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Rogers V. American Airlines (1981)
''Rogers v. American Airlines'' was a 1981 legal case decided by the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York involving plaintiff Renee Rogers, a Black woman who brought charges against her employer, American Airlines, for both sex and race discrimination after she was dissuaded from wearing her hair in cornrows due to the airline's employee grooming policy. Rogers believed that this hair policy was a violation of her Title VII rights. Background Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Civil Rights Act prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Title VII as it stands does not provide explicit protection for Black women’s protective or non-afro hairstyles, including cornrows. However, regardless of an individual's hair texture (curly, straight, coiled, wavy, etc.), natural or otherwise unchangeable hair has been considered by some courts to fall under Title VII protections. In 1981, American ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fine Braids, Dimma (13307706094)
Fine may refer to: Characters * Sylvia Fine (The Nanny), Sylvia Fine (''The Nanny''), Fran's mother on ''The Nanny'' * Officer Fine, a character in ''Tales from the Crypt'', played by Vincent Spano Legal terms * Fine (penalty), money to be paid as punishment for an offence * Fine on alienation, a sum of money paid to a feudal lord when a tenant had occasion to make over his land to another * Fine of lands, an obsolete type of land conveyance to a new owner * Fine, a dated term for a Lease#Leases_of_land, premium on a lease of land Music * Fine (band), a late 1990s American band * Fine (album), ''Fine'' (album), a 1994 album by Snailhouse * Fine (Taeyeon song), "Fine" (Taeyeon song), 2017 * Fine (Whitney Houston song), "Fine" (Whitney Houston song), 2000 * "F.I.N.E.*", a 1993 song by Aerosmith * "Fine", a song by James from the 2001 album ''Pleased to Meet You (James album), Pleased to Meet You'' * "Fine", a song by Kylie Minogue from the 2014 album ''Kiss Me Once'' * "Fine", a son ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is a federal agency that was established via the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to administer and enforce civil rights laws against workplace discrimination. The EEOC investigates discrimination complaints based on an individual's race, color, national origin, religion, sex (including sexual orientation, pregnancy, and gender identity), age, disability, genetic information, and retaliation for participating in a discrimination complaint proceeding and/or opposing a discriminatory practice. The commission also mediates and settles thousands of discrimination complaints each year prior to their investigation. The EEOC is also empowered to file civil discrimination suits against employers on behalf of alleged victims and to adjudicate claims of discrimination brought against federal agencies. Since 2021, the chair of the EEOC is Charlotte Burrows. Process and enforcement Authority The EEOC has the authority to investigate an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Employment Discrimination Case Law
United may refer to: Places * United, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community * United, West Virginia, an unincorporated community Arts and entertainment Films * ''United'' (2003 film), a Norwegian film * ''United'' (2011 film), a BBC Two film Literature * ''United!'' (novel), a 1973 children's novel by Michael Hardcastle Music * United (band), Japanese thrash metal band formed in 1981 Albums * ''United'' (Commodores album), 1986 * ''United'' (Dream Evil album), 2006 * ''United'' (Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell album), 1967 * ''United'' (Marian Gold album), 1996 * ''United'' (Phoenix album), 2000 * ''United'' (Woody Shaw album), 1981 Songs * "United" (Judas Priest song), 1980 * "United" (Prince Ital Joe and Marky Mark song), 1994 * "United" (Robbie Williams song), 2000 * "United", a song by Danish duo Nik & Jay featuring Lisa Rowe Television * ''United'' (TV series), a 1990 BBC Two documentary series * ''United!'', a soap opera that aired on BBC One from 1965 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republican Party (United States)
The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP ("Grand Old Party"), is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States. The GOP was founded in 1854 by anti-slavery activists who opposed the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which allowed for the potential expansion of chattel slavery into the western territories. Since Ronald Reagan's presidency in the 1980s, conservatism has been the dominant ideology of the GOP. It has been the main political rival of the Democratic Party since the mid-1850s. The Republican Party's intellectual predecessor is considered to be Northern members of the Whig Party, with Republican presidents Abraham Lincoln, Rutherford B. Hayes, Chester A. Arthur, and Benjamin Harrison all being Whigs before switching to the party, from which they were elected. The collapse of the Whigs, which had previously been one of the two major parties in the country, strengthened the party's electoral success. Upon its founding, it supported cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protective Hairstyle
A protective hairstyle (a term generally used with reference to Afro-textured hair) is a hairstyle that keeps the hair tucked away with minimum manipulation from the weather. Both cold and hot weather can pose as a threat to healthy hair with frigid air, humidity and water damage from rain and snow. Protective styles can help to retain length and growth. They include braids, Wig, wigs, Lock of hair, locks, and Hair twists, twists. Afro-textured hair is often prone to breakage or damage from the elements; protective hairstyles aim to guard against this. However protective hairstyles sometimes involve tension at the scalp, like braids with weaves and wigs, and are not the ideal style. They may also prevent hair from growing, which, if prolonged, may lead to traction alopecia. Protective styles require styling hair for a few days and using the correct styles and products. Depending on the hairstyle and how well it is taken care of, protective hairstyles can last between two weeks ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CROWN Act Of 2022
