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Rhizocarpon Tungurahuae
''Rhizocarpon'' is a genus of crustose, saxicolous (or sometimes lichenicolous), lichens in the family Rhizocarpaceae. The genus is common in arctic-alpine environments, but also occurs throughout temperate, subtropical, and even tropical regions. They are commonly known as map lichens because of the prothallus forming border-like bands between colonies in some species, like the common map lichen (''Rhizocarpon geographicum''). Taxonomy and phylogeny Together with three small genera (''Catolechia'', ''Poeltinula'' and ''Epilichen''), ''Rhizocarpon'' constitutes the family Rhizocarpaceae. Historically, ca 389 names have been used. However, many species concepts are ill-defined, many names have been synonymized and new species are regularly being described, so true number of species is not entirely clear as of now, but is estimated to be around 200. In molecular work, the genus has also been shown to be paraphyletic, with closely related genera being nested within ''Rhizocarpon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizocarpon Geographicum
''Rhizocarpon geographicum'' (the map lichen) is a species of lichen, which grows on rocks in mountainous areas of low air pollution. Each lichen is a flat patch bordered by a black line of fungal hyphae. These patches grow adjacent to each other, leading to the appearance of a map or a patchwork field. When circular, or roughly circular, the diameter of this lichen species has been widely used to help determining the relative age of deposits, e.g. moraine systems, thus revealing evidence of glacial advances. The process is termed lichenometry. This technique is generally attributed to the work of Roland Beschel in the Alps. Lichenometry is based on the assumption that the largest lichen growing on a rock is the oldest individual. Generally, the five largest lichen thalli diameters are taken, although several statistical methods have been used. If the growth rate is known, the maximum lichen size will give a minimum age for when this rock was deposited. The growth rate curve, a g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tropical
The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the equator, where the sun may shine directly overhead. This contrasts with the temperate or polar regions of Earth, where the Sun can never be directly overhead. This is because of Earth's axial tilt; the width of the tropics (in latitude) is twice the tilt. The tropics are also referred to as the tropical zone and the torrid zone (see geographical zone). Due to the overhead sun, the tropics receive the most solar energy over the course of the year, and consequently have the highest temperatures on the planet. Even when not directly overhead, the sun is still close to overhead throughout the year, therefore the tropics also have the lowest seasonal variation on the planet; "winter" and "summer" lose their temperature contrast. Instead, seasons are more commonly divided by precipitation variations than by temperature variations. The tropics maintain wide diversity of local climates, such as rain forests, monsoons, sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizocarpon Austroamphibium
''Rhizocarpon austroamphibium'' is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Rhizocarpaceae. It is found in alpine environments in southwestern Tasmania, Australia. Taxonomy The lichen was formally described by the lichenologists Alan Fryday and Gintaras Kantvilas in 2012. This species is distinguished by its smooth grey thallus, innate apothecia (fruiting bodies) with a white margin, relatively unbranched paraphyses, and large, , pigmented . These characteristics place ''Rhizocarpon austroamphibium'' within the genus ''Rhizocarpon'' but suggest a peripheral position due to its unique apothecial features compared to other species. Description The thallus of ''Rhizocarpon austroamphibium'' is glaucous to olivaceous-grey, spreading over quartzite pebbles in and around alpine tarns. It forms contiguous, cracked- patches that are typically about 50 μm thick. The surface cells are pigmented blue-grey. The medulla appears hyaline with minute, pale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizocarpon Austroalpinum
''Rhizocarpon austroalpinum'' is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Rhizocarpaceae. This species can be recognised by its distinctive whitish to pale grey body (thallus) and its large, often partly sunken or barely raised fruiting structures (apothecia). It occurs in Australia. Taxonomy The species was described by the lichenologists Patrick M. McCarthy, John Elix, and Gintaras Kantvilas based on specimens collected by Kantvilas from Mount Pillinger in the Cradle Mountain-Lake St Clair National Park, at an elevation of . The species epithet ''austroalpinum'' alludes to the species' distribution in southern alpine regions. Description The thallus of ''Rhizocarpon austroalpinum'' is crustose and epilithic (on the rock surface), spreading up to approximately 5 cm in width, and typically off-white to medium greenish-grey. The thallus is 80–400 μm thick and composed of contiguous or scattered that are dull, smooth, and can be fla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizocarpon Anaperum
''Rhizocarpon'' is a genus of crustose, saxicolous (or sometimes lichenicolous), lichens in the family Rhizocarpaceae. The genus is common in arctic-alpine environments, but also occurs throughout temperate, subtropical, and even tropical regions. They are commonly known as map lichens because of the prothallus forming border-like bands between colonies in some species, like the common map lichen ('' Rhizocarpon geographicum''). Taxonomy and phylogeny Together with three small genera ('' Catolechia'', '' Poeltinula'' and '' Epilichen''), ''Rhizocarpon'' constitutes the family Rhizocarpaceae. Historically, ca 389 names have been used. However, many species concepts are ill-defined, many names have been synonymized and new species are regularly being described, so true number of species is not entirely clear as of now, but is estimated to be around 200. In molecular work, the genus has also been shown to be paraphyletic, with closely related genera being nested within ''Rh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizocarpon Amphibium
