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Russian Hussar
Hussars were first recorded in Russia as groups of irregulars in the mid-17th century. Under Peter I, this class of light cavalry began to serve as organized regiments on a semi-permanent basis in 1723 based on Serbian Hussars out of the Habsburg monarchy. Hussar regiments remained a conscious element of the Imperial Russian Army until the Revolution of 1917. History The hussar regiment was a formation (military unit, regiment) of the light cavalry of the Army of the Russian Kingdom and the Russian Imperial Army of the Armed Forces of the Kingdom and the Empire. The regiments of this type of weapon were intended for reconnaissance, raiding, sentry and liaison services. In the campaign, the subunits of the hussar regiment invariably were part of the vanguard and rearguard, hiding the movement of the main troops of the active formation, conducting reconnaissance of the enemy's actions. And in combat, fighting or battle, they were entrusted with pursuing the retreating (fleein ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Light Cavalry
Light cavalry comprised lightly armed and body armor, armored cavalry troops mounted on fast horses, as opposed to heavy cavalry, where the mounted riders (and sometimes the warhorses) were heavily armored. The purpose of light cavalry was primarily raid (military), raiding, reconnaissance, screening (tactical), screening, skirmishing, patrolling, and tactical communications. Prior to the 17th century they were usually armed with swords, spears, javelins, or bow and arrow, bows, and later on with Sabre, sabres, pistols, shotguns, or carbines. Light cavalry was used infrequently by Ancient Greece, Ancient Greeks (who used hippeis such as prodromoi or sarissophoroi) and Ancient Rome, Ancient Romans (who used auxiliaries (Roman military), auxiliaries such as Numidian cavalry, equites Numidarum or equites Maurorum), but were more common among the armies of Eastern Europe, North Africa, West Asia, Central Asia, and East Asia. The Arabs, Cossacks, Hungarian people, Hungarians, Hu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ruthenus
''Ruthenia'' is an exonym, originally used in Medieval Latin, as one of several terms for Kievan Rus', Rus'. Originally, the term ''Rus' land'' referred to a triangular area, which mainly corresponds to the tribe of Polans (eastern), Polans in Dnieper Ukraine. ''Ruthenia'' was used to refer to the East Slavs, East Slavic and Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox people of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland, and later the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Austria-Hungary, mainly to Ukrainians and sometimes Belarusians, corresponding to the territories of modern Belarus, Ukraine, Principality of Volhynia, Eastern Poland and some of western Russia. Historically, in a broader sense, the term was used to refer to all the territories under Kievan Rus', Kievan dominion (mostly East Slavs). The Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria (1772–1918), corresponding to parts of Western Ukraine, was referred to as ''Ruthenia'' and its people as ''Ruthenians''. As a result ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kremlin Armoury
The Kremlin ArmouryOfficially called the "Armoury Chamber" but also known as the cannon yard, the "Armoury Palace", the "Moscow Armoury", the "Armoury Museum", and the "Moscow Armoury Museum" but different from the Kremlin Arsenal. () is one of the oldest museums in Moscow. It is located in the Moscow Kremlin, and is a part of the Moscow Kremlin Museums, Moscow Kremlin Museum. The Kremlin Armory (military), Armoury originated as the royal arsenal in 1508. Until the transfer of the court to St Petersburg, the Armoury was in charge of producing, purchasing and storing weapons, jewelry and various household articles of the tsars. The finest Muscovite gunsmiths (the Vyatkin brothers), jewelers (Gavrila Ovdokimov), and painters (Simon Ushakov) used to work there. In 1640 and 1683, they opened the iconography and pictorial studios, where the lessons on painting and handicrafts could be given. In 1700, the Armoury was enriched with the treasures of the Golden and Silver chambers of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)
Armed conflicts between Poland (including the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland) and Russia (including the Soviet Union, the Russian Empire, the Tsardom of Russia and the Principality of Moscow) include: : : : *e.g. result unknown or indecisive/inconclusive, result of internal conflict inside Poland or Russia in which the other intervened, ''status quo ante bellum'', or a treaty or peace without a clear result. Piast Poland versus Kievan Rus' Crown of the Kingdom of Poland versus Principality of Moscow Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth versus Tsarist Russia Polish states and rebels versus Russian Empire Second Polish Republic versus Soviet Union See also * Hungarian Revolution of 1848 * Baikal Insurrection * War of the Fourth Coalition * Civil war in Poland (1704–1706) * War of the Polish Succession * Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953) * Polish October * Martial law in Poland * * List of wars and battl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Order Regiments
The New Order Regiments (; also known in literature as ''foreign formation regiments'') were professional military units formed in Tsardom of Russia, Russia in the 17th century, armed and trained in line with Western European armies. Background The first attempts at Western military training in Russia were made by Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky in 1609, during the De la Gardie campaign. In 1630, the Muscovite government began to hire mercenary officers in Sweden, the Netherlands, and Scotland to train a new, "foreign formation force" (''inozemskii stroi'') with new tactics. Six regiments of infantry (''soldaty''), a regiment of Reiter, heavy cavalry pistoleers ("reitary"), and a regiment of dragoons (''draguny'') were formed from Muscovite peasant militiamen, Cossacks, service class cavalrymen and free volunteers from various social categories. Unlike traditional formation troops, the new regiments were outfitted and salaried at treasury expense. Formation After the Smolensk War, most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1656
