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Rulers Of Tikal
This is a list of rulers of Tikal, a major Maya city-state during the Classic period. Located in the Maya Lowlands, Tikal is known to have had at least 33 rulers from the 1st through 9th centuries AD. Twenty-seven of these have been identified, as of 2008. Background The monarchy of Tikal is the oldest yet known in the Maya Lowlands, having been founded at the turn of the 1st century AD. The dynasty is last attested in the late 9th century, after a span of some 800 years and 33 rulers. Thorough excavations, first begun by the University of Pennsylvania, and later by the Guatemalan Institute of Archaeology, have uncovered troves of epigraphic data which Mayanists have employed to reconstruct Tikal's dynastic lineage. As of 2008, 27 rulers have been identified, including at least one woman. List The following is an annotated, chronological list of lords of Tikal. A tabular list is provided in the following section. Late Preclassic * Yax Ehb Xook – r. c. AD 60 or c. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ajaw
Ajaw or Ahau ('Lord') is a pre-Columbian Maya civilization, Maya political title attested from epigraphy, epigraphic inscriptions. It is also the name of the 20th day of the ''tzolkʼin'', the Maya divinatory calendar, on which a ruler's ''kʼatun''-ending rituals would fall. Background The word is known from several Mayan languages both those in pre-Columbian use (such as in Classic Maya language, Classic Maya), as well as in their contemporary descendant languages (in which there may be observed some slight variations). "Ajaw" is the modernised orthography in the standard revision of Mayan orthography, put forward in 1994 by the Guatemalan ''Academia de Lenguas Mayas'', and now widely adopted by Mayanist scholars. Before this standardisation, it was more commonly written as "Ahau", following the orthography of 16th-century Yucatec language, Yucatec Maya in Spanish transcriptions (now ''Yukatek'' in the modernised style). In the Maya hieroglyphics writing system, the represe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siyaj Kʼakʼ
Siyaj Kʼakʼ (alternative spelling: Siyah Kʼakʼ), also known as Fire is Born (formerly nicknamed "Smoking Frog"), was a prominent political figure mentioned in the glyphs of Classic Period () Maya civilization monuments, principally Tikal (which he conquered in January 378), as well as Uaxactun and the city of Copan. Epigraphers originally identified him by the nickname "Smoking Frog", a description of his name glyph, but later deciphered it as ''Siyaj Kʼakʼ'', meaning "Fire is born". He is believed by some to have been the general of the Teotihuacano ruler Spearthrower Owl. Overview Originally from Teotihuacan or very closely allied with that city, Siyaj Kʼakʼ was a warlord in the Maya heartland of the Petén (modern Guatemala) during the fourth century. In 378 and 379, he oversaw the replacing of the kings of important Maya states, such as Tikal, Uaxactun, and Copan with new rulers who claimed descent from Spearthrower Owl, possibly the ruler of Teotihuacan. As Fire is B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal Skull
Animal Skull,The ruler's name, when transcribed is K'INICH-? E'?'', translated "Radiant ?", Martin & Grube 2008, p.40. also known as Lizard Head, Animal Skull II and Ete II (before 562 – ), was an ''ajaw'' of the Maya city of Tikal Tikal (; ''Tik'al'' in modern Mayan orthography) is the ruin of an ancient city, which was likely to have been called Yax Mutal, found in a rainforest in Guatemala. It is one of the largest archaeological sites and urban centers of the Pre-Col .... He took the throne after 562, reigning until . He was a son of Fire Cross and Lady Hand Sky of Bahlam.Martin & Grube 2008, p.40. Notes Footnotes References * Year of death unknown Monarchs of Tikal 6th-century Maya people 6th-century monarchs in North America Year of birth unknown {{Mesoamerica-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wak Chan Kʼawiil
