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Russian Foreign Agent
The Russian foreign agent law requires any person or organization receiving any form of support from outside Russia or deemed to be under foreign influence to register as a "foreign agent". Unlike the United States Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA) which targets those specifically acting on behalf of and under control of foreign principals, the Russian law presumes foreign control from any foreign support, however minimal. While FARA applies mainly to professional lobbyists and political consultants working for foreign governments, the Russian legislation affects a broad range of civil society actors including NGOs, media organizations, journalists, and private individuals. First enacted in 2012 as a response to protests against Vladimir Putin's return to the presidency, the law has been progressively expanded through numerous amendments. The designation carries heavy administrative burdens including mandatory audits, detailed reporting requirements, and obligatory labeling o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foreign Agent
A foreign agent is any person or entity actively carrying out the interests of a foreign principal while located in another host country, generally outside the Diplomatic immunity, protections offered to those working in their official capacity for a diplomatic mission. Foreign agents may be citizenship, citizens of the host country. In contemporary English language, English, the term has a generally pejorative connotation, reinforced by its use in the US laws aimed to curb the foreign influence. A covert foreign agent, also known as a ''secret agent'' of a foreign government, may in some countries be presumed to be engaging in espionage. Legality Some countries have formal procedures to legalize the activities of foreign agents acting overtly. Laws covering foreign agents vary widely from country to country, and selective enforcement may prevail within countries, based on perceived national interest. United States In the United States, the Foreign Agents Registration Act (F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commissioner For Human Rights
The Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights is an independent and impartial non-judicial institution established in 1999 by the Strasbourg-based Council of Europe, to promote awareness of and respect for human rights in the council's 46 member states. The activities of Commissioner focus on three major, closely related areas: * country visits and dialogue with national authorities and civil society; * thematic studies and advice on systematic human rights work; * Consciousness raising, awareness-raising activities. The current Commissioner is Michael O'Flaherty, who began his six-year term on April 1, 2024. Prior Commissioners were Álvaro Gil-Robles, Thomas Hammarberg, Nils Muižnieks and Dunja Mijatović. Elected by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, the Commissioner seeks to engage in permanent dialogue with member states, continually raising awareness about human rights issues, and promoting the development of national human rights institution, nat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ekaterina Schulmann
Ekaterina Mikhailovna Schulmann (, ; ; born 19 August 1978) is a Russian political science, political scientist specializing in legislative processes. Schulmann has been a senior lecturer at Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, RANEPA from 2013 to 2022 and an associate professor at the Moscow School for the Social and Economic Sciences from 2021 to 2022. She is currently a fellow of the Robert Bosch Stiftung, Robert Bosch Academy Berlin, an associate fellow of Chatham House, a non-resident scholar at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center in Berlin, and an Visiting scholar, invited lecturer at the Institute for East European Studies of the Free University of Berlin. She works as a lecturer and political commentator, gives expert commentary to the media, and hosts her own political radio talk show. As of August 2022, her YouTube channel has one million subscribers. Biography Education and career Sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Science
Political science is the scientific study of politics. It is a social science dealing with systems of governance and Power (social and political), power, and the analysis of political activities, political philosophy, political thought, political behavior, and associated constitutions and laws. Specialists in the field are political scientists. History Origin Political science is a social science dealing with systems of governance and power, and the analysis of political activities, political institutions, political thought and behavior, and associated constitutions and laws. As a social science, contemporary political science started to take shape in the latter half of the 19th century and began to separate itself from political philosophy and history. Into the late 19th century, it was still uncommon for political science to be considered a distinct field from history. The term "political science" was not always distinguished from political philosophy, and the modern dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikhail Khodorkovsky
Mikhail Borisovich Khodorkovsky (, ; born 26 June 1963), sometimes known by his initials MBK, is an exiled Russian businessman, Russian oligarchs, oligarch, and Russian opposition, opposition activist, now residing in London. In 2003, Khodorkovsky was believed to be the wealthiest man in Russia, with a fortune estimated to be worth $15billion, and was ranked 16th on Forbes list of billionaires, ''Forbes'' list of billionaires. He had worked his way up the Komsomol apparatus, during the Soviet years, and started several businesses during the period of ''glasnost'' and ''perestroika'' in the late 1980s. In 1989, he became Chairman of the Board of Bank Menatep, which he founded. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, in the mid-1990s, he accumulated considerable wealth by obtaining control of a number of Siberian oil fields unified under the name Yukos, one of the major companies to emerge from the Privatization in Russia, privatization of state assets during the 1990s (a sche ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garry Kasparov
