|
Rouen Porcelain
Rouen porcelain is soft-paste porcelain made in the city of Rouen, Normandy, France, during a brief period from about 1673 to 1696. It was the earliest French porcelain, but was probably never made on a commercial basis; only nine pieces are now thought to survive. Rouen had been a centre for the production of Rouen faience (Tin-glazed pottery, tin-glazed earthenware pottery), since at least the 1540s. Louis Poterat, the owner of the porcelain factory, came from the leading family of faience producers in the city at the time, and continued his faience production in another factory.Munger & Sullivan, 135 History In 1644 Nicolas Poirel, ''sieur'' (lord) of Grandval, obtained a fifty-year royal monopoly over the production of faience in Rouen. By 1647 a factory owned by Edme Poterat (1612–87), who was probably an experienced potter, was producing faience, by arrangement with Poirel. Louis Poterat, eldest son of Edme, was granted a monopoly in 1673 for the making of porcelain in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soft-paste Porcelain
Soft-paste porcelain (sometimes simply "soft paste", or "artificial porcelain") is a type of ceramic material in pottery, usually accepted as a type of porcelain. It is weaker than "true" hard-paste porcelain, and does not require either its high firing temperatures or special mineral ingredients. There are many types, using a range of materials. The material originated in the attempts by many European potters to replicate hard-paste Chinese export porcelain, especially in the 18th century, and the best versions match hard-paste in whiteness and translucency, but not in strength. But the look and feel of the material can be highly attractive, and it can take painted decoration very well. The ingredients varied considerably, but always included clay, often ball clay, and often ground glass, bone ash, soapstone (steatite), flint, and quartz. They rarely included the key ingredients necessary for hard-paste, china clay including kaolin, or the English china stone, although some manu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potpourri Jar MET DP156491 (cropped)
Potpourri ( ) is a mixture of dried, naturally fragrant plant materials used to provide a gentle natural scent, commonly in residential settings. It is often placed in a decorative bowl. Etymology The word "potpourri" comes into English from the French word . The French term has two connotations. It is the French name for a Spanish stew with a wide variety of ingredients called , a specialty of the city of Burgos. The word in French has the same meaning as it does in English (and as does in Spanish), while the word , like Spanish , means "rotten". "Potpourri" is sometimes used as an alternative for "medley". History Potpourri has been used in rooms since ancient times, in a variety of ways, including just scattering it on the floor. In early 17th-century France, fresh herbs and flowers were gathered—beginning in spring and continuing throughout the summer. The herbs were left for a day or two to become limp, then layered with coarse sea salt. The aging mixture was sti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Art Journal
''The Art Journal'' was the most important British 19th-century magazine on art. It was founded in 1839 by Hodgson & Graves, print publishers, 6 Pall Mall, with the title ''Art Union Monthly Journal'' (or ''The Art Union''), the first issue of 750 copies appearing 15 February 1839. It was published in London but its readership was global in reach. History Hodgson & Graves hired Samuel Carter Hall as editor of ''Art Union Monthly Journal'', assisted by James Dafforne. Hall soon became the principal proprietor, but he was unable to turn a profit on his own. The London publisher George Virtue bought a share of the business in 1848, with Hall remaining as editor, and they renamed the periodical ''The Art Journal'' in 1849. In 1851, as part of the "Great Exhibition" of that year, ''The Art Journal'' featured Hall's engravings of 150 pictures from the private collections of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Although this project was popular, the publication remained unprofitable, f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Chaffers
William Chaffers (28 September 1811 – 12 April 1892) was an English antiquary and writer of reference works on hallmarks, and marks on ceramics. His ''Marks and Monograms on Pottery and Porcelain'', first published in 1863, has appeared in many later editions. Life Chaffers was the son of William Chaffers and wife Sarah, and was born in Watling Street, London, in 1811; he was descended from a brother of Richard Chaffers (1731–1765), a manufacturer of Liverpool porcelain. He was educated at Margate and at Merchant Taylors' School, where he was entered in 1824. He was attracted to antiquarian studies while a clerk in the city of London, by the discovery of Roman and medieval antiquities in the foundations of the Royal Exchange during 1838–9. At the same time he began to concentrate attention upon the study of gold and silver plate and ceramics, especially in regard to the official and other marks by which dates and places of fabrication can be distinguished. In 1863 Chaffe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Battie
David Battie FRSA (born 22 October 1942) is a British retired expert on ceramics, specialising in Japanese and Chinese artefacts. Career After attending art school, where he studied graphic design, Battie worked for ''Reader's Digest'' magazine for three years. In 1965, he joined the auction house Sotheby's. He worked in the Departments of Ceramics and Oriental Works of Art and was appointed a director in 1976. He retired from Sotheby's in 1999. After leaving Sotheby's, he became editor of ''Masterpiece'' magazine and has written many books on pottery and porcelain. He also undertakes public speaking. He is probably best known for his many appearances on the long-running BBC television programme ''Antiques Roadshow'', in which he appeared for 43 years, from the first series in 1977 until his retirement in 2020. Personal life David Battie married Sarah Francis, a glass expert from Sotheby's, in 1972. The couple have two daughters. In 2012 Battie broke his leg in a fall. Whil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sèvres Porcelain
