canada), (2007–2008); and a consultant with the World Ban ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Court Of Rwanda
The Supreme Court of Rwanda is the highest court of Rwanda, as defined by Article 143 of the 2003 Constitution of Rwanda The Constitution of Rwanda was adopted by Rwandan constitutional referendum, 2003, referendum on May 26, 2003. It replaced the Constitution of 1991. The Constitution provides for a presidential system of government, with separation of powers be .... Article 144 of the Constitution determines that the Supreme Court is the highest jurisdiction in the country. Article 145 empowers the Supreme Court to coordinate and oversee the activities of the lower courts and tribunals, while ensuring judicial independence. Aloysie Cyanzayire was the first female president of the Supreme Court of Rwanda; she served an eight-year term from 2004 until 2012.House, Freedom (2008-09-05). Freedom in the World 2008: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 9780742565982. p.592.Kamatali, Jean-Marie. (2016). “Rwanda: Balancin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cabinet Of Rwanda
The Cabinet of Rwanda consists of the Prime Minister, Ministers, Ministers of State and other members nominated by the President. Members of Cabinet are selected from political organisations based on the number of seats they hold in the Chamber of Deputies, but members of Cabinet cannot themselves belong to the Chamber. Gender balance The cabinet in 2018 is 50% women making Rwanda, with Ethiopia, the only two African countries with gender equality in their governments. President Paul Kagame reduced the number of cabinet members from 31 to 26 in October 2018. Members of Cabinet Ministers of State References External linksOut goes the Old Guard: New faces and experience in Kagame’s governmentAs of 20 October 2018. {{Africa topic, Cabinet of , title=National cabinets of Africa Politics of Rwanda Government of Rwanda Rwanda Rwanda, officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of East Africa, where the African Great Lakes re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Édouard Ngirente
Édouard Ngirente (born 22 February 1973) is a Rwandan economist and politician. He serves as the Prime Minister of Rwanda, since 30 August 2017, having been appointed by the President of Rwanda, Paul Kagame. Background and education Édouard Ngirente was born in Rwanda on February 22, 1973. He holds a PhD in economics from the University of Louvain, Belgium (UCLouvain); a master's degree (MSc) in agricultural economics from UCLouvain, Belgium, a master's degree (MA) in financial risk management from ''Saint-Louis University, Brussels'' in Belgium; University certificate in statistics from UCLouvain; and a bachelor's degree in economics/international economics from the National University of Rwanda. Career Prior to his appointment, he occupied different positions: senior advisor to the World Bank Executive Director (2017); advisor to the World Bank Executive Director (from 2011 to 201 senior economic advisor to the Rwandan Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning; director ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of Rwanda
The prime minister of Rwanda is the head of government of the Republic of Rwanda. The prime minister is appointed by the List of presidents of Rwanda, president, along with other ministers in the Cabinet of Rwanda, Cabinet. A total of 11 people have served in the office. The incumbent prime minister is Édouard Ngirente, who took office on 30 August 2017. Prime Minister's Office The Prime Minister’s Office is entrusted with assisting the prime minister in the implementation of national policies. List of officeholders This lists the prime ministers of Rwanda since the formation of the post in 1961 (during the Rwandan Revolution), to the present day. ;Political parties ;Other factions Timeline See also * Politics of Rwanda * List of kings of Rwanda * List of presidents of Rwanda * Vice President of Rwanda * List of colonial governors of Ruanda-Urundi ** List of colonial residents of Rwanda Notes References External linksWorld Statesmen – Rwanda {{Pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
