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Russian Public Workers' Association
The Russian Public Workers' Association was a political group in Latvia during the inter-war period. Primarily representing Russian civil servants of the parishes and counties of Latvia, it was led by (''Leontin Spolianski'').Vincent E McHale (1983) ''Political parties of Europe'', Greenwood Press, p460 It was sometimes also known as ''zemci'' in Latvian (). History The party was initially known as the Union of Russian Officials or the Party for Communal Activities (). It won a single seat in the 2nd Saeima in the 1925 elections, and gained a seat in the 1928 elections The following elections occurred in the year 1928. Africa * 1928 Southern Rhodesian general election Asia * 1928 Japanese general election * 1928 Persian legislative election * 1928 Philippine House of Representatives elections * 1928 Philippine ..., by which time it had become the Russian Municipal Workers' Association (). The 1931 elections saw it reduced back to a single seat in the 4th Saeima. Refere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latvia
Latvia ( or ; lv, Latvija ; ltg, Latveja; liv, Leţmō), officially the Republic of Latvia ( lv, Latvijas Republika, links=no, ltg, Latvejas Republika, links=no, liv, Leţmō Vabāmō, links=no), is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is one of the Baltic states; and is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, Belarus to the southeast, and shares a maritime border with Sweden to the west. Latvia covers an area of , with a population of 1.9 million. The country has a temperate seasonal climate. Its capital and largest city is Riga. Latvians belong to the ethno-linguistic group of the Balts; and speak Latvian, one of the only two surviving Baltic languages. Russians are the most prominent minority in the country, at almost a quarter of the population. After centuries of Teutonic, Swedish, Polish-Lithuanian and Russian rule, which was mainly executed by the local Baltic German aristocracy, the independent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Service
The civil service is a collective term for a sector of government composed mainly of career civil servants hired on professional merit rather than appointed or elected, whose institutional tenure typically survives transitions of political leadership. A civil servant, also known as a public servant, is a person employed in the public sector by a government department or agency for public sector undertakings. Civil servants work for central and state governments, and answer to the government, not a political party. The extent of civil servants of a state as part of the "civil service" varies from country to country. In the United Kingdom (UK), for instance, only Crown (national government) employees are referred to as "civil servants" whereas employees of local authorities (counties, cities and similar administrations) are generally referred to as "local government civil service officers", who are considered public servants but not civil servants. Thus, in the UK, a civil servant i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Counties Of Latvia
The current administrative division of Latvia came into force on 1 July 2021. On 10 June 2020, the Saeima approved a municipal reform that would reduce the 110 municipalities and nine republic cities to 43 local government units consisting of 36 municipalities (''novadi'') and seven state cities (''valstspilsētas, plural''). On 1 June 2021, the Constitutional Court of Latvia ruled that the annexation of Varakļāni Municipality to Rēzekne Municipality was unconstitutional. In response, the Saeima decided to preserve the existence of Varakļāni Municipality as a 43rd local government unit. Previous municipal reforms after the restoration of Latvian independence were enacted in 2009 and 1990 (when parishes were restored). State cities with independent governments as of 2021 The 2020 law on administrative territories and populated areas designated Ogre and the previous nine republic cities as state cities. It also provided for the promotion of Iecava and Koknese to state ci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zemstvo
A ''zemstvo'' ( rus, земство, p=ˈzʲɛmstvə, plural ''zemstva'' – rus, земства) was an institution of local government set up during the great emancipation reform of 1861 carried out in Imperial Russia by Emperor Alexander II of Russia. Nikolay Milyutin elaborated the idea of the zemstva, and the first zemstvo laws went into effect in 1864. After the October Revolution the zemstvo system was shut down by the Bolsheviks and replaced with a multilevel system of workers' and peasants' councils (" soviets"). Structure The system of elected bodies of local self-government in the Russian Empire was represented at the lowest level by the mir and the volost and was continued, so far as the 34 Guberniyas (governorates) of old Russia were concerned, in the elective district and provincial assemblies (zemstvo). The goal of the zemstvo reform was the creation of local organs of self-government on an elected basis, possessing sufficient authority and independen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2nd Saeima