Events January–March * January 5 – The First War of Villmergen, a civil war in the Old Swiss Confederacy, Confederation of Switzerland pitting its Protestant and Roman Catholic Swiss canton, cantons against each other, breaks out but is resolved by March 7. The Lutheran cantons of the larger cities of Zurich, Bern and Schaffhausen battle against seven Catholic cantons of Lucerne, Schwyz, Uri, Zug, Baden Unterwalden (now Obwalden and Nidwalden) and St. Gallen. * January 17 – The Treaty of Königsberg (1656), Treaty of Königsberg is signed, establishing an alliance between Charles X Gustav of Sweden and Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg. * January 24 – The first Jewish doctor in the Thirteen Colonies of America, Jacob Lumbrozo, arrives in Maryland. * January 20 – Reinforced by soldiers dispatched by the Viceroy of Peru, Colonial Chile, Spanish Chilean troops defeat the indigenous Mapuche warriors in a battle at San Fabián de Conuco in w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pantler (Eastern Europe)
Stolnik (, , , , ) was a court office in Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine and Russia, responsible for serving the royal table, then an honorary court title and a district office. It approximately corresponds to English term "pantler". Stolnik in Crown of Poland In the Crown of Poland under the first Piast dukes and kings, this was a court office. From the 14th century, it was an honorary court title in the Kingdom of Poland, since the 16th century. * Grand Stolnik of the Crown () * Stolnik of the Crown () * Court Stolnik of the Crown () According to the 1768 district office hierarchy, the Stolnik's position in the Crown of Poland was superior to that of Deputy cup-bearer and inferior to that of district judge. Stolnik in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania In Lithuania, the Stolnik's position emerged in the late 15th century, comparatively later than Marshal, Treasurer, and Cup-bearer, with the first Grand Stolnik of Lithuania, , being known from 1475. Initially, the Stolnik took ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Florence
The Duchy of Florence () was an Italian principality that was centred on the city of Florence, in Tuscany, Italy. The duchy was founded after Pope Clement VII, himself a Medici, appointed his relative Alessandro de' Medici as Duke of the Florentine Republic, thereby transforming the Republic of Florence into a hereditary monarchy. The second Duke, Cosimo I, established a strong Florentine navy and expanded his territory, purchasing Elba and conquering Siena. In 1569, Pope Pius V declared Cosimo Grand Duke of Tuscany. The Medici ruled the Grand Duchy of Tuscany until 1737. Origins and constitution Florence had been under informal Medici control since 1434. During the War of the League of Cognac, the Florentines rebelled against the Medici, then represented by Ippolito de' Medici, and restored the freedom of their republic. Following the Republic's surrender in the Siege of Florence, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor issued a proclamation explicitly stating that he and he alone c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cosimo De' Medici
Cosimo di Giovanni de' Medici (27 September 1389 – 1 August 1464) was an Italian banker and politician who established the House of Medici, Medici family as effective rulers of Florence during much of the Italian Renaissance. His power derived from his wealth as a banker and intermarriage with other rich and powerful families. He was a patron of arts, learning, and architecture. He spent over 600,000 gold florins (approx. $500 million inflation adjusted) on art and culture, including Donatello, Donatello's ''David (Donatello, bronze), David'', the first freestanding Nude (art), nude male sculpture since antiquity. Despite his influence, his power was not absolute; he was viewed by fellow Florentine politicians as first among equals rather than an autocrat.Martines, Lauro (2011). ''The Social World of the Florentine Humanists, 1390–1460''. University of Toronto Press. p. 8. Florence's legislative councils resisted his proposals throughout his political career, even sending h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artillery
Artillery consists of ranged weapons that launch Ammunition, munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms. Early artillery development focused on the ability to breach defensive walls and fortifications during sieges, and led to heavy, fairly immobile siege engines. As technology improved, lighter, more mobile field artillery cannons were developed for battlefield use. This development continues today; modern self-propelled artillery vehicles are highly mobile weapons of great versatility generally providing the largest share of an army's total firepower. Originally, the word "artillery" referred to any group of soldiers primarily armed with some form of manufactured weapon or armour. Since the introduction of gunpowder and cannon, "artillery" has largely meant cannon, and in contemporary usage, usually refers to Shell (projectile), shell-firing Field gun, guns, howitzers, and Mortar (weapon), mortars (collectively called ''barrel artillery'', ''cannon artil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexis Of Russia
Alexei Mikhailovich (, ; – ), also known as Alexis, was Tsar of all Russia from 1645 until his death in 1676. He was the second Russian tsar from the House of Romanov. He was the first tsar to sign laws on his own authority and his council passed the ''Sobornoye Ulozheniye'' of 1649, which strengthened the bonds between autocracy and the lower nobility. In religious matters, he sided closely with Patriarch Nikon of Moscow, Patriarch Nikon during the Schism of the Russian Church, schism in the Russian Orthodox Church which saw unpopular liturgical reforms. While finding success in foreign affairs, his reign saw several wars with Russo-Persian War (1651–1653), Iran, Russo-Polish War (1654–1667), Poland (from whom left-bank Ukraine and Smolensk Voivodeship, Smolensk were annexed) and Russo-Swedish War (1656–1658), Sweden, as well as internal instabilities such as the Salt Riot in Moscow and the Cossack revolt of Stenka Razin in southern Russia. At the time of his death, R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tactical Formation
In military operation , military-style operations, a tactical formation (or tactical order) is the arrangement or deployment of movable military or policing forces such as Infantry tactics, infantry, cavalry tactics, cavalry, armoured fighting vehicle, AFVs, military aircraft, or navy, naval vessels. History Formations occur in tribal societies, such as the of the Māori people, Māori. Ancient Greek warfare , Ancient Greek and Military history of ancient Rome , Ancient Roman armies developed effective disciplined infantry formations. Ancient or medieval formations include shield walls (''skjaldborg'' in Old Norse), phalanxes (lines of battle in Close order formation, close order), testudo formations, and skirmisher, skirmish lines. A renewed emphasis on military formations came with the mass use of firearms in the European Military Revolution of the Early modern period. List of tactical formations Tactical formations include: * Forlorn hope * Formation flying * Bagua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
