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Rubber-tired Metro
A rubber-tyred metro or rubber-tired metro is a form of rapid transit system that uses a mix of road and rail technology. The vehicles have wheels with rubber tires that run on a roll way inside guide bars for traction. Traditional, flanged steel wheels running on rail tracks provide guidance through switches and act as backup if tyres fail. Most rubber-tyred trains are purpose-built and designed for the system on which they operate. Guided buses are sometimes referred to as 'trams on tyres', and compared to rubber-tyred metros. History The first idea for rubber-tyred railway vehicles was the work of Scotsman Robert William Thomson, the original inventor of the pneumatic tyre. In his patent of 1846 he describes his 'Aerial Wheels' as being equally suitable for, "the ground or rail or track on which they run". The patent also included a drawing of such a railway, with the weight carried by pneumatic main wheels running on a flat board track and guidance provided by small hori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alejandro Goicoechea
Alejandro Goicoechea Omar (23 March 1895 - 30 January 1984) was a Spanish engineer. Biography Goicoechea was born on 1895. He worked for the remote coal narrow gauge railway of La Robla (León), the longest narrow gauge line in Western Europe which today is operated by FEVE, developing a welded steel carriage and various elements of suspension, brakes and traction. In 1936 he suggested a lightweight articulated meter gauge trainset which however was not approved by the management. Goicoechea authored the Iron Belt to protect Bilbao during the Spanish Civil War. But soon before finishing it he defected to the Nationalist side, and this was decisive in the Nationalists conquering Bilbao on June 12, 1937. In 1938, he described a train composed of articulated triangular structures with independent wheels, capable of commercial speeds. In 1941, a test unit composed of triangular chassis and truck wheels with carriage rims welded on was built and tested successfully up to behin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Château De Vincennes (Paris Métro)
The Château de Vincennes () is a former fortress and royal residence next to the town of Vincennes, on the eastern edge of Paris, alongside the Bois de Vincennes. It was largely built between 1361 and 1369, and was a preferred residence, after the Palais de la Cité, of French kings in the 14th to 16th century. It is particularly known for its "donjon" or keep, a fortified central tower, the tallest in Europe, built in the 14th century, and for the chapel, Sainte-Chapelle de Vincennes, begun in 1379 but not completed until 1552, which is an exceptional example of Flamboyant Gothic architecture. Because of its fortifications, the château was often used as a royal sanctuary in times of trouble, and later as a prison and military headquarters. The chapel was listed as an historic monument in 1853, and the keep was listed in 1913. Most of the building is now open to the public. History 12th–14th century – Louis VII to Saint Louis The first royal residence was created by an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris Métro Line 1
Paris Métro Line 1 (French language, French: ''Ligne 1 du métro de Paris'') is one of the sixteen lines of the Paris Métro. It connects in the northwest and in the southeast. With a length of , it constitutes an important east–west transportation route within the City of Paris. Excluding Réseau Express Régional (RER) commuter lines, it is the busiest line on the network with 181.2 million travellers in 2017 or 496,000 people per day on average. The line was the network's first to open, with its inaugural section entering service in 1900. It is also the network's first line to be converted from manually driven operation to fully automated operation. Conversion, which commenced in 2007 and was completed in 2011, included new rolling stock (MP 05) and laying of platform edge doors in all stations. The first eight MP 05 trains (501 through 508) went into passenger service on 3 November 2011, allowing the accelerated transfer of the existing MP 89 CC stock to Paris Métro Lin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grade (slope)
The grade (US) or gradient (UK) (also called stepth, slope, incline, mainfall, pitch or rise) of a physical feature, landform or constructed line is either the elevation angle of that surface to the horizontal plane, horizontal or its tangent. It is a special case of the slope, where zero indicates horizontal plane, horizontality. A larger number indicates higher or steeper degree of "tilt". Often slope is calculated as a ratio of "rise" to "run", or as a fraction ("rise over run") in which ''run'' is the horizontal distance (not the distance along the slope) and ''rise'' is the vertical distance. Slopes of existing physical features such as canyons and hillsides, bank (geography), stream and river banks, and stream bed, beds are often described as grades, but typically the word "grade" is used for human-made surfaces such as roads, landscape grading, roof pitches, rail tracks, railroads, aqueduct (watercourse), aqueducts, and pedestrian or bicycle routes. The grade may refer to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mairie Des Lilas (Paris Métro)
Mairie des Lilas () is a station of the Paris Métro in the commune of Les Lilas and was formerly the eastern Terminal train station, terminus of Paris Métro Line 11, Line 11. It is named after the town hall of Les Lilas. A small underground depot is located near the station to service the trains of Line 11. The station is sometimes believed to be the subject of the Serge Gainsbourg song "Le Poinçonneur des Lilas", about a Métro ticket inspector, although the promotional film for it was filmed at the . History The station opened as part of the extension of the line from on 17 February 1937. As part of the "Un métro + beau" programme by the RATP Group, RATP, the station's platform lighting was modernised during the course of the 2000s while the corridors were renovated 28 June 2018. As part of modernization works for the extension of the line to in 2023 for the Grand Paris Express, the station was closed from 26 June 2021 to 29 August 2021 to raise its platform levels, its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Châtelet (Paris Métro)