The Creating a Respectful and Open World for Natural Hair Act of 2022, known as the CROWN Act of 2022, is a bill in the United States Congress The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washi ... intended to prohibit discrimination based on hairstyle and hair texture by clarifying that such discrimination is illegal under existing federal law. Similar statutes have already been passed by 13 states and 30 cities as of March 2022. The act was first introduced on March 19, 2021, by Representative Bonnie Watson Coleman ( D- NJ). The House of Representatives then passed the bill by 235–189 on March 18, 2022. Background Beginning with California in July 2019, similar statutes have already been passed by 13 states and 30 cities as of March 2022. Legislative History As of Septemb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States House Of Representatives
The United States House of Representatives, often referred to as the House of Representatives, the U.S. House, or simply the House, is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, with the Senate being the upper chamber. Together they comprise the national bicameral legislature of the United States. The House's composition was established by Article One of the United States Constitution. The House is composed of representatives who, pursuant to the Uniform Congressional District Act, sit in single member congressional districts allocated to each state on a basis of population as measured by the United States Census, with each district having one representative, provided that each state is entitled to at least one. Since its inception in 1789, all representatives have been directly elected, although universal suffrage did not come to effect until after the passage of the 19th Amendment and the Civil Rights Movement. Since 1913, the number of voting representat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hair Discrimination
Discrimination based on hair texture is a form of social injustice, found worldwide. Afro-textured hair has frequently been seen as being "unprofessional," "unattractive," and "unclean." History In the Western world, afro-textured hair has historically been treated with disdain, by members of all ethnicities. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Atlantic slave trade saw Black Africans forcibly transported from Sub-Saharan Africa to North America and, upon their arrival in the New World, their heads would be shaved in effort to erase their culture, as many Africans used hairstyles to signify their tribal identity, marital status, age, and other personal characteristics. Early on, both men and women would wear headscarves in order to protect their scalps from sunburn and lice but, as time progressed, these hair wraps became more associated with women, who began to wear them in various fashions, based on their region and personal style. In the 19th century, when enslaved men and wome ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CROWN Act (California)
The CROWN (Create a Respectful and Open Workplace for Natural Hair) Act (SB 188) is a California law which prohibits discrimination based on hair style and hair texture by extending protection under the FEHA and the California Education Code. It is the first legislation passed at the state level in the United States to prohibit such discrimination. The CROWN Act, which was drafted and sponsored by State Senator Holly Mitchell, was passed unanimously in both chambers of the California Legislature by June 27, 2019, and was signed into law on July 3, 2019. CROWN Acts outside of California CROWN Acts were subsequently adopted in New York, New Jersey, New York City, Washington, Maryland, Nevada, Virginia, and Colorado, while Illinois adopted a similar law titled the Jett Hawkins Law. A CROWN Act was also introduced in the South Carolina General Assembly, but did not pass the body. Federal CROWN Act On September 21, 2020, the U.S. House of Representatives passed the CROWN Ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
California
California is a state in the Western United States, located along the Pacific Coast. With nearly 39.2million residents across a total area of approximately , it is the most populous U.S. state and the 3rd largest by area. It is also the most populated subnational entity in North America and the 34th most populous in the world. The Greater Los Angeles area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation's second and fifth most populous urban regions respectively, with the former having more than 18.7million residents and the latter having over 9.6million. Sacramento is the state's capital, while Los Angeles is the most populous city in the state and the second most populous city in the country. San Francisco is the second most densely populated major city in the country. Los Angeles County is the country's most populous, while San Bernardino County is the largest county by area in the country. California borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Afro
The afro is a hair type created by natural growth of Afro-textured hair, kinky hair, or specifically styled with chemical curling products by individuals with naturally Hair#Curly hair, curly or Hair#Classification systems, straight hair.Garland, Phyl"Is The Afro On Its Way Out?" ''Ebony (magazine), Ebony'', February 1973. Retrieved February 20, 2010. Sherrow, Victoria, ''Encyclopedia of hair: a cultural history'' Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006, pp. 21–23. Retrieved February 20, 2010. The hairstyle can be created by combing the hair away from the scalp, dispersing a distinctive curl pattern, and forming the hair into a rounded shape, much like a cloud or puff ball.Mercer, Kobena [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