Wak Chan Kʼawiil,The ruler's name, when transcribed is WAK-CHAN KʼAWI꞉L YAX-E꞉B-XO꞉K? ʼINICH AJAWwa, Martin & Grube 2008, p.39. also known as Double Bird (January 508? – ), was an ''ajaw'' of the Maya city of Tikal. He took the throne on December 27, 537(?) and reigning probably until his death.These are the dates indicated on the Maya inscriptions in Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, Accession: 9.5.3.9.15 12 Men 18 Kʼankʼin, Martin & Grube 2008, p.39. He was son of Chak Tok Ichʼaak II Chak Tok Ichʼaak II,The ruler's name, when transcribed is CHAK-TOK-ICHʼA꞉K, translated "Great Misty? Claw", Martin & Grube 2008, p.37. also known as Jaguar Paw II and Jaguar Paw Skull (died 24 July 508), was an ''ajaw'' of the Maya city of Tik ... and Lady Hand. He sponsored accession of Yajaw Teʼ Kʼinich II, ruler of Caracol in 553. The monument associated with Wak Chan Kʼawiil is Stelae 17.Martin & Grube 2008, p.39. Notes Footnotes References * Date of birth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bird Claw
Bird Claw,The ruler's name, when transcribed is ?-TE'?, Martin & Grube 2008, p.38. also known as Animal Skull I and Ete I (fl. 6th century), was an ''ajaw'' of the Maya city of Tikal Tikal (; ''Tik'al'' in modern Mayan orthography) is the ruin of an ancient city, which was likely to have been called Yax Mutal, found in a rainforest in Guatemala. It is one of the largest archaeological sites and urban centers of the Pre-Col .... The monument associated with Bird Claw is Stelae 8. He carried a high-ranking name but no Tikal emblem.Martin & Grube 2008, p.39. Notes Footnotes References * Monarchs of Tikal 6th-century Maya people 6th-century monarchs in North America {{Mesoamerica-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaloomteʼ Bahlam
Kaloomteʼ Bahlam,The ruler's name, when transcribed is KALO꞉M Eʼ AHLAM'', Martin & Grube 2008, p.38. also known as Curl Head (died after ), was an ''ajaw'' or lord of the Maya city of Tikal Tikal (; ''Tik'al'' in modern Mayan orthography) is the ruin of an ancient city, which was likely to have been called Yax Mutal, found in a rainforest in Guatemala. It is one of the largest archaeological sites and urban centers of the Pre-Col .... He took the throne on .Martin & Grube 2008, p.38. He co-ruled with a Lady of Tikal. The monuments associated with Kaloomteʼ Bahlam are Stelae 10, 12 and 25. Notes Footnotes References * Date of birth unknown Date of death unknown Monarchs of Tikal 6th-century Maya people 6th-century monarchs in North America {{Mesoamerica-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spearthrower Owl
"Spearthrower Owl" (possibly ''Jatz'om Kuy'', translating to "Striker Owl") was a Mesoamerican person from the Mesoamerica#Early Classic, Early Classic period, who is identified in Maya script, Maya inscriptions and iconography. Mayanist David Stuart (Mayanist), David Stuart has suggested that Spearthrower Owl was a ruler of Teotihuacan at the start of the height of its influence across Mesoamerica in the 4th and 5th century, and that he was responsible for an intense period of Teotihuacan presence in the Maya area, including the conquest of Tikal in 378 CE. Name "Spearthrower Owl" is a name invented by archaeologists to describe the Teotihuacan-originated spear-thrower, atlatl-holding owl symbol, stylised as one or two Maya glyphs usually used to represent his name. One version of the ruler's name glyph shows a weapon (an atlatl or other type) combined with an owl sign. At Tikal, the name appears written once with phonetic elements, suggesting the Mayan version of the name is '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yikʼin Chan Kʼawiil
Yikʼin Chan KʼawiilThe ruler's name, when transcribed is ?-(ya)-CHAN-KʼAWI꞉L-la, translated "Kʼawiil that Darkens the Sky", Martin & Grube 2008, p.48. also known as Ruler B, Yaxkin Caan Chac and Sun Sky Rain, (before 734 – ?), was an ''ajaw'' of the Maya city of Tikal. He took the throne on 8 December 734.These are the dates indicated on the Maya inscriptions in Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, Accession: 9.15.3.6.8 3 Lamat 6 Pax, Martin & Grube 2008, p.48.Martin & Grube 2008, p.48. Biography Identified by Mayanist epigraphers as the 27th ruler in Tikal's dynastic succession, Yikʼin Chan Kʼawiil was one of Tikal's most successful and expansionary rulers, consolidating the political gains won by his father, Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil I. During his reign prolific building works were undertaken at Tikal, with a number of the site's significant still-standing structures commissioned or extended under his direction. Before advances in the decipherment of the Maya script revealed th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lady Lahan Unen Moʼ