2nd Saeima was the parliament of Latvia from November 3, 1925, until November 5, 1928. The Social Democrat Pauls Kalniņš continued to hold the post of Speaker of the Saeima to which he was first elected during the 1st Saeima. 2nd Saeima gave confidence to the second cabinet of Kārlis Ulmanis (December 24, 1925 – May 6, 1926), cabinet of Arturs Alberings (May 7, 1926 – December 18, 1926), the firsts cabinet of Marģers Skujenieks (December 19, 1926 – January 23, 1928) and cabinet of Pēteris Juraševskis (January 24, 1928 – November 30, 1928). Elections and parties The 2nd Saeima elections were held on October 3–4, 1925, and 74,89% of eligible voters participated. Due to the liberal elections law, 27 parties and candidates lists were elected to the 100 seats, representing all the political and ethnic interest groups of Latvia. *Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party – 32 seats *Latvian Farmers' Union – 16 seats * Democratic Centre and Independents union - 5 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1925 Latvian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Latvia on 3 and 4 October 1925.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1122 The Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party remained the largest party, winning 32 of the 100 seats.Nohlen & Stöver, p1143 Electoral system For the elections the country was divided into five constituencies, electing a total of 97 MPs using proportional representation. The three remaining seats were awarded to the parties with the highest vote totals that had failed to win a seat in any of the five constituencies.Nohlen & Stöver, p1113 The list system used was made flexible, as voters were able to cross out candidates' names and replace them with names from other lists. However, only 26.03% of voters made any changes to the lists. To register a list for the election parties needed only collect 100 signatures.Nohlen & Stöver, p1105 A total of 141 lists were registered, although only 93 competed. Results References {{Latv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1928 Latvian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Latvia on 6 and 7 October 1928.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1122 The Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party remained the largest party, winning 25 of the 100 seats.Nohlen & Stöver, p1143 Electoral system For the elections the country was divided into five constituencies, electing a total of 100 MPs using proportional representation (an increase from 97), with the three seats that had previously been awarded to the parties with the highest vote totals that had failed to win a seat in any of the five constituencies were scrapped.Nohlen & Stöver, p1113 The list system used was made flexible, as voters were able to cross out candidates' names and replace them with names from other lists, a system 32% of voters took advantage of. Whilst previously parties needed only collect 100 signatures to register for an election,Nohlen & Stöver, p1105 the system was changed for this election, with a dep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1931 Latvian Parliamentary Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Latvia on 3 and 4 October 1931.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1122 The Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party remained the largest party, winning 21 of the 100 seats. They were the last elections held under the Constitution of Latvia before the 1934 coup d'état and the last competitive elections held under Latvian law until 1993. Electoral system For the elections the country was divided into five constituencies, electing a total of 100 MPs using proportional representation.Nohlen & Stöver, p1113 The list system used was made flexible, as voters were able to cross out candidates' names and replace them with names from other lists, a system 35% of voters took advantage of. Although 103 lists registered for the election, the number of competing lists dropped from 66 to 46.Nohlen & Stöver, p1105 Results References {{Latvian elections Latvia Parliamentary A parliamentary system, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4th Saeima
4th Saeima was the parliament of Latvia from 3 November 1931 until the 15 May 1934 Latvian coup d'état. It was the last democratically elected Saeima until the restoration of Latvia’s independence in 1991 and the 5th Saeima elections in 1993. Social Democrat Pauls Kalniņš continued to hold the post of Speaker of the Saeima to which he was first elected during the 1st Saeima. During November 1933 – May 1934 Saeima discussed proposed Constitutional changes, submitted by Kārlis Ulmanis and his Farmers’ Union, that would reduce number of MPs from 100 to 50, allow for the direct popular election of State President and increase his powers. 4th Saeima gave confidence to the 2nd cabinet of Marģers Skujenieks (6 December 1931 – 23 March 1933), cabinet of Ādolfs Bļodnieks (24 March 1933 – 16 March 1934) and the 4th cabinet of Kārlis Ulmanis (17 March 1934 – 15 May 1934). Elections and Parties 4th Saeima elections were held on 3–4 October 1931 and 80,04% of eligi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Defunct Political Parties In Latvia
{{Disambiguation ...
Defunct (no longer in use or active) may refer to: * ''Defunct'' (video game), 2014 * Zombie process or defunct process, in Unix-like operating systems See also * * :Former entities * End-of-life product * Obsolescence Obsolescence is the state of being which occurs when an object, service, or practice is no longer maintained or required even though it may still be in good working order. It usually happens when something that is more efficient or less risky r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