Sèvres (, ) is a French Communes of France, commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris. It is located from the Kilometre zero, centre of Paris, in the Hauts-de-Seine department of the Île-de-France region. The commune, which had a population of 23,251 as of 2018, is known for its famous porcelain production at the ''Manufacture nationale de Sèvres'', which was also where the Treaty of Sèvres (1920) was signed. Geography Situation Sèvres is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, to the southwest of the centre of Paris, with an eastern edge by the river Seine. The commune borders Île Seguin, an island in the Seine, in the commune of Boulogne-Billancourt, adjoining Sèvres. File:Map commune FR insee code 92072.png, Map of the commune File:Sèvres map.svg, View of the commune of Sèvres in red on the map of Paris and the "Petite Couronne" File:SEVRES - L'Embarcadaire.jpg, Banks of the Seine in the early 20th century. At that time, the river was an important transpor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis XIV's East India Company
Louis XIV's East India Company () was a joint-stock company founded in the Kingdom of France in August 1664 to engage in trade in India and other Asian lands, complementing the French West India Company () created three months before. It was one of several successive enterprises with similar names, a sequence started with Henry IV's first French East Indies Company in 1604 and continued with Cardinal Richelieu's Compagnie d'Orient in 1642. Planned by Jean-Baptiste Colbert to compete with the English East India Company and Dutch East India Company, it was chartered by King Louis XIV for the purpose of trading in the Eastern Hemisphere. Louis XIV's company became insolvent and was reorganized in 1685, and was again bankrupt in 1706. In 1719, what remained of it was acquired by John Law's Company, which in 1723 became the French Indies Company active during much of the 18th century. Background The seventeenth century saw several French efforts to trade with the East Indies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pot Pourri
Potpourri ( ) is a mixture of dried, naturally fragrant plant materials used to provide a gentle natural scent, commonly in residential settings. It is often placed in a decorative bowl. Etymology The word "potpourri" comes into English from the French word . The French term has two connotations. It is the French name for a Spanish stew with a wide variety of ingredients called , a specialty of the city of Burgos. The word in French has the same meaning as it does in English (and as does in Spanish), while the word , like Spanish , means "rotten". "Potpourri" is sometimes used as an alternative for "medley". History Potpourri has been used in rooms since ancient times, in a variety of ways, including just scattering it on the floor. In early 17th-century France, fresh herbs and flowers were gathered—beginning in spring and continuing throughout the summer. The herbs were left for a day or two to become limp, then layered with coarse sea salt. The aging mixture was sti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cobalt Blue
Cobalt blue is a blue pigment made by sintering cobalt(II) oxide with aluminium(III) oxide (alumina) at 1200 °C. Chemically, cobalt blue pigment is cobalt(II) oxide-aluminium oxide, or cobalt(II) aluminate, CoAl2O4. Cobalt blue is lighter and less intense than the (iron-cyanide based) pigment Prussian blue. It is extremely stable, and has historically been used as a coloring agent in ceramics (especially Chinese porcelain), jewelry, and paint. Transparent glasses are tinted with the silica-based cobalt pigment "smalt". Historical uses and production Ores containing cobalt have been used since antiquity as pigments to give a blue color to porcelain and glass. Cobalt blue in impure forms had long been used in Chinese porcelain. In 1742, Swedish chemist Georg Brandt showed that the blue color was due to a previously unidentified metal, cobalt. The first recorded use of ''cobalt blue'' as a color name in English was in 1777. It was independently discovered as an alumina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blue And White Porcelain
"Blue and white pottery" () covers a wide range of white pottery and porcelain decorated underglaze, under the glaze with a blue pigment, generally cobalt(II) oxide, cobalt oxide. The decoration was commonly applied by hand, originally by brush painting, but nowadays by stencilling or by transfer-printing, though other methods of application have also been used. The cobalt pigment is one of the very few that can withstand the highest firing temperatures that are required, in particular for porcelain, which partly accounts for its long-lasting popularity. Historically, many other colours required overglaze decoration and then a second firing at a lower temperature to fix that. The origin of the blue glazes is thought to lie in Iraq, when craftsmen in Basra sought to imitate imported white Chinese stoneware with their own tin-glazed, white pottery and added decorative motifs in blue glazes. Such Abbasid Caliphate, Abbasid-era pieces have been found in present-day Iraq dating to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sèvres – Cité De La Céramique
Sèvres – Cité de la céramique (Sèvres City of Ceramics) is a French national ceramics museum located at the Place de la Manufacture, Sèvres, Hauts-de-Seine, a suburb of Paris, France. It was created in January 2010, from the merger of the Musée national de Céramique-Sèvres and the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres. The museum is open daily except Tuesday; an admission fee is charged. Access to the museum by public transportation is available from Tramway d'Île-de-France (''Trans Val-de-Seine'') station Musée de Sèvres on Tramway T2, and by Paris Métro station Pont de Sèvres on Line 9. History The museum was inaugurated in 1824 by Alexandre Brongniart, director of the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres, becoming the first museum dedicated to fine ceramic arts in the world. Denis-Desire Riocreux, a renowned painter at the manufacture became the director with a goal of collecting and studying fine ceramics from all over the world. Brongniart published his treatise on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saint-Cloud Porcelain
Saint-Cloud porcelain was a type of soft-paste porcelain produced in the French town of Saint-Cloud from the late 17th to the mid 18th century. Foundation In 1702, Philippe I, Duke of Orléans gave letters-patent to the family of Pierre Chicaneau, who were said to have been making porcelain as "perfect as the Chinese" since 1693. Chicaneau's factory was a pioneer in the manufacture of porcelain in Europe, where there had been many attempts to copy Chinese porcelain. Saint-Cloud developed a frit ("a mixture of a flux, sand and chalk") which was close, although not similar, to Asian porcelain. Blue-and-white porcelain The porcelain produced in Saint-Cloud was influenced by late Ming blue and white porcelain and its motifs were based on Chinese originals. The typical underglaze blue painted Saint-Cloud porcelain, says W.B. Honey, "is one of the most distinct and attractive of porcelains, and not the least part of its charm lies in the quality of the material itself. It is rarely ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
