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Route Nationale 1
The Route nationale 1 is a trunk road (Route Nationale (France), nationale) in France between Paris and Calais. It is approximately long. Reclassification The majority of the original road has been superseded by the A16 autoroute. As a result, much of the road has now been reclassified the RD 1001, RD 901 and RD 940. Route Paris - Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis - Beauvais - Amiens - Abbeville - Boulogne-sur-Mer - Calais - Dunkerque - ''Belgium'' Paris to Amiens (0 km to 130 km) The road begins at the Porte de la Chapelle in Paris and runs below the A1 autoroute as the Boulevard de President Wilson north through the northern Paris suburbs to Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, Saint-Denis. The road heads through Saint Denis as the Avenue Lenine before heading north east. The road then heads to the east of Saint Brice Sous Foret, with the ''Foret Dominiale de Montmorency''. The road heads into the ''Foret Dominiale de L'Isle-Adam'' where the A16 autoroute starts, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Route Nationale (France)
A ''route nationale'', or simply ''nationale'', is a class of trunk road in France. They are important roads of national significance which cross broad portions of the French territory, in contrast to departmental or communal roads which serve more limited local areas. Their use is free, except when crossing certain structures subject to a toll. They are open to all vehicles, except on certain sections having motorway ('' autoroute'') or express road (''voie express'') status, both of these categories being reserved for motorized vehicles only. France at one time had some 30,500 km of ''routes nationales'' and publicly owned motorways, but this figure has decreased with the transfer of the responsibility for many routes to the '' départements'' so that by 2010 the total length of motorways and other national roads was around 21,100 km. By way of comparison, ''routes départementales'' in the same year covered a total distance of 378,000 km. The layout of the ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A28 Autoroute
Autoroute 28 is a French mainland motorway linking Abbeville in the Somme to Tours in Indre-et-Loire. The motorway starts at Abbeville, splitting from the A16 and, after merging with the A13 near Rouen, ends at Tours, merging with the A10. It is 405 km long. The motorway between Rouen and Tours was added to the ''Schéma Directeur Routier National'' in 1987. Between Abbeville and Rouen, the first part, the motorway was built by the Ministry of Public Works and Transport. This portion of the motorway, 97 km long, is toll-free. Between Rouen and Alençon, the second part, the motorway is operated by Alis (partly owned by Sanef) and is the first autoroute of France to have had offers by European companies following the withdrawal of the SAPN in 1998 despite its contract initiated in 1995. The second stretch of road, opened on 27 October 2005, is 125 km long and passes over two large viaducts; the Viaduc de la Risle and the Viaduc du Bec. The third and final s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aa (France)
The Aa (; ) is a river in northern France that is 93 km (58 miles) long. Originating near the village of Bourthes and emptying into the North Sea near Gravelines, the Aa is located near the north-eastern limit of the English Channel. The Aa has been canalized for most of its length and forms much of the border between the regions of Pas-de-Calais and Nord (département), Nord. Hydronymy The word "Aa" in Old Dutch means "water" (it still retains the name in modern Dutch and local West Flemish), and can be traced via Proto-Germanic back to its original Proto-Indo-European language, Indo-European form. The river is very well-known to crossword enthusiasts ("the first river in France"). The river is known in Neo-Latin, Modern Latin as ''Agnio'', but has been recorded in many forms in Medieval Latin, starting with ''Agnona'' in 648 AD. In local Picard language, Picard dialects, the Aa is traditionally called the ''Abbe''. Geography The river's geography is divided into two part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eurotunnel
Getlink, formerly Groupe Eurotunnel, is a European public company based in Paris that manages and operates the infrastructure of the Channel Tunnel between France and the United Kingdom, operates the LeShuttle railway service, and earns revenue on other trains that operate through the tunnel (Eurostar passenger and DB Schenker freight). Groupe Eurotunnel was established on 13 August 1986 to finance, build, and operate the Channel Tunnel under a concession granted by the French and British governments. The tunnel was constructed between 1988 and 1994 by TransManche Link (TML) under a contract issued by Groupe Eurotunnel; construction costs would overrun considerably, from TML's original estimate of £4.7 billion to the final cost of £9.5 billion. On 6 May 1994, the completed tunnel was officially opened. Its rail infrastructure comprises of double track railway in the main tunnels, plus extensive surface-level terminal facilities at Folkestone in England and Cala ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reims
Reims ( ; ; also spelled Rheims in English) is the most populous city in the French Departments of France, department of Marne (department), Marne, and the List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, 12th most populous city in France. The city lies northeast of Paris on the Vesle river, a tributary of the Aisne (river), Aisne. Founded by the Gauls, Reims became a major city in the Roman Empire. Reims later played a prominent ceremonial role in history of France, French monarchical history as the traditional site of the coronation of the kings of France. The royal anointing was performed at the Cathedral of Reims, which housed the Holy Ampulla of chrism allegedly brought by a white dove at the baptism of Frankish king Clovis I in 496. For this reason, Reims is often referred to in French as ("the Coronation City"). Reims is recognized for the diversity of its heritage, ranging from Romanesque architecture, Romanesque to Art Deco, Art-déco. Reims Cathedral, the ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lille
