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Russian System Of Disaster Management
All-Russian Comprehensive System Information and Warning the Population in Crowded Places (; in acronym ОКСИОН) is Russia's complex system for monitoring, reporting and alerts. It was created in the framework of the Federal Target Program "Risk reduction and mitigation of natural and man-made disasters in the Russian Federation up to 2010". In May 2011, 596 OKSION terminal facilities in 37 data centers were built and put into operation. 2590 Plasmas and 1035 devices, such as "running line" were established. The whole complex is developed and managed by an entity called Integrated Emergency Warning Systems for the Population () known in acronym OOO KSEON (). The system is divided into components dealing with on-street public notification (PUON) and at points located on the premises (pions). They consist of a large plasma or LCD screens, cameras, sound-amplifying equipment, and equipment for radiation and chemical control (PRHK). The system includes mobile complexes for inf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Complex System
A complex system is a system composed of many components that may interact with one another. Examples of complex systems are Earth's global climate, organisms, the human brain, infrastructure such as power grid, transportation or communication systems, complex software and electronic systems, social and economic organizations (like cities), an ecosystem, a living Cell (biology), cell, and, ultimately, for some authors, the entire universe. The behavior of a complex system is intrinsically difficult to model due to the dependencies, competitions, relationships, and other types of interactions between their parts or between a given system and its environment. Systems that are "Complexity, complex" have distinct properties that arise from these relationships, such as Nonlinear system, nonlinearity, emergence, spontaneous order, Complex adaptive system, adaptation, and Feedback, feedback loops, among others. Because such systems appear in a wide variety of fields, the commonalities am ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Man-made Disaster
A disaster is an event that causes serious harm to people, buildings, economies, or the environment, and the affected community cannot handle it alone. ''Natural disasters'' like avalanches, floods, earthquakes, and wildfires are caused by natural hazards. ''Human-made disasters'' like oil spills, terrorist attacks and power outages are caused by people. Nowadays, it is hard to separate natural and human-made disasters because human actions can make natural disasters worse. Climate change also affects how often disasters due to extreme weather hazards happen. Disasters usually hit people in developing countries harder than people in wealthy countries. Over 95% of deaths from disasters happen in low-income countries, and those countries lose a lot more money compared to richer countries. For example, the damage from natural disasters is 20 times greater in developing countries than in industrialized countries. This is because low-income countries often do not have well-built b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emergency Communication System
An emergency communication system (ECS) is any system (typically computer-based) that is organized for the primary purpose of supporting one-way and two-way communication of emergency information between both individuals and groups of individuals. These systems are commonly designed to convey information over multiple types of devices, from signal lights to text messaging to live, streaming video, forming a unified communication system intended to optimize communications during emergencies. Contrary to emergency notification systems, which generally deliver emergency information in one direction, emergency communication systems are typically capable of both initiating and receiving information between multiple parties. These systems are often made up of both input devices, sensors, and output/communication devices. Therefore, the origination of information can occur from a variety of sources and locations, from which the system will disseminate that information to one or more targe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radiation
In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium. This includes: * ''electromagnetic radiation'' consisting of photons, such as radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, and Gamma ray, gamma radiation (γ) * ''particle radiation'' consisting of particles of non-zero rest energy, such as alpha radiation (α), beta radiation (β), proton radiation and neutron radiation * ''acoustics, acoustic radiation'', such as ultrasound, sound, and seismic waves, all dependent on a physical transmission medium * ''gravitational radiation'', in the form of gravitational waves, ripples in spacetime Radiation is often categorized as either ''ionizing radiation, ionizing'' or ''non-ionizing radiation, non-ionizing'' depending on the energy of the radiated particles. Ionizing radiation carries more than 10 electron volt, electron volts (eV), which is enough to ionize atoms and molecul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Emergency Situations (Russia)
The Ministry of Civil Defence, Emergencies and Disaster Relief (full name in Russian: Министерство Российской Федерации по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий (МЧС России), English: Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Elimination of the Consequences of Natural Disasters (Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia)), is a Russian government agency overseeing the civil emergency services in Russia. President Boris Yeltsin established EMERCOM on January 10, 1994, though the ministry can be traced back to December 27, 1990, when the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) established the Russian Rescue Corps and assigned it the mission of rapid response to emergencies. History The history of civil defence services in Russia traces to the years of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Defense In Russia