''Rhizocarpon'' is a genus of crustose, saxicolous (or sometimes lichenicolous), lichens in the family Rhizocarpaceae. The genus is common in arctic-alpine environments, but also occurs throughout temperate, subtropical, and even tropical regions. They are commonly known as map lichens because of the prothallus forming border-like bands between colonies in some species, like the common map lichen (''Rhizocarpon geographicum''). Taxonomy and phylogeny Together with three small genera (''Catolechia'', ''Poeltinula'' and ''Epilichen''), ''Rhizocarpon'' constitutes the family Rhizocarpaceae. Historically, ca 389 names have been used. However, many species concepts are ill-defined, many names have been synonymized and new species are regularly being described, so true number of species is not entirely clear as of now, but is estimated to be around 200. In molecular work, the genus has also been shown to be paraphyletic, with closely related genera being nested within ''Rhizocarpon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizocarpon Alpicola
''Rhizocarpon alpicola'' is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Rhizocarpaceae. A member of the ''Rhizocarpon geographicum'' species complex, ''R. alpicola'' can usually be distinguished from related species by its large and smooth . ''R. alpicola'' is often utilised in lichenometry, a dating technique used to estimate the length of exposure of rock surfaces. '' Carbonea intrudens'' is a lichenicolous fungus A lichenicolous fungus is a member of a specialised group of fungi that live exclusively on lichens as their host organisms. These fungi, comprising over 2,000 known species across 280 genera, exhibit a wide range of ecological strategies, includ ... that has been recorded infesting specimens of this lichen collected in Austria. References Rhizocarpaceae Lichen species Lichens described in 1831 Lichens of Europe Taxa named by Elias Magnus Fries {{Lecanorales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhizocarpon Advenulum
''Rhizocarpon'' is a genus of crustose, saxicolous (or sometimes lichenicolous), lichens in the family Rhizocarpaceae. The genus is common in arctic-alpine environments, but also occurs throughout temperate, subtropical, and even tropical regions. They are commonly known as map lichens because of the prothallus forming border-like bands between colonies in some species, like the common map lichen (''Rhizocarpon geographicum''). Taxonomy and phylogeny Together with three small genera (''Catolechia'', ''Poeltinula'' and ''Epilichen''), ''Rhizocarpon'' constitutes the family Rhizocarpaceae. Historically, ca 389 names have been used. However, many species concepts are ill-defined, many names have been synonymized and new species are regularly being described, so true number of species is not entirely clear as of now, but is estimated to be around 200. In molecular work, the genus has also been shown to be paraphyletic, with closely related genera being nested within ''Rhizocarpon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catalogue Of Life
The Catalogue of Life (CoL) is an online database that provides an index of known species of animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms. It was created in 2001 as a partnership between the global Species 2000 and the American Integrated Taxonomic Information System. The Catalogue is used by research scientists, citizen scientists, educators, and policy makers. The Catalogue is also used by the Biodiversity Heritage Library, the Barcode of Life Data System, '' Encyclopedia of Life'', and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility. The Catalogue currently compiles data from 165 peer-reviewed taxonomic databases that are maintained by specialist institutions around the world. the COL Checklist lists 2,067,951 of the world's 2.2m extant species known to taxonomists on the planet at present time. Structure The Catalogue of Life employs a simple data structure to provide information on synonymy, grouping within a taxonomic hierarchy, common names, distribution and ecological e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Fungorum
''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (Binomial nomenclature, scientific names) in the fungus Kingdom (biology), kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research New Zealand Limited, Landcare Research and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is somewhat comparable to the International Plant Names Index (IPNI), in which the Royal Botanic Gardens is also involved. A difference is that where IPNI does not indicate Correct name (botany), correct names, the ''Index Fungorum'' does indicate the status of a name. In the returns from the search page, a currently correct name is indicated in green, while others are in blue (a few, aberrant usages of names are indicated in red). All names are linked to pages giving the correct name, with lists of Synonym (taxonomy), synonyms. ''Index Fungorum'' is one of three nomenclatural repositories recognized b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascus
An ascus (; : asci) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or species can occur in numbers of one (e.g. '' Monosporascus cannonballus''), two, four, or multiples of four. In a few cases, the ascospores can bud off conidia that may fill the asci (e.g. '' Tympanis'') with hundreds of conidia, or the ascospores may fragment, e.g. some '' Cordyceps'', also filling the asci with smaller cells. Ascospores are nonmotile, usually single celled, but not infrequently may be coenocytic (lacking a septum), and in some cases coenocytic in multiple planes. Mitotic divisions within the developing spores populate each resulting cell in septate ascospores with nuclei. The term ocular chamber, or oculus, refers to the epiplasm (the portion of cytoplasm not used in ascospore formation) that is surrounded by the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epilichen
''Epilichen'' is a small genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Rhizocarpaceae. These parasitic lichens live on other lichens, beginning as thin, crust-like patches that may break into small islands or scales, and in some cases produce no visible body at all except for their reproductive structures. They reproduce through black, disc-shaped fruiting bodies that contain distinctive brown spores with a "doughnut ring" appearance, and can eventually take over the space occupied by their host lichen once it dies. Taxonomy The genus was proposed by the American ecologist Frederic Clements in 1909, with '' E. scabrosus'' assigned as the type species. Clements originally classified the genus in the family Patellariaceae. Description ''Epilichen'' species parasitise other lichens and begin as thin, crust-like patches (crustose thalli) that may fracture into island-like or develop minute scales (subsquamulose lobes). In some cases the lichen produces no visible thallus at a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
