Reynaud Phenomenon Of The Nipple
Paul Reynaud (; 15 October 1878 – 21 September 1966) was a French politician and lawyer prominent in the interwar period, noted for his economic liberalism and vocal opposition to Nazi Germany. Reynaud opposed the Munich Agreement of September 1938, when France and the United Kingdom gave way before Hitler's proposals for the dismemberment of Czechoslovakia. After the outbreak of World War II, Reynaud became the penultimate Prime Minister of the Third Republic in March 1940. He was also vice-president of the Democratic Republican Alliance center-right party. Reynaud was Prime Minister during the German defeat of France in May and June 1940; he persistently refused to support an armistice with Germany and unsuccessfully attempted to save France from German occupation in World War II, and resigned on 16 June. After unsuccessfully attempting to flee France, he was arrested by Philippe Pétain's administration. Surrendering to German custody in 1942, he was imprisoned in Germany ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Prime Minister Of France
The prime minister of France (), officially the prime minister of the French Republic (''Premier ministre de la République française''), is the head of government of the French Republic and the leader of its Council of Ministers. The prime minister is the holder of the second-highest office in France, after the president of France. The president, who appoints but cannot dismiss the prime minister, can request resignation. The Government of France, including the prime minister, can be dismissed by the National Assembly. Upon appointment, the prime minister proposes a list of ministers to the president. Decrees and decisions signed by the prime minister, like almost all executive decisions, are subject to the oversight of the administrative court system. Some decrees are taken after advice from the Council of State (), over which the prime minister is entitled to preside. Ministers defend the programmes of their ministries to the prime minister, who makes budgetary choices. ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Minister Of Foreign Affairs (France)
The Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (, MEAE) is the ministry of the Government of France that handles France's foreign relations. Since 1855, its headquarters have been located at 37 Quai d'Orsay, close to the National Assembly. The term Quai d'Orsay is often used as a metonym for the ministry. Its cabinet minister, the Minister of Europe and Foreign Affairs () is responsible for the foreign relations of France. The current officeholder, Jean-Noël Barrot, was appointed in September 2024. (For a brief period in the 1980s from 1984 to 1986, the office was titled Minister for External Relations.) In 1547, royal secretaries became specialised, writing correspondence to foreign governments and negotiating peace treaties. The four French secretaries of state where foreign relations were divided by region, in 1589, became centralised with one becoming first secretary responsible for international relations. The Ancien Régime position of Secretary of State for Foreign Aff ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Théodore Steeg
Théodore Steeg (; 19 December 1868 – 19 December 1950) was a lawyer and professor of philosophy who became Prime Minister of France. Steeg entered French politics in 1904 as a radical socialist, although his views were generally moderate. He was a Deputy of the Seine from 1904 to 1914 and Senator from 1914 to 1944. At different times he was Minister of Higher Education, Interior, Justice and Colonies. In the 1920s he was in charge of the colonial administrations first of Algeria and then of Morocco. He encouraged irrigation projects to provide land for French ''colons'' at a time of growing demands for political and economic rights from the indigenous people, accompanied by growing unrest. Steeg was briefly prime minister in 1930–1931. Early years Jules Joseph Théodore Steeg was born in Libourne, Gironde on 19 December 1868. He was of German descent, and his political opponents would later attack him for this fact. His father, Jules Steeg (1836–1898), was a Protestant ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Pierre Laval
Pierre Jean Marie Laval (; 28 June 1883 – 15 October 1945) was a French politician. He served as Prime Minister of France three times: 1931–1932 and 1935–1936 during the Third Republic (France), Third Republic, and 1942–1944 during Vichy France. After the war, Laval was tried as a Vichy France#Collaboration with Nazi Germany, Nazi collaborator and executed for treason. A socialist early in his life, Laval became a lawyer in 1909 and was famous for his defence of strikers, trade unionists and leftists from government prosecution. In 1914, he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies (France), Chamber of Deputies as a member of the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO), and he remained committed to his pacifist convictions during the First World War. After his defeat in the 1919 election, Laval left the SFIO and became mayor of Aubervilliers. In 1924 he returned to the Chamber as an independent, and was elected to the Senate (France), Senate three years later. H ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Minister Of Colonies (France)
The Minister of the Overseas () is the official in charge of the Ministry of the Overseas in the Government of the French Republic, responsible for overseeing Overseas France. The office was titled Minister of the Colonies (''Ministre des Colonies'') until 1946. The position is currently held by Manuel Valls in the government of Prime Minister François Bayrou with the title of Minister to the Prime Minister, in charge of the Overseas (''Ministre auprès du Premier ministre, chargé des Outre-mer''). He succeeded François-Noël Buffet on 23 December 2024. Officeholders Minister of the Colonies (1894–1946) Minister of the Overseas (1946–present) See also * Archives nationales d'outre-mer, Aix-en-Provence References Further reading *Robert Aldrich. Greater France: A History of French Overseas Expansion. Macmillan (1996) pp109–114 External links Rulers: France. Ministries, political parties, etc. from 1870: Overseas Ministers (Colonies) Rulers.orgLes Mi ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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René Renoult
