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Reservation Policy In Bihar
Reservation policy in Bihar is a system of affirmative action that provides historically disadvantaged groups representation in education and employment. Reservations in the state rose from 60 percent in 2021 to 75 percent in 2023. In June 2024, Patna High Court struck down the new reservation policy. History Bihar has long struggled for equal educational opportunities and government jobs. Reservation was especially believed by the oppressed classes as a successful mechanism for affirmative action against discrimination. In 1978, Karpoori Thakur introduced 26% reservation in India, reservation model in Bihar, for the backward classes in the Government jobs. In this layered reservation regime, Other Backward Class got 12%, Most Backward Class got 8%, women got 3%, and economically backward classes (EBWs) from among the upper castes got 3% reservation in state government jobs. Later, Bihar has a sub-quota within OBC quota of 18% for Extremely Backward Castes (EBCs) and 3% for B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Affirmative Action
Affirmative action (also sometimes called reservations, alternative access, positive discrimination or positive action in various countries' laws and policies) refers to a set of policies and practices within a government or organization seeking to address systemic discrimination. Historically and internationally, support for affirmative action has been justified by the idea that it may help with bridging inequalities in employment and pay, increasing access to education, and promoting diversity, social equity, and social inclusion and redressing wrongs, harms, or hindrances, also called substantive equality. The nature of affirmative-action policies varies from region to region and exists on a spectrum from a hard quota to merely targeting encouragement for increased participation. Some countries use a quota system, reserving a certain percentage of government jobs, political positions, and school vacancies for members of a certain group; an example of this is the reservati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reservation Policy In Tamil Nadu
Reservation policy in Tamil Nadu is a system of affirmative action that provides historically disadvantaged groups representation in education and employment. Reservations in the state rose from 41 percent in 1954 to 69 percent in 1990. History Tamil Nadu has long struggled for equal educational opportunities and government jobs dating back to the pre-independence period. Reservation was especially believed by the oppressed classes as a successful mechanism for affirmative action against discrimination.. Before independence The Madras Presidency was the very first presidency in British Raj to use reservation as a means of ensuring justice for the disadvantaged. There were complaints about Brahmin dominance in the government, where they overshadowed others by numbers and held senior roles. The Brahmin(caste) hegemony in the administration was owing to their better educational opportunities as a result of their superior position in the caste hierarchy. C. Natesa Mudaliar, P. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Court Cases Relating To India's Reservation System
In Indian constitutional law, reservation is a form of affirmative action reserving certain positions in the workforce to specific sections of the population. It was implemented to improve social mobility as previously, members of specific castes and tribes were heavily discriminated against and prevented from working in specific positions or entering specific places. Footnotes Notes References Further reading * Articles 12, 14, 15, 16, 19, 335 of the Constitution of India * ''State of Madras v. Smt. Champakam Dorairanjan'' AIR 1951 SC 226 * ''General Manager, S. Rly v. Rangachari'' AIR 1962 SC 36 * ''M R Balaji v. State of Mysore'' AIR 1963 SC 649 * ''T. Devadasan v. Union'' AIR 1964 SC 179. * ''C. A. Rajendran v. Union of India'' AIR 1965 SC 507 * ''Chamaraja v. Mysore'' AIR 1967 Mys 21 * ''Barium Chemicals Ltd. v. Company Law Board'' AIR 1967 SC 295 * ''P. Rajendran v. State of Madras'' AIR 1968 SC 1012 * ''Triloki Nath v. The state of Jammu and Kashmir'' AI ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indra Sawhney & Others V
Indra (; ) is the Hindu god of weather, considered the king of the Devas and Svarga in Hinduism. He is associated with the sky, lightning, weather, thunder, storms, rains, river flows, and war. volumes/ref> Indra is the most frequently mentioned deity in the ''Rigveda''. He is celebrated for his powers based on his status as a god of order, and as the one who killed the great evil, an asura named Vritra, who obstructed human prosperity and happiness. Indra destroys Vritra and his "deceiving forces", and thereby brings rain and sunshine as the saviour of mankind. Indra's significance diminishes in the post-Vedic Indian literature, but he still plays an important role in various mythological events. He is depicted as a powerful hero. According to the ''Vishnu Purana'', Indra is the title borne by the king of the gods, which changes every Manvantara – a cyclic period of time in Hindu cosmology. Each Manvantara has its own Indra and the Indra of the current Manvantara ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reservation In India
Reservation is a system of affirmative action in India that was established during the British Raj. Based on provisions in the Constitution of India, Indian Constitution, it allows the Government of India, Union Government and the States and Territories of India to allocate a specific percentage of 'reserved quotas' or 'seats', in higher education admissions, employment, political bodies, etc., for "Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Backward Classes and Economically Weaker Sections". Since its implementation, reservation has been a subject of massive debates and controversies over its impact, execution and effectiveness, significantly shaping the agendas of political parties and the actions of social groups. History of Reservation Before independence Quota systems favouring certain castes and other communities existed before Independence of India, independence in the British raj. Demands for various forms of positive discrimination has been made, for example, in 1881 and 1891. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patna High Court
The Patna High Court of Judicature at Patna (commonly known as Patna High Court) is the High Courts of India, High Court of the Indian state, state of Bihar. It was established on 3 February 1916 by British colonial government and was later affiliated under the Government of India Act 1915, making it one of the oldest High courts of India, High Courts of India. The court is based in Patna, the administrative. List of Indian state and union territory capitals, capital of the Indian state, state of Bihar, India. History of the court A proclamation for setting up the court was issued by the governor-general of India on 22 March 1912. The foundation-stone of the High Court Building was laid on 1 December 1913 by Viceroy and Governor-General of India Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst, Sir Charles Hardinge of Penshurst. The Patna High Court building on its completion was formally opened by the same viceroy on 3 February 1916. Official work commenced on 1 March 1916. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Times Of India
''The Times of India'' (''TOI'') is an Indian English-language daily newspaper and digital news media owned and managed by the Times Group. It is the List of newspapers in India by circulation, third-largest newspaper in India by circulation and List of newspapers by circulation, largest selling English-language daily in the world. It is the oldest English-language newspaper in India, and the second-oldest Indian newspaper still in circulation, with its first edition published in 1838. It is nicknamed as "The Old Lady of Bori Bunder", and is a newspaper of record. Near the beginning of the 20th century, Lord Curzon, the Viceroy of India, called ''TOI'' "the leading paper in Asia". In 1991, the BBC ranked ''TOI'' among the world's six best newspapers. It is owned and published by Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. (BCCL), which is owned by the Sahu Jain family. In the Brand Trust Report India study 2019, ''TOI'' was rated as the most trusted English newspaper in India. In a 2021 surve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karpoori Thakur
Karpoori Thakur (24 January 1924 – 17 February 1988) was an Indian politician who served two terms as the 11th Chief Minister of Bihar, first from December 1970 to June 1971, and then from June 1977 to April 1979. He was popularly known as Jan Nayak (). On 26 January 2024, he was posthumously awarded India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, by the Government of India. This was announced by the President of India Draupadi Murmu on 23 January 2024. Biography Karpoori Thakur was born to Gokul Thakur and Ramdulari Devi at Pitaunjhia (now Karpuri Gram) village in Samastipur District of Bihar. He belonged to the Nai community. He was influenced by Mahatma Gandhi and Satyanarayan Sinha. He joined the All India Students Federation. As a student activist, he left his graduate college to join the Quit India Movement. For his participation in the Indian independence movement, he spent 26 months in prison. After India gained independence, Thakur worked as a teacher in his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