Lady Lahan Unen Moʼ also known as Lady 12 Baby Macaws and Kalajuun Uneʼ Moʼ, was a Maya queen of Tikal as a wife of ''ajaw'' Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil I. She was the mother of ''ajaw'' Yikʼin Chan Kʼawiil. She died in . Tikal Temple II Tikal Temple II (or the Temple of the Masks, alternatively labelled by archaeologists as Tikal Structure 5D-2) is a Mesoamerican pyramid at the Maya archaeological site of Tikal in the Petén Department of northern Guatemala. The temple was built ..., the Temple of the Masks, was built for her. It has a single wooden sculpted lintel that bears the portrait of the queen.Sharer & Traxler 2006, p. 303.; Martin & Grube 2008, p. 46. Footnotes References * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Lady Lahan Unen Moʼ 704 deaths Lahan Unen Mo 8th-century queens consort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil I
Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil IThe ruler's name, when transcribed is ja-sa-wa CHAN-na-KʼAWI꞉L-la, translated "Kʼawiil that Clears? the Sky", Martin & Grube 2008, p.44. also known as Ruler A, Ah Cacao and Sky Rain (before 682–734), was an ''ajaw'' of the Maya city of Tikal. He took the throne on 3 May 682, and reigned until his death.These are the dates indicated on the Maya inscriptions in Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, Accession: 9.12.9.17.16 5 Kib 14 Sotzʼ, Martin & Grube 2008, p.44.Martin & Grube 2008, p.44. Biography Before advances in the decipherment of the Maya script revealed this reading of his name, this ruler was also known to researchers as Tikal Ruler A, Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil or by the nickname Ah Cacao. One of the most celebrated of Tikal's rulers, Jasaw Chan Kʼawiil's reign came at the end of a 130-year-long hiatus in Tikal's historical record, and his defeat of the rival Maya city of Calakmul in 695 is seen to represent a resurgence in the strength and influence of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caracol
Caracol is a large ancient Maya archaeological site, located in what is now the Cayo District of Belize. It is situated approximately south of Xunantunich, and the town of San Ignacio, and from the Macal River. It rests on the Vaca Plateau, at an elevation of above sea-level, in the foothills of the Maya Mountains.Arlen Chase and Diane Chase, 1987 Investigations at the Classic Maya City of Caracol, Belize: 1985–1987. Pre-Columbian Art Research Institute, San Francisco. Long thought to be a tertiary center, it is now known that the site was one of the most important regional political centers of the Maya Lowlands during the Classic Period. Caracol covered approximately ,Arlen Chase and Diane Chase 2009 Interpreting the Maya "Collapse": Continued Investigation of Residential Complexes in and near Caracol's Epicenter: 2009 Field Report of the Caracol Archaeological Project. http://caracol.org/reports/2009.php , accessed November 20, 2011 covering an area much larger than ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lady Of Tikal
Lady of Tikal,The ruler's name, when transcribed is IX-KALO꞉M EʼIX-?-KʼIN?, Martin & Grube 2008, p.38. also known as Woman of Tikal (1 September 504 – after ), was a queen regnant of the Mayan city of Tikal. She took the throne on 19 April 511 and reigned until about 527.These are the dates indicated in the Maya inscriptions in Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, Birth: 9.3.9.13.3 8 Akʼbal 11 Mol and Accession: 9.3.16.8.4 11 Kʼan 17 (Pop, Martin & Grube 2008, p.38).Martin & Grube 2008, p.38. Biography According to the inscription on Stela 23, the Lady of Tikal assumed a leadership role on 19 April 511, at the age of six, but did not rule on her own. Instead, she co-ruled with an individual named Kaloomteʼ Bahlam. She was possibly the daughter of Chak Tok Ichʼaak II. Lady of Tikal was depicted on Stela 23, which was broken and later re-erected incomplete. It is presumed that Stela 6 and Stela 12 also mention Lady of Tikal, but she is referred to by a different name. He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