Châtelet or Chatelet may refer to: *Châtelet, a type of large gatehouse A gatehouse is a type of fortified gateway, an entry control point building, enclosing or accompanying a gateway for a town, religious house, castle, manor house, or other fortification building of importance. Gatehouses are typically the most ..., a fortified entry point of a castle Places Belgium * Châtelet, Belgium, a municipality in the province of Hainaut France * Grand Châtelet, a former stronghold with courts, police, and prisons on the site of the Place du Châtelet * Place du Châtelet, a public square in Paris, on the right bank of the Seine on the border of the 1st and 4th arrondissements * Théâtre du Châtelet, a theatre in Paris, on the Place du Châtelet * Châtelet (Paris Métro), a Metro station in Paris, located near the Place du Châtelet * Châtelet–Les Halles (Paris RER), the central commuter train station in Paris, attached to both the Châtelet and Les Halles met ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris Métro Line 11
Paris Métro Line 11 (French language, French: ''Ligne 11 du métro de Paris'') is one of the sixteen lines of the Paris Métro. It links to in the northeastern suburbs. This line was one of the last to be put into service in 1935; it was then intended to replace the Belleville funicular tramway, which closed in 1924. The line is 11.7 km (7.3 mi) in length with 19 stations. Before its 2024 extension, it was one of the least used lines, with less than forty million passengers in 2023. The RATP Group, RATP expects thirty-one million more in 2025, with this extension to four major municipalities in Seine-Saint-Denis. During the 1950s and 1960s, the line was an experimental line for innovations developed by the RATP. As such, in 1956, it was the first metro line in the world to be equipped with Rubber-tyred metro, rubber tyres; it was also equipped with a centralised control station and automatic train operation in 1967, which was used for the first time on the Paris network. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MP 51
The MP 51 (:fr:MP_51, fr) was the first rubber-tyred metro prototype operated by the RATP Group, Régie autonome des transports parisiens (English: ''Autonomous Parisian Transportation Administration'', ''RATP'') on the Paris Métro, Paris Metro system, starting in 1951. History The MP 51 was fitted with GoA 2 automatic train operation from the start. It ran with passengers from 13 April 1952 until 31 May 1956 and was used as a test bed for rubber-tyred metro technology and automatic train operation. Lack of funds prevented installation of automatic train operation on the rest of the Paris Metro until 1966, starting with Paris Métro Line 11, line 11. Paris Métro Line 14, Line 14, opened in 1998, was the first newly built Paris Métro to operate in GoA 4, and Paris Métro Line 1, Line 1 later also had its GoA 2 ATO system from 1972 replaced to a newer GoA 4 CBTC system. Operations The MP 51 operated a shuttle service on ''la Voie des Fêtes and the voie navette of the Pari ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Renault
Renault S.A., commonly referred to as Groupe Renault ( , , , also known as the Renault Group in English), is a French Multinational corporation, multinational Automotive industry, automobile manufacturer established in 1899. The company currently produces a range of cars and vans. It has manufactured trucks, tractors, tanks, buses/coaches, aircraft and aircraft engines, as well as autorail vehicles. Headquartered in Boulogne-Billancourt, near Paris, the Renault group is made up of the namesake Renault marque along with subsidiaries Automobiles Alpine, Alpine, Automobile Dacia, Dacia from Romania, and Mobilize (marque), Mobilize. It is part of Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance (previously Renault–Nissan Alliance) since 1999. The French state and Nissan each own a 15% share of the company. Renault also has other subsidiaries such as RCI Banque (automotive financing), Renault Retail Group (automotive distribution), and Motrio (automotive parts). Renault has various joint ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Michelin
Michelin ( , ), in full ("General Company of the Michelin Enterprises P.L.S."), is a French multinational tyre manufacturing company based in Clermont-Ferrand in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes '' région'' of France. It is the second largest tyre manufacturer in the world behind Bridgestone and larger than both Goodyear and Continental. In addition to the Michelin brand, it also owns the Kléber tyres company, Uniroyal-Goodrich Tire Company, SASCAR, Bookatable and Camso brands. Michelin is also notable for its Red and Green travel guides, its roadmaps, the Michelin stars that the Red Guide awards to restaurants for their cooking, and for its company mascot Bibendum, colloquially known as the Michelin Man, who is a humanoid consisting of tyres. Michelin's numerous inventions include the removable tyre, the pneurail (a tyre for rubber-tyred metros) and the radial tyre. Michelin manufactures tyres for Space Shuttles, aircraft, automobiles, heavy equipment, motorcycles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris Métro
The Paris Métro (, , or , ), short for Métropolitain (), is a rapid transit system serving the Paris metropolitan area in France. A symbol of the city, it is known for its density within the capital's territorial limits, uniform architecture and Paris Métro entrances by Hector Guimard, historical entrances influenced by Art Nouveau. The system is long, mostly underground. It has 321 stations of which 61 have transfers between lines. The Montmartre funicular is considered to be part of the metro system within which is represented by a 303rd fictive station, "Funiculaire".Statistiques Syndicat des transports d'Île-de-France rapport 2005' (in French) states 297 stations + Olympiades + Les Agnettes + Les Courtilles The Métro has sixteen lines (with an additional Grand Paris Express, four under construction), numbered 1 to 14, with two lines, Paris Métro Line 3bis, Line 3bis and Paris Métro Line 7bis, Line 7bis, named because they used to be part of Paris Métro Line 3, Lin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