Garry Kimovich Kasparov (born Garik Kimovich Weinstein on 13 April 1963) is a Russian Grandmaster (chess), chess grandmaster, former World Chess Champion (1985–2000), political activist and writer. His peak FIDE chess Elo rating system, rating of 2851, achieved in 1999, was the highest recorded until being surpassed by Magnus Carlsen in 2013. From 1984 until his retirement from regular competitive chess in 2005, Kasparov was ranked the world's No. 1 player for a record 255 months overall. Kasparov also #Other records, holds records for the most consecutive professional tournament victories (15) and Chess Oscars (11). Kasparov became the youngest undisputed world champion in World Chess Championship 1985, 1985 at age 22 by defeating then-champion Anatoly Karpov, a record he held until 2024, when Gukesh Dommaraju won the title at age 18. He defended the title against Karpov three times, in World Chess Championship 1986, 1986, World Chess Championship 1987, 1987 and World Ches ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leonid Volkov (politician)
Leonid Mikhailovich Volkov (, ; born 10 November 1980) is a Russian politician who served as the chief of staff for opposition figure Alexei Navalny's Alexei Navalny 2018 presidential campaign, campaign for the 2018 Russian presidential election, 2018 presidential election. He was also the chairman of the Anti-Corruption Foundation until 2023. From 1 March 2009 to September 2013, he served as a deputy of the Yekaterinburg City Duma. He also served as the chairman of the Central Election Committee created for elections to the Russian Opposition Coordination Council, and was the head of the campaign office of Alexei Navalny's Alexei Navalny 2013 mayoral campaign, campaign in the 2013 Moscow mayoral election. He is one of the founders of the Russia of the Future party, originally known as the People's Alliance. He was a former chairman of the Sverdlovsk branch and a member of the Federal Political Council of the People's Freedom Party "For Russia without Lawlessness and Corruption", ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Politician
A politician is a person who participates in Public policy, policy-making processes, usually holding an elective position in government. Politicians represent the people, make decisions, and influence the formulation of public policy. The roles or duties that politicians must perform vary depending on the level of government they serve, whether Local government, local, national, or international. The ideological orientation that politicians adopt often stems from their previous experience, education, beliefs, the political parties they belong to, or public opinion. Politicians sometimes face many challenges and mistakes that may affect their credibility and ability to persuade. These mistakes include political corruption resulting from their misuse and exploitation of power to achieve their interests, which requires them to prioritize the public interest and develop long-term strategies. Challenges include how to keep up with the development of social media and confronting biase ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
OVD-Info
OVD-Info () is an independent Russian human rights media project aimed at combating political persecution. Its main focus is freedom of assembly. OVD-Info is one of Russia’s largest human rights NGOs. History OVD-Info was founded in December 2011 by Moscow journalist Grigory Okhotin and programmer Daniil Beilinson. They witnessed mass arrests of participants in the pro-democracy rally on December 5, 2011. Okhotin and Beilinson then posted the total number of detainees and their names on Facebook. The post went viral, and seeing the demand for their work, by December 10, on the eve of the rally on Bolotnaya Square in Moscow, Okhotin and Beilinson launched the OVD-Info website. The name of the project comes from the abbreviation Department of Internal Affairs (), which is what police departments are often called in Russia. "OVD-Info" thus means "information about the police". Since 1 February 2013, the main partner of the project is the Nobel-winning Memorial Human Rights Ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sakharov Prize
The Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought, commonly known as the Sakharov Prize, is an honorary award for individuals or groups who have dedicated their lives to the defence of human rights and freedom of thought. Named after Russian scientist and dissident Andrei Sakharov, the prize was established in December 1988 by the European Parliament. A shortlist of nominees is drawn up annually by the European Parliament's Committee on Foreign Affairs and Committee on Development. The MEPs who make up those committees then select a shortlist in September."Sakharov Prize 2018: three finalists selected", ''News—European Parliament'', 10 September 2018 . Thereafter, the final choice is give ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Golos (election Monitor)
The Movement for Defence of Voters' Rights "Golos" (), formerly GOLOS Association, is a Russian organisation established in 2000 to protect the electoral rights of citizens and to foster civil society. As of 2008, the organisation covers 40 Russian regions. It is the only election watchdog active in Russia that is independent of the Russian government. Founding GOLOS was founded as an association of non-profit organizations in 2000 to support civil monitoring of elections. Funding Michael McFaul, a Russian ambassador at the time, claimed in 2012 that Golos was funded by a US government agency. However, he didn't disclose details on for how long. Before being expelled from Russia in September 2012, USAID had been partly funding Golos. Activities Since 2002 GOLOS has monitored elections and referendums of all levels. The Telegraph describes GOLOS as being "one of the few organisations able to catalogue and publicise he Kremlin'sattempts at fraud and intimidation". The gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meduza
''Meduza'' (Russian: Медуза, named after the Greek goddess Medusa) is a Russian- and English-language independent news website, headquartered in Riga, Latvia. It was founded in 2014 by a group of former employees of the then-independent '' Lenta.ru'' news website. Free mobile applications for iOS, Windows Phone, and Android became the basis of the media. A semi-official motto of the portal is "Make the Kremlin sad". History In 2014, Galina Timchenko was fired from her job as chief editor at ''Lenta.ru'' by oligarch Alexander Mamut, a supporter of Vladimir Putin, after she had interviewed Right Sector leader Dmytro Yarosh. She launched the new webpage ''Meduza'' on 25 October 2014. Several former journalists of ''Lenta.ru'' joined the new online site. Timchenko told ''Forbes'' that the decision to base ''Meduza'' in Latvia was made since "right now, establishing an independent Russian language publishing house in Latvia is possible, while in Russia it is not". Mor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