Lille (, ; ; ; ; ) is a city in the northern part of France, within French Flanders. Positioned along the Deûle river, near France's border with Belgium, it is the capital of the Hauts-de-France Regions of France, region, the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Nord (French department), Nord Departments of France, department, and the main city of the Métropole Européenne de Lille, European Metropolis of Lille. The city of Lille proper had a population of 236,234 in 2020 within its small municipal territory of , but together with its French suburbs and exurbs the Lille metropolitan area (French part only), which extends over , had a population of 1,515,061 that same year (January 2020 census), the fourth most populated in France after Paris, Lyon, and Marseille. The city of Lille and 94 suburban French municipalities have formed since 2015 the Métropole Européenne de Lille, European Metropolis of Lille, an Indirect election, indirectly elected Métropole, metropolitan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
A26 Autoroute
The A26 is a long France, French motorway connecting Calais and Troyes. It is also known as the Autoroute des Anglais (''Motorway of the English'') as its length forms the first part of the main route from the Dover-Calais ferries and the Channel Tunnel towards Southern and Eastern France and the Cote d'Azur. The motorway is used by a high proportion of United Kingdom, British cars, particularly during the summer holiday season. The A26 between Calais and Arras (in conjunction with the A1 autoroute) is part of one of the two main routes between London and Paris, the other being the A16 autoroute, A16. The road forms part of European route European route E15, E-15 and European route E17, E-17. South of its junction with the A29 autoroute the A26 is part of the Grand contournement de Paris. History of the A26 The A26 was conceived in the 1960s as an upgrade to the "Grand Itineraire" Calais-Vitry-le-François which followed mostly the N44 road. The first part of the motorway ope ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferry
A ferry is a boat or ship that transports passengers, and occasionally vehicles and cargo, across a body of water. A small passenger ferry with multiple stops, like those in Venice, Italy, is sometimes referred to as a water taxi or water bus. Ferries form a part of the public transport systems of many waterside cities and islands, allowing direct transit between points at a capital cost much lower than bridges or tunnels. Ship connections of much larger distances (such as over long distances in water bodies like the Baltic Sea) may also be called ferry services, and many carry vehicles. History The profession of the ferryman is embodied in Greek mythology in Charon, the boatman who transported souls across the River Styx to the Underworld. Speculation that a pair of oxen propelled a ship having a water wheel can be found in 4th century Roman literature "''Anonymus De Rebus Bellicis''". Though impractical, there is no reason why it could not work and such a ferry, mod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cap Gris-Nez
Cap Gris-Nez is a cape located in Audinghen, a commune in the Pas-de-Calais département of northern France. Part of the Côte d'Opale, it is classified as a protected natural area. Its cliffs mark the closest point of France to Great Britain, separated by just . Etymology The name "Gris-Nez" translates to "grey nose" in French referencing the grey-coloured cliffs of the cape. The Dutch name, "Swartenesse" ("black cape"), distinguished it from "Blankenesse" ("white cape"), now known as Cap Blanc-Nez to the northeast. The suffix "-nesse" or "-nez" is cognate with the English "-ness," signifying a headland, as seen in Dungeness and Sheerness. Geology The cliffs of Cap Gris-Nez are composed of sandstone, clay, and chalk, primarily grey in colour. The area is a site for fossil hunting, with most fossils originating from the Jurassic period. These include bivalves, gastropods, and fossilised wood. Rare finds, such as large ammonites, as well as fish and reptile teeth, are occasio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
English Channel
The English Channel, also known as the Channel, is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates Southern England from northern France. It links to the southern part of the North Sea by the Strait of Dover at its northeastern end. It is the busiest Sea lane, shipping area in the world. It is about long and varies in width from at its widest to at its narrowest in the Strait of Dover."English Channel". ''The Columbia Encyclopedia'', 2004. It is the smallest of the shallow seas around the continental shelf of Europe, covering an area of some . The Channel aided the United Kingdom in becoming a naval superpower, serving as a natural defence against invasions, such as in the Napoleonic Wars and in the World War II, Second World War. The northern, English coast of the Channel is more populous than the southern, French coast. The major languages spoken in this region are English language, English and French language, French. Names Roman historiography, Roman sources as (or , ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Montreuil, Pas-de-Calais
Montreuil-sur-Mer (; or ; ), Montreuil-on-the-Sea, is a subprefecture in the Pas-de-Calais Department in northern France. Though commonly called by this name since at least the twelfth century, it was legally known as Montreuil until 31 December 2022. It is located on the Canche river, not far from Étaples. The sea, however, is now some distance away. Montreuil-sur-Mer station has rail connections to Arras and Étaples. History Montreuil-sur-Mer is surrounded by notable brickwork ramparts, constructed after the destruction of the town by troops of Habsburg emperor Charles V in June 1537. These fortifications pre-date the extensive fortification of towns in northern France by Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban in the 17th century. Montreuil-sur-Mer was the headquarters of the British Army in France during the First World War from March 1916 until it closed in April 1919. The military academy there provided excellent facilities for GHQ. Montreuil-sur-Mer was chosen as GHQ fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chalk
Chalk is a soft, white, porous, sedimentary carbonate rock. It is a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite and originally formed deep under the sea by the compression of microscopic plankton that had settled to the sea floor. Chalk is common throughout Western Europe, where deposits underlie parts of France, and steep cliffs are often seen where they meet the sea in places such as the Dover cliffs on the Kent coast of the English Channel. Chalk is mined for use in industry, such as for quicklime, bricks and builder's putty, and in agriculture, for raising pH in soils with high acidity. It is also used for " blackboard chalk" for writing and drawing on various types of surfaces, although these can also be manufactured from other carbonate-based minerals, or gypsum. Description Chalk is a fine-textured, earthy type of limestone distinguished by its light colour, softness, and high porosity. It is composed mostly of tiny fragments of the calcite shells or sk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