Civil defense in Russia is the system of measures to protect people and material assets in the Russian Federation in the event of hostilities, natural disasters or technological disasters, as well as the preparation of such measures. These measures include sheltering, evacuation, disguising facilities, first aid and basic residents. The procedure for organizing civil defense is enshrined in the federal laws ''On Civil Defense'' (1998), ''On Protection against Emergencies of Natural and Technogenic Character'' (1994) and ''On Emergency and Rescue Services'' (1995). History For the first time, civil defense events in Russia began to be held during the First World War. The advent of aviation and chemical weapons contributed to striking economic and infrastructure facilities located behind enemy lines. Often, the bombing of cities was carried out in order to intimidate and demoralize the population. Therefore, the military command of the army and authorities began to develop and carr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Search And Rescue In Russia
Search and Rescue in the Russian Federation () is coordinated by the service of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations and includes a set of control bodies, forces and means designed to solve problems in the prevention and response to emergency situations. The basis of the service is search and rescue units. History The modern system of search and rescue was created in accordance with the Order of the Government of Russia of July 28, 1992 No. 528 on the basis of tourist and mountaineering rescue services, points and centers. The Search and Rescue Service is a subordinate institution of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, and is intended to carry out search and rescue operations in emergency situations of a natural and man-made nature. Marine rescue In 1923, the Special Purpose Underwater Expedition (EPRON) was created in the Soviet Union. Until 1931, it was under the jurisdiction of the OGPU, in 1931 it was transferred to the NKPS, in 1936 - to the People's Commissaria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Tsunami Warning System
Russian tsunami warning system (), also known as Russian tsunami warning service (), is a tsunami warning system in the Russian Far East which is operated and maintained by the Geophysical Service of the Russian Academy of Sciences together with the Far Eastern Regional Research Hydrometeorological Institute (). It is subordinated to the Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring. The Russian tsunami warning system is known under the Russian acronym FP RSCHS-Tsunami (). History The Russian tsunami warning system development began in 1956 to 1959. This followed the tsunami and damage which occurred during the 1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake. After this, a government decree was issued for the organization of a tsunami warning service. Since 1956, the seismic part of the work was carried out by the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk seismic station. In 2003, following the creation of the Unified State System for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations (RSChS; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emergency Alert System
The Emergency Alert System (EAS) is a Emergency population warning, national warning system in the United States designed to allow authorized officials to broadcast emergency alerts and warning messages to the public via Cable television, cable, Satellite television, satellite and Terrestrial television, broadcast television and AM broadcasting, AM, FM broadcasting, FM and Satellite radio, satellite radio. Informally, ''Emergency Alert System'' is sometimes conflated with its mobile phone counterpart Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA), a different but related system. However, both the EAS and WEA, among other systems, are coordinated under the Integrated Public Alert and Warning System (IPAWS). The EAS, and more broadly IPAWS, allows federal, state, and local authorities to efficiently broadcast emergency alert and warning messages across multiple channels. The EAS became operational on January 1, 1997, after being approved by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in Novembe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emergency Management In Russia
An emergency is an urgent, unexpected, and usually dangerous situation that poses an immediate risk to health, life, property, or environment and requires immediate action. Most emergencies require urgent intervention to prevent a worsening of the situation, although in some situations, mitigation may not be possible and agencies may only be able to offer palliative care for the aftermath. While some emergencies are self-evident (such as a natural disaster that threatens many lives), many smaller incidents require that an observer (or affected party) decide whether it qualifies as an emergency. The precise definition of an emergency, the agencies involved and the procedures used, vary by jurisdiction, and this is usually set by the government, whose agencies (emergency services) are responsible for emergency planning and management. Defining an emergency An incident, to be an emergency, conforms to one or more of the following, if it: * Poses an immediate threat to life, he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Science And Technology In Russia
Science and technology in Russia have developed rapidly since the Age of Enlightenment, when Peter the Great founded the Russian Academy of Sciences and Saint Petersburg State University and polymath Mikhail Lomonosov founded the Moscow State University, establishing a strong native tradition in learning and innovation. In the 19th and 20th centuries, Russia produced many notable List of Russian scientists, scientists, making important contributions in physics, astronomy, mathematics, computer sciences, computing, chemistry, biology, geology and geography. Russian inventors and engineers excelled in such areas as electrical engineering, shipbuilding, aerospace, weaponry, communications, Information technology, IT, nuclear technology and space technology. The crisis of the 1990s led to the drastic reduction of state support for science and technology, leading many Russian scientists and university graduates to move to Western Europe or the United States. In the 2000s, on the wave o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