René Renoult (29 August 1867 in Paris – 30 April 1946 in Paris) was a French Minister and lawyer. Biography Renoult was the son of Étienne and Élisa Geranger, a female day laborer. He studied at the Faculty of Law in Paris and obtained his doctorate in 1888. He married for the first time with Blanche-Clothilde Wormser in 1910, and a second time with Henriette-Emelie-Céleste Giriat in 1937. Renoult was a member of the Radical Party. His political career started in 1911, when he became General Counselor of the Lure commune (until 1913). In 1902 he became deputy for the Haute-Saône ''département'' (until 1919). From 1920 to 1941 he was Senator of Var. Offices *1889: Chief of cabinet under Charles Floquet, president of the Chamber of Deputies. *1903: President of the Radical Party *1911–1912: Minister of Labour and Social Security Provisions *1913–1914: Minister of the Interior *1914: Minister of Finance (during 85 days). *1914: Minister of Transportation ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Léon Bérard
Léon Bérard (; 6 January 1876, Sauveterre-de-Béarn – 24 February 1960 in Saint-Étienne) was a French politician and lawyer. Bérard was Minister of Public Instruction in 1919 and from 1921 to 1924, and Minister of Justice from 1931 to 1932. He was elected to the Académie française in 1934. He was the Ambassador from Vichy France to the Holy See from 1940 to 1945. During his time as Senator, he was called upon by Édouard Daladier in early February 1939 to travel to Burgos, then under control of the Spanish Nationalists during the Spanish Civil War, which was drawing to its conclusion and Nationalist victory, to secure a treaty with Francoist Spain. France had previously provided tentative support to the Spanish Republicans, but was now forced to make deals with the soon to be victorious Nationalist government on the question of refugees from the Catalonia region. More than 400,000 refugees had flooded into south-eastern France since the beginning of 1939. The resultin ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Marc Rucart
Marc Émile Rucart (24 July 1893 – 23 January 1964) was a French journalist and Radical politician who was a deputy from 1928 to 1942. He alternated between the posts of Minister of Justice and Minister of Health from 1936 to 1940. Although he was not pro-feminist he introduced changes that gave greater opportunity to women. He was anti-racist, and after the initial defeat of France in World War II he did not support the Vichy government, but participated in the National Council of the Resistance and then in the first Provisional Consultative Assembly . After the war he was a senator from 1947 to 1958. Early years (1893–1928) Marc Émile Rucart was born on 24 July 1893 in Coulommiers, Seine-et-Marne. Rucart made his first journalistic efforts when he was aged 17. In 1914 he edited the Loiret ''Progrès''. He moved to Paris where he contributed to the '' Le Radical'', ''La Lanterne'' and ''Progrès civique''. After returning to the province he became director of Paul Doumer's ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Minister Of Justice (France)
Minister of Justice (), formally known as Keeper of the Seals, Minister of Justice (''Garde des Sceaux, ministre de la Justice''), is a cabinet position in the Government of France. The current minister of justice has been Gérald Darmanin since 2024. The ministry is headquartered on Place Vendôme in the 1st arrondissement of Paris. Function The roles of the minister are to: * oversee the building, maintenance and administration of courts; * sit as vice president of the Judicial Council (which oversees the judicial performance and advises on prosecutiorial performance); * supervise public prosecutions; * direct corrections and the prison system * propose legislation affecting civil or criminal law or procedure. The Minister of Justice also holds the ceremonial office of Keeper of the Seals of France and is custodian of the Great Seal of France. This symbolic role is still shown in the order of words of the minister's official designation, Minister of Justice, Keeper of the ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Louis Germain-Martin
Louis Germain-Martin (; 7 November 1872, in Le Puy-en-Velay, Haute-Loire – 4 October 1948, in Paris) was an Independent Radical French politician. He was Minister of Post and Telecommunications in the government of André Tardieu, and later a Budget Minister, before serving three times as Finance minister for much of the first half of the 1930s. On 23 January 1941, Germain-Martin was made a member of the National Council of Vichy France Vichy France (; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State ('), was a French rump state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II, established as a result of the French capitulation after the Battle of France, .... References {{DEFAULTSORT:Germain-Martin, Louis 1872 births 1948 deaths People from Le Puy-en-Velay Independent Radical politicians Finance ministers of France Budget ministers of France Members of the 14th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the 15th Chamber ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Charles Dumont (politician)
Charles Émile Étienne Dumont (; 31 August 1867 – 22 April 1939) was a left-leaning French politician who was Minister of Public Works in 1911 and Minister of Finance in 1913. The "Dumont Resolution" passed by the Chamber of Deputies in 1917 called for security after World War I (1914–18) to be based on the armed forces of France and her allies, and also for the establishment of a society of nations. Dumont was again Minister of Finance in 1930, and was Minister of the Navy in 1931–32. He initiated construction of the battleship ''Dunkerque'' as part of a naval expansion program. Dumont came from a family of peasant winemakers from the Jura, and did much to promote development of that region as president of the Jura Departmental Council from 1921 to 1939. Life Early years Charles Dumont was born in Ajaccio, Corsica, on 31 August 1867. His family came from Jura, and had been peasant winemakers in Brainans, near Poligny, for three centuries. His father worked in the Po ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |
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Lucien Lamoureux
Lucien Lamoureux (; August 3, 1920 – July 16, 1998) was a Canadian politician and Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada from 1966 to 1974. He is the second longest-serving occupant of that office. Lamoureux was born and raised in Ottawa to Prime and Graziella (nee Madore) Lamoureux. After graduating with a law degree from Osgoode Hall in 1945, Lamoureux worked as a political aide to Lionel Chevrier, a Canadian Cabinet minister in the government of Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King. In 1954, he left Chevrier's office to establish a law practice in Cornwall, Ontario. Lamoureux was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1962 election as a Liberal Member of Parliament (MP). In 1963, he became Deputy Speaker of the House of Commons and decided to stop attending meetings of the Liberal caucus in order to maintain impartiality. Following the 1965 election, Prime Minister Lester Pearson nominated him to the position of Speaker of the House of Commo ... [...More Info...]       [...Related Items...]     OR:     [Wikipedia]   [Google]   [Baidu]   |